A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (44 page)

8.
Assertive children speak more loudly than shy ones. / Shy children don’t speak as loudly as assertive ones.

9.
Madonna’s home is decorated more lavishly than mine. / My home is decorated less lavishly than Madonna’s.

10.
The British athletes were running more slowly than their Ethiopian counterparts. / The Ethiopian athletes were running faster than their British counterparts.

Task two ***

1.
South Africa is more populous than IRELAND, CANADA and AUSTRALIA / less populous than the UNITED KINGDOM. // The UNITED KINGDOM is the most populous / Ireland is the least populous of the five countries.

2.
Canada is more sparsely populated than the UNITED KINGDOM, IRELAND and SOUTH AFRICA / more densely populated than AUSTRALIA. // The UNITED KINGDOM is the most densely / AUSTRALIA is the most sparsely populated country.

3.
The UNITED KINGDOM has a lower birth rate than IRELAND, AUSTRALIA and SOUTH AFRICA / a higher birth rate than CANADA. // SOUTH AFRICA has the highest / CANADA has the lowest birth rate.

4.
IRELAND has a younger population than the UNITED KINGDOM, CANADA and AUSTRALIA / an older population than SOUTH AFRICA.
// SOUTH AFRICA has the youngest / the UNITED KINGDOM has the oldest population.

5.
CANADIANS live longer than BRITISH, IRISH and SOUTH AFRICAN people / shorter than CANADIANS. // CANADIANS LIVE longest / SOUTH AFRICANS live shortest.

6.
IRELAND has a wider gender gap than … / a narrower gender gap than … // CANADA has the widest / SOUTH AFRICA has the narrowest gender gap.

7.
AUSTRALIA is richer than … / poorer than … // The UNITED KINGDOM is the richest … / SOUTH AFRICA is the poorest …

8.
CANADA is wetter than … / drier than … // AUSTRALIA is the wettest … / The UNITED KINGDOM is the driest …

9.
SOUTH AFRICA has a warmer climate than … / a colder climate than … // AUSTRALIA has the warmest … / CANADA has the coldest climate.

10.
SOUTH AFRICA is further/farther away from the UNITED KINGDOM than … / closer to the the UNITED KINGDOM than … // AUSTRALIA is furthest/farthest away … / IRELAND is closest to the UNITED KINGDOM …

Task three (suggested answers) **

1.
Simpson writes more elegantly than Williams.

2.
Pete plays baseball better than Chuck.

3.
Lady Carcrash drives more recklessly than Lord Slowlane.

4.
Americans support euthanasia less ardently than Europeans.

5.
Sarah believes as firmly in life after death as Monica.

6.
Keith Michell didn’t act as brilliantly as John Gielgud.

7.
Barbara protested less peacefully than Sarah.

8.
Andrikos doesn’t speak English as fluently as Conchita.

9.
Arthur works much harder than Hyacinth.

10.
Sybil swims more energetically than Dorothy.

11.3. Comparison 3

Sections 228–229; 233

Task ***

got worse and worse; more and more worried; the longer they waited; the greater the risk; angrier and angrier / more and more angry; as food got
scarcer and scarcer / more and more scarce; the louder their complaints; the sooner their plight; more and more aware; more and more speedily.

11.4. Comparison 4

Sections 230–232

Task one (suggested answers) ***

1. to go on holiday in Australia; 2. to be left to work on their own; 3. I don’t think I should drive to work; 4. that he would even believe his own lies; 5. to give evidence; 6. that I’ll have to get a porter to help me; 7. to be moved; 8. that I won’t bother to attend his lectures; 9. to understand our strengths and weaknesses; 10. that I just stayed indoors all day; 11. to ask any questions about the job; 12. that she’s certain to be promoted next time; 13. to accept that there can be peace with that group; 14. as his decision to get married last year; 15. than she thinks.

Task two ***

1.
Anne is earning so little that she can’t afford to go on holiday in Australia.

Anne is earning too little to be able to go on holiday in Australia.

2.
The trainees weren’t experienced enough to be left to work on their own.

The trainees were so inexperienced that they couldn’t be left to work on their own.

3.
The fog is too dense for me to drive to work.

The fog isn’t thin enough for me to drive to work.

4.
Tony is so foolish as to believe his own lies.

Tony is foolish enough to believe his own lies.

5.
The witness was so afraid that she couldn’t give evidence.

The witness wasn’t calm enough to give evidence.

6.
The suitcase isn’t light enough for me to carry alone.

The suitcase is too heavy for me to carry alone.

7.
The patient was so weak that she couldn’t be moved.

The patient wasn’t strong enough to be moved.

8.
Professor Puniverse is too boring for me to bother to attend his lectures.

Professor Puniverse isn’t interesting enough for me to bother to attend his lectures.

9.
We had been practising so long that we understood our strengths and weaknesses.

We had been practising too long not to understand our strengths and weaknesses.

10.
It had been snowing too heavily for me to leave the house.

It had been snowing heavily enough for me to stay indoors.

11.
Some of the interviewees were so nervous that they didn’t ask any questions about the job.

Some of the interviewees weren’t calm enough to ask questions about the job.

12.
Ms Lovelace works so hard that she’s certain to be promoted next time.

Ms Lovelace works hard enough to be promoted next time.

13.
The President is realist enough not to accept that there can be peace with that group.

The President is so realistic that he won’t accept that there can be peace with that group.

14.
Ted’s sudden departure was as surprising as his decision to get married last year.

Ted departed so suddenly that we were as surprised as when he got married last year.

15.
Tracy’s poor marks at school aren’t as worrying as she thinks.

Tracy’s poor marks at school cause her to worry more than she needs to.

UNIT TWELVE

Addition, exception and restriction

12.1. Addition

Sections 234–235

Task one ***

1.
The play was far too long; it was also badly acted.

2.
At the party Bianca sang and danced too.

3.
The department offers a BA in political science. In addition, it serves the community in various ways.

4.
Besides speaking English and Russian, Jane spoke fluent Arabic.

5.
In addition to building the South, slaves created the wealth of the North.

6.
As well as being a frequent guest on NBC’s
Weekend Today
, Ms Moore has done more than 200 television interviews.

7.
In addition to having hundreds of hotels and motels, Arkansas has more than 170 bed and breakfast inns.

8.
As well as being absolutely necessary, a good guide is very affordable.

9.
The Amazon rain forest faces peril, and another Brazilian jewel too.

10.
Not only do we have a tradition of sparkling wine, but we have also just begun brewing beer.

11.
Prisoners of war received the same rations and supplies, and comparable medical care as well.

12.
Healthy aging depends not only on physical activity but also on social activity.

Task two **

12.2. Exception

Section 236

Task **

1. otherwise; 2. bar; 3. except for; 4. but; 5. apart from; 6. except that; 7. else; 8. except; 9. even; 10. except for; 11. otherwise; 12a. apart from; 12b. else

12.3. Restriction

Sections 237–238

Task (suggested answers) ***

UNIT THIRTEEN

Information, reality and belief

13.1. Questions and answers

Sections
240–242; 536–541; 609–612; 681–683

Task one *

1.
Are they going to build a new bridge across the river?

2.
Can motorists park in the town square on Sundays?

3.
Has Arthur lived in South Africa all his life?

4.
Were two gunmen killed by the security forces yesterday?

5.
Will inflation start rising again in the next few months?

6.
Did Charlotte catch pneumonia last winter?

7.
Is skin-diving Uncle Toby’s favourite pastime?

8.
Had patients been waiting for hours before seeing a doctor?

9.
Should these measures have been taken years ago?

10.
Does the postman always ring twice?

11.
Was Susan disappointed after the job interview?

12.
Does the principal have a fourteen-year-old daughter?

Task two **

1. Who; 2. Which; 3. What/Which; 4. Who; 5. What; 6. Which; 7. What; 8. Whose; 9. Who; 10. Which; 11. Why; 12. How; 13. Where; 14. When; 15. How

Task three **