Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (202 page)

80
. M. R. Malinow et al., “The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Plasma Total Homocysteine Are Modulated by Multivitamin Use and Methylenetetrahy-drofolate Reductase Genotypes,”
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology,
vol. 17, no. 6 (June 1997), pp. 1157–62.

81
. M. F. Bellamy et al., “Oral Folate Enhances Endothelial Function in Hyperhomo-cysteinaemic Subjects,”
European Journal of Clinical Investigation,
vol. 29, no. 8 (Aug. 1999), pp. 659–62; A. Bronstrup et al., “Effects of Folic Acid and Combinations of Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12 on Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations in Healthy, Young Women,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
vol. 68, no. 5 (1998), pp. 1104–10.

82
. A. Vahratian et al., “Multivitamin Use and Risk of Preterm Birth,”
American
Journal of Epidemiology,
vol. 160, no. 9 (Nov. 1, 2004), pp. 886–92.

83
. R. A. Anderson and S. Koslovsky, “Chromium Intake, Absorption, and Excretion of Subjects Consuming Self-Selected Diets,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
vol. 41 (1985), pp. 1177–80.

84
. W. Mestz et al., “Present Knowledge of the Role of Chromium,”
Fedéral Proceedings,
vol. 33 (1974), pp. 2275–83.

85
. Interestingly, breast milk contains 300 mg of calcium per quart, while cow’s milk contains 1,200 mg per quart. Yet the breast-fed infant absorbs more calcium than the infant fed cow’s milk. More isn’t necessarily better. Source: William Manahan,
Eat for Health
(Tiburon, CA: H. J. Kramer, 1988), p. 164.

86
. Frank A. Oski,
Don’t Drink Your Milk
(Brushton, NY: Teach Services, 1996); available from Teach Services, 800-367-1844 or 518-358-3494, or visit
www.teachservices.com
.

87
. Daniel Cramer et al., “Galatose Consumption and Metabolism in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer,”
The Lancet,
vol. 2, no. 8654 (July 8, 1989), pp. 66–71.

88
. A. J. Lanou, S. E. Berkow, and N. D. Barnard, “Calcium, Dairy Products, and Bone Health in Children and Young Adults: A Reevaluation of the Evidence,”
Pediatrics,
vol. 115, no. 3 (Mar. 2005), pp. 736–43.

89
. T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D., quoted in “More on the Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer Link,”
NABCO News,
vol. 4, no. 3 (July 1990), pp. 1–2.

90
. Manahan,
Eat for Health.
Dentists point out that the first place osteo porosis shows up is in the lower jaw, and that osteoporosis is linked with periodontal disease, the leading cause of adult tooth loss.

91
. T. Colin Campbell, “Nutrition, Environment, and Health Project: Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine-Cornell-Oxford,” reported in Nathaniel Mead, “The Champion Diet,”
East West
(Sept. 1990), p. 46.

92
. M. F. Holick, “Vitamin D Deficiency,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 357, no. 3 (July 19, 2007), pp. 266–81.

93
. L. M. Bodnar, M. A. Krohn, and H. N. Simhan, “Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis in the First Trimester of Pregnancy,”
Journal
of Nutrition,
vol. 139, no. 6 (June 2009), pp. 1157–61.

94
. M. Sneve, Y. Figenschau, and R. Jorde, “Supplementation with Cholecalciferol Does Not Result in Weight Reduction in Overweight and Obese Subjects,”
European
Journal of Endocrinology,
vol. 159, no. 6 (Dec. 2008), pp. 675–84; S. D. Sib-ley et al., “Plasma Vitamin D: A Predictor of Subsequent Weight Loss Success,” presented at the 91st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Washington, DC (June 11, 2009), also available online at
www.abstracts2view.com/ endo/view.php ?nu=ENDO09L_OR14-5
.

95
. Holick, “Vitamin D Deficiency.”

96
. J. J. Cannell et al., “On the Epidemiology of Influenza,”
Virology Journal,
vol. 5, no. 29 (Feb. 25, 2008), also available online at
http://www.virologyj.com/ content/5/1/29
.

97
. B. Dawson-Hughes et al., “Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Wintertime and Overall Bone Loss in Healthy Postmenopausal Women,”
Annals of Internal
Medicine,
vol. 115, no. 17 (1991), pp. 505–12.

98
. R. D. Jackson et al., “Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 354, no. 7 (Feb. 16, 2006), pp. 669–83.

99
. Bone metabolism also requires vitamin C, vitamin D, and a number of trace miner als, including zinc, silica, copper, boron, and manganese. All of these substances, working synergistically, form bone.

100
. M. Grossman, J. Kirsner, and I. Gillespie, “Basal and Histalog-Stimulated Gastric Secretion in Control Subjects and Patients with Peptic Ulcer or Gastric Cancer,”
Gastroenterology,
vol. 45 (1963), pp. 15–26.

101
. R. Recker, “Calcium Absorption and Achlorhydria,”
New England Journal of
Medicine,
vol. 313 (1985), pp. 70–73; M. J. Nicar and C. Y. C. Pak, “Calcium Bioavailability from Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate,”
Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism,
vol. 61 (1985), pp. 391–93.

102
. Personal communication with Jeffrey Bland.

103
. D. Michaelson et al., “Bone Mineral Density in Women with Depression,”
New
England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 335 (1996), pp. 1176–81.

104
. M. J. Eisenberg, “Magnesium Deficiency and Sudden Death,”
American Heart
Journal,
vol. 124, no. 2 (1992), pp. 544–49; P. D. Turlapaty and B. M. Altura, “Magnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms in Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease,”
Science,
vol. 208, no. 4440 (April 11, 1980), pp. 198–200; B. M. Altura, “Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease and Dietary Magnesium Intake: Is the Target Site Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle?”
Medical Hypotheses,
vol. 5, no. 8 (Aug. 1979), pp. 843–48.

105
. B. S. Levine and J. W. Coburn, “Magnesium, the Mimic/Antagonist of Calcium,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 310, no. 19 (May 10, 1984), pp. 1253–5.

106
. Institute of Medicine,
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium,
Vitamin D, and Fluoride
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997).

107
. M. DeVos, “Articular Disease and the Gut: Evidence of a Strong Relationship Between Spondylarthropathy and Inflammation of the Gut in Man,”
Acta Clinica
Belgica,
vol. 45, no. 10 (1990), pp. 20–24; P. Jackson et al., “Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Eczema and Food Allergy,”
The Lancet,
vol. 1 (1981), p. 1285.

108
. A. M. Larson et al., “Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure: Results of a United States Multicenter, Prospective Study,”
Hepatology,
vol. 42, no. 6 (Dec. 2005), pp. 1364–72.

109
. A three-part series on common intestinal problems and holistic treatment for them is available in the April, May, and June 1997 issues of C. Northrup’s
Health Wisdom
for Women
newsletter.

110
. IgG levels are known to be altered in diseases related to intestinal dysbiosis and food allergies. IgG is an immunoglobulin that is involved with the body’s response to outside elements such as pollen, animal dander, grass, wheat, etc., which are not usually harmful to our bodies. However, in those people who are chronically stressed either emotionally or physically, the IgG levels are elevated, creating the possibility for hyperimmune response, which results in reactions to normally occurring environmental substances. In some people, the IgG levels are decreased, resulting in immunosuppression and therefore increased susceptibility to colds, etc.

111
. One good lab for this is Immuno Laboratories in Fort Lauderdale, FL; 800-231-9197 or 954-691-2500; www/immunolabs.com.

112
. T. Shirakawa et al., “Lifestyle Effect on Total IgG: Lifestyles Have a Cumulative Impact of Controlling Total IgG Levels,”
Allergy,
vol. 46 (1991), pp. 561–69; I. Waxman, “Case Records of the MGH: A 59-Year-Old Woman with Abdominal Pain and an Abnormal CT Scan,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 329, no. 5 (July 29, 1993), pp. 343–49.

113
. Data from
Brain/Mind Bulletin
(Dec. 1988).

114
. Thomas Petros, article in
Physiology and Behavior,
vol. 41 (1991), pp. 25–30.

115
. W. C. Willett et al., “Moderate Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Breast Cancer,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 316, no. 19 (May 7, 1987), pp. 1174–80.

116
. J. A. Ewing, “Detecting Alcoholism. The CAGE Questionnaire,”
Journal of the
American Medical Association,
vol. 252, no. 14 (Oct. 12, 1984), pp. 1905–7.

117
. Available online at
www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_ effects/tobacco_related_mortality/index .htm
.

118
. L. D. Johnson et al., “More Good News on Teen Smoking: Rates at or Near Record Lows,” University of Michigan News Service, Ann Arbor, MI (Dec. 11, 2008), available online at
www.monitoringthefuture.org
.

119
. Ibid.

120
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses United States, 1997–2001,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,
vol. 54, no. 25 (July 2005), pp. 625–28, available online at
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5425a1.htm
.

121
. National Center for Health Statistics,
Health, United States, 2008
(Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2009).

122
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity—U.S., 2000,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,
vol. 52, no. 35 (September 2003), pp. 842–44.

123
. F. Clavel-Chapelon et al., “Smoking Cessation Rates Four Years After Treatment by Nicotine Gum and Acupuncture,”
Preventive Medicine,
vol. 26, no. 1 (1997), pp. 25–28.

124
. B. Haglund et al., “Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,”
American Journal of Public Health,
vol. 80, no. 1 (Jan. 1990), pp. 29–32.

125
. California Environmental Protection Agency, Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant (June 2005).

126
. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Women and Smoking: A Report
of the Surgeon General,
(Washington, DC: Public Health Service, 2001).

127
. California Environmental Protection Agency, “Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke” (2005), available online at
www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html
.

128
. R. A. Riemersma et al., “Risk of Angina Pectoris and Plasma Concentration of Vitamins A, C, E and Carotene,”
The Lancet,
vol. 337 (1991), pp. 1–5.

129
. S. E. Moner, “Acupuncture and Addiction Treatment,”
Journal of Addictive Disease,
vol. 15, no. 3 (1996), pp. 79–100.

130
. Saul Miller,
Food for Thought: A New Look at Food and Behavior
(New York: Prentice-Hall, 1979).

131
. Alexander Schauss,
Diet, Crime, and Delinquency
(Berkeley, CA: Parker House, 1980).

132
. R. M. Nerem, M. J. Levesque, and J. T. Cornill, “Social Environment as a Factor in Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis,”
Science,
vol. 208, no. 4451 (1980), pp. 1474–6.

133
. Melvin Morse,
Transformed by the Light
(New York: Villard, 1992).

Chapter 18

1
. Brian Swimme,
The Universe Is a Green Dragon
(Santa Fe, NM: Bear and Company, 1983), p. 106.

2
. Many of the following studies were found in R. A. Anderson,
Wellness Medicine
(Lynnwood, WA: American Health Press, 1987).

3
. P. T. Campbell et al., “A Yearlong Exercise Intervention Decreases CRP Among Obese Postmenopausal Women,”
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,
vol. 41, no. 8 (Aug. 2009), pp. 1533–9.

4
.
Body Bulletin
(Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, Jan. 1984).

5
. I. Thune et al., “Physical Activity and the Risk of Breast Cancer,”
New England
Journal of Medicine,
vol. 336, no. 18 (May 1, 1997), pp. 1269–75.