A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror (185 page)

61. Johnson,
History of the American People
, 741.

 

Chapter 16. Enlarging the Public Sector, 1932–40

1. The “two New Deals” theory includes Faragher, et al.,
Out of Many
, 451–52; Johnson,
History of the American People
, 760.

2. Rexford Tugwell, “The Superpolitical,”
Journal of Social Philosophy
, October 1939–July 1940, 107, quoted in Bernard Sternsher,
Rexford Tugwell and the New Deal
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964), 13.

3. Johnson,
History of the American People
, 756.

4. Henry Morgenthau Jr., “The Morgenthau Diaries, II, The Struggle for a Program,”
Colliers
, October 4, 1947, 20–21, 45–47, quotation on 21.

5. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,
The Politics of Upheaval
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), 379.

6. Raymond Moley’s “Journal, 1936–1940,” 3, in Box 1, Raymond Moley Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, California.

7. Ibid., 5.

8. Ibid., 7.

9. Leuchtenberg,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 33.

10. Rexford Tugwell,
The Democratic Roosevelt
(Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1957), 220–21.

11. James R. McGovern,
And a Time for Hope: Americans in the Great Depression
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000), xi.

12. Raymond Moley,
After Seven Years
(New York: Harper, 1939), 155.

13. Davidson et al.,
Nation of Nations
, 929; Faragher et al.,
Out of Many
, 451–52; Burner et al.,
American Portrait
, 629–30.

14. Samuel Rosenman, ed.,
The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt
(New York: Random House, 1938–50), 5:19–21.

15. Willson Whitman,
Bread and Circuses: A Study of Federal Theater
(New York: Oxford, 1937); Grant Code, “Dance Theater of the WPA: A Record of National Accomplishment,”
Dance Observer
, November 1939, 280–81, 290; “Footlights, Federal Style,”
Harper’s
, 123 (1936), 626; Mabel Ulrich, “Salvaging Culture for the WPA,”
Harper’s
, 78 (1939); “Work of the Federal Writers’ Project of the WPA,”
Publishers Weekly
, 135 (1939), 1130–35;
Time
, 31 (January 3, 1938), 55–56; Robert Binkley, “The Cultural Program of the W.P.A.,”
Harvard Educational Review
, 9 (March 1939), 156–74; Willard Hogan, “The WPA Research and Records Program,”
Harvard Educational Review
, 13 (1943), 52–62.

16. John T. Flynn,
The Roosevelt Myth
(New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1956), 46.

17. Harvey Klehr and Earl Haynes,
The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself
(New York: Twayne, 1992).

18. Goldfield,
American Journey
, 830.

19. Marc Weiss,
Rise of the Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning
(New York: Columbia, 1987).

20. Michael J. Webber,
New Deal Fat Cats: Business, Labor, and Campaign Finance in the 1936 Presidential Election
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2000), 15.

21. Leuchtenberg,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 152.

22. Eugene Gerhart,
America’s Advocate: Robert H. Jackson
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 125–27; Ickes,
Diary
, 2:282–83.

23. New York
Times
, October 24, 1935.

24. Leuchtenberg,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 273; Robert and Helen Lynd,
Middletown in Transition
(New York: Harcourt, 1937), 489.

25. J. E. Kaufmann and W. H. Kaufmann,
The Sleeping Giant: American Armed Forces Between the Wars
(Westport, CT: Praeger Press, 1996), 12.

26. Paul Johnson,
Modern Times: A History of the World from the Twenties to the Nineties
, rev. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 97.

27. Arthur D. Morse,
While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy
(New York: Ace, 1968), 38.

28. Ibid.

29. Mark Mazower,
Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth
Century (New York: Knopf, 1999), 27.

30. Harold Ickes,
The Secret Diary of Harold Ickes
, 3 vols. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1954), 2:274.

31. Julius W. Pratt,
The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy
, vol. XII, Cordell Hull, 1933–44, vol. I (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1964), 311.

32. Guenther Lewy,
The Cause That Failed: Communism in American Political Life
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 179.

33. Joseph E. Davies, “What We Didn’t Know About Russia,”
Reader’s Digest
, 40 (March 1942), 45–50, which was taken from his
Mission to Moscow
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1941) and is quoted in Filene,
American Views of Soviet Russia
, 145.

34. Davies, “What We Didn’t Know,” 145.

35. Henry Morgenthau Jr., “The Morgenthau Diaries, IV: The Story of Lend Lease,”
Colliers
, October 18, 1947, 16–17, 71–74.

36. New York
Times
, April 29, 1939; Norman Baynes,
The Speeches of Adolf Hitler
, 2 vols. (London: Oxford, 1942), 2:1605–56.

37. Johnson,
Modern Times
, 370–71.

38. James F. Dunnigan and Albert A. Nofi,
Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You About the Greatest, Most Terrible War in History
(New York: Quill/William Morrow, 1994), 46–47; John Ruggiero,
Neville Chamberlain and British Rearmament: Pride, Prejudice, and Politics
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999).

39. FDR quoted in Morgenthau, “Morgenthau Diaries, IV,” 72.

40. Wayne S. Cole,
Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932–45
(Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1983).

41. Tindall and Shi, America, 2:1311.

42. Thomas E. Mahl,
Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States
(Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998), 44.

43. Ibid., 74.

44. Ibid., 77.

45. J. Garry Clifford, “Grenville Clark and the Origins of Selective Service,”
Review of Politics
35 (January 1973), 33.

46. Arthur Herman,
Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America’s Most Hated Senator
(New York: Free Press, 2000), 73.

47. Vandenberg, quoted in Cole,
Roosevelt and the Isolationists
, 328.

48. Walter L. Hixson,
Charles Lindbergh: Lone Eagle
(New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 105.

49. Mazower,
Dark Continent
, 141.

50. Leuchtenberg,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, 312.

 

Chapter 17. Democracy’s Finest Hour, 1941–45

1. L. Mosely,
Hirohito: Emperor of Japan
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966), 207; Nagano, speaking to Prime Minister Konoe Fumimaro, on September 27, 1940, quoted in Edwin T. Layton, with Roger Pineau and John Costello,
And I Was There: Pearl Harbor and Midway—Breaking the Secrets
(New York: Morrow, 1985), 72.

2. Mosely,
Hirohito
, 208.

3. Courtney Browne,
Tojo: The Last Banzai
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967), 116.

4. Ibid., 110.

5. H. P. Willmott, with Tohmatsu Haruo and W. Spencer Johnson,
Pearl Harbor
(London: Cassell & Co., 2001), 47.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid., 40.

8. Robert B. Stinnett,
Day of Deception: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor
(New York: Free Press, 2000), 19.

9. James F. Dunnigan and Albert Nofi,
Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You About the Greatest, Most Terrible War in History
(New York: Quill, 1994), 288.

10. John F. Bratzel and Leslie B. Rout Jr., “Pearl Harbor, Microdots, and J. Edgar Hoover,”
American Historical Review
, December 1982, 1346–47.

11. Gordon Prange, with Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon,
Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986), 308.

12. Gerhard Weinberg,
Germany, Hitler, and World War II
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1955).

13. Patrick J. Buchanan,
A Republic, Not an Empire
(Washington: Regnery, 1999).

14. Paul Johnson,
Modern Times: A History of the World, from the Twenties to the Nineties
(New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 410.

15. J. E. Kaufmann and W. H. Kaufmann,
The Sleeping Giant: American Armed Forces Between the Wars
(Westport, CT: Praeger Press, 1996), 174.

16. Hanson,
Carnage and Culture
, 366.

17. Frank Matthias,
The GI Generation: A Memoir
(Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2000).

18. Dunnigan and Nofi,
Dirty Little Secrets
, 26.

19. Mark Harrison, ed.,
The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), fig. 1.6, 15–16.

20. David M. Glanz and Jonathan M. House,
The Battle of Kursk
(Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 1999), 39.

21. Ibid., 37.

22. Ibid., 37–38.

23. Dunnigan and Nofi,
Dirty Little Secrets
, 162–63.

24. Roper Poll done for
Fortune
magazine, 1941, cited in
The American Enterprise
, January/ February 2003, 60.

25. Gallup Polls done in 1945, 1943, cited in
The American Enterprise
, 62.

26. Davidson, et al.,
Nation of Nations
, 956.

27. Burton Folsom, “What’s Wrong with the Progressive Income Tax?”
Viewpoint on the Public Issues
, May 3, 1999.

28. Davidson, et al.,
Nation of Nations
, 958.

29. Larry Schweikart,
The Entrepreneurial Adventure: A History of Business in the United States
(Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, 2000), 545.

30. Wayne S. Cole,
Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932–45
(Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1983), 14, 26, 99.

31. Johnson,
Modern Times
, 407–08.

32. Ronald W. Clark,
Einstein: The Life and Times
(New York: Avon, 1999), chap. 20, passim; Albert Einstein,
Out of My Later Years
(Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1956).

33. Clark,
Einstein
, 682–83.

34. Quoted in Johnson,
Modern Times
, 408.