A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (46 page)

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Authors: Dr. Edward Woods,Rudy Coppieters

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Task three ***

1a.	The applicants were (probably) not interviewed at all. (scope of ‘not’: interviewed)
1b.	The applicants were interviewed by someone else. (scope of ‘not’: interviewed by the human resources officer)
2a.	I (probably) haven’t discussed the children’s future with anyone at all. (scope: discussed the children’s future)
2b.	I have discussed the children’s future with someone else. (scope: discussed the children’s future with my wife)
3a.	There (probably) isn’t going to be a demonstration at all. (scope: going to stage a demonstration)
3b.	There’s going to be a demonstration at another time. (scope: going to stage a demonstration next week)
4a.	I (probably) didn’t offend Patricia at all. (scope: offend Patricia)
4b.	I offended Patricia in some other way. (scope: offend Patricia by telling her she looked a bit under the weather)
5a.	I don’t vote for them and the reason is that I want to please my dad. (scope: vote for the New Democrats)
5b.	I vote for them but the reason is not that I want to please my dad. (scope: vote for the New Democrats to please my dad)
6a.	The patient (probably) didn’t suffer any pain anywhere. (scope: suffer any pain)
6b.	She suffered pain while she was somewhere else. (scope: suffer any pain while she was in hospital)
7a.	The party leader was not re-elected and the reason was the smear campaign. (scope: re-elected)
7b.	The party leader was re-elected but the smear campaign was not the reason. (scope: re-elected as a result of a smear campaign)
8a.	Monica collided with the van but she didn’t get injured. (scope: get injured)
8b.	Monica was injured by something else. (scope: get injured when she collided with the van)
9a.	I (probably) haven’t been able to contact Jack at all. (scope: been able to contact Jack)
9b.	I’ve been able to contact Jack by some other means. (scope: been able to contact Jack on my mobile phone)
10a.	I didn’t want to see Sylvia and the reason was that I felt depressed. (scope: want to see Sylvia).
10b.	I wanted to see Sylvia but the reason was not that I felt depressed. (scope: want to see Sylvia because I felt depressed)

Task four ***

1a.	outside; 1b. I have seen some of the famous Walt Disney films, but not all.
2a.	inside; 2b. Alice hasn’t visited the Taj Mahal up to now, but she may in the future.
3a.	inside; 3b. We’d never been notified of the health risks involved.
4a.	outside; 4b. Young Mr Plimsoll sometimes attends Professor Barnaby’s lectures, but not always.
5a.	inside; 5b. Nobody was around to show me the way to the boardroom.
6a.	outside; 6b. Look, we’ve already got enough problems.
7a.	outside; 7b. The problem with Terry is that there are times when he doesn’t listen to what I’m saying.
8a.	inside; 8b. The suspect said he wasn’t involved in the recent spate of burglaries.
9a.	inside; 9b. There is no sign so far that relations between the two countries are improving, but there may be in the future.
10a.	inside; 10b. This untalented and boorish ‘artist’ should never be allowed in here again.
11a.	outside – inside; 11b. There are some more applicants to see.
12a.	outside – inside; 12b. It’s not possible that the bus has arrived and none of the stranded passengers have been picked up.

Task five **

As I was looking for the fruit juice this morning, I found there was SCARCELY any left in the refrigerator. I wondered why there was so LITTLE of it so early in the week, but NEITHER Pam NOR Ruth could give a reasonable explanation. “Well,” I sighed, “I suppose there’s NOTHING to be done about it.”

Going back to the refrigerator, I also found that there were very FEW oranges left. And as for grapefruits, there were NONE whatsoever. This was something that had NEVER happened before. I was about to ask Pam and Ruth again, but they were NOWHERE to be seen any more. As I had NOBODY to turn to now, I saw NO option but to hurry to the shop around the corner. RARELY had I felt so let down by my two roommates, sending me off to the grocer’s on an empty stomach like this.

Task six **

As I was looking for the fruit juice this morning, I found there was VERY LITTLE left in the refrigerator. I wondered why there WASN’T MORE of it so early in the week, but Pam AND Ruth couldN’T give a reasonable explanation. “Well,” I sighed, “I suppose there ISN’T ANYTHING to be done about it.”

Going back to the refrigerator, I also found that there WEREN’T MANY oranges left. And as for grapefruits, there WEREN’T ANY AT ALL. This wasN’T something that had EVER happened before. I was about to ask Pam and Ruth again, but they WEREN’T ANYWHERE to be seen. As I hadN’T ANYONE to turn to now, I DIDN’T SEE ANY option but to hurry to the shop around the corner. I HADN’T OFTEN felt so let down by my two roommates, sending me off to the grocer’s on an empty stomach like this.

13.9. Denial and affirmation 2

Section
263;
586–587

Task one ***

1.
NO news is good news.

2.
Hubert gave me a NOT ENTIRELY CONVINCING reply.

3.
NOT MANY of the students disliked their history teacher.

4.
It is NOT UNUSUAL for tribespeople to behave in this extraordinary way.

5.
A NOT UNIMPORTANT detail was overlooked by all those present.

6.
Beatrice did sell her caravan, but NOT WITHOUT some regret.

7.
Most observers agreed that the workers’ demands were NOT (ENTIRELY) UNREASONABLE.

8.
NO electricity means that people have to live in primitive circumstances.

9.
In spite of everything, NOT ALL of these deprived children are UNHAPPY.

10.
The President will visit South Korea in the NOT-TOO-DISTANT future.

11.
Dyslexia in children NOT INFREQUENTLY goes unrecognized for years.

12.
We can put off the scheme for some time, but NOT INDEFINTELY / NOT FOR (TOO) LONG.

Task two **

1.
I tiptoed through the room (SO AS) NOT TO wake up the sleeping toddler.

2.
NOT BEING ABLE TO tell the difference between the twins, I asked them both to wear name tags.

3.
The ideal solution would be FOR DRIVERS NOT TO think of their vehicles as race cars.

4.
NOT BEING rich doesn’t necessarily mean that you are unhappy.

5.
Mr Templar was the only person NOT TO drink a single drop of alcohol.

6.
Laura was livid with rage AT NOT BEING invited to the wedding party.

7.
The instructor began by telling us how NOT TO respond in an emergency situation.

8.
One student objected to NOT HAVING access to the Internet.

9.
Most observers expect THERE NOT TO be too many problems.

10.
NOT KNOWING where to go, I simply decided to stay at home.

Task three **

Amy:	Boris, I DON’T think I’LL be coming to your party after all.
Boris:	No problem. I DON’T suppose ANYBODY will miss you.
Amy:	What a rude thing to say! I DON’T believe you REALISE how badly some of your guests behaved last month.
Boris:	Well, I DON’T expect that bunch of lager louts WILL show up this time. They haven’t been invited.
Amy:	Oh, good. You see, I DIDN’T THINK I would have ANY chance at all of enjoying myself with them around.
Boris:	Look, I’m sorry about what I said. I DON’T suppose you WOULD be willing to change your mind?
Amy:	Hmm. I DON’T feel I SHOULD give in too easily. I can be very stubborn, you know.
Boris:	Yes, I do know that. Still, I WOULDN’T expect you TO BE too stubborn, just for my sake.
Amy:	Turning on the old charm again? OK, you win. I DON’T think I SHOULD make you feel miserable for the rest of your life.
Boris:	Great! I DIDN’T believe I could EVER win you over. Thanks for proving me wrong.

13.10. Denial and affirmation 3

Sections
264–269;
611–612

Task one **

1.
There
will
be an inquiry (but it may not be held until next
month
).

2.
It
is
going to be built (but not in
this
part of the city).

3.
I
did
n’t buy it (I found it in the
at
tic).

4.
They
did
n’t arrive late (they were here in
time
).

5.
I
can
lend a hand (if they are not
too
heavy).

6.
It
does
n’t have secret funds (neither
here
nor
abroad
).

7.
I
don’t
keep refusing to learn a foreign language (I’m studying
Spanish
).

8.
They
should
get upset (they don’t want to encourage
truan
cy.)

9.
He
does
n’t deserve praise (his innovations are
worth
less).

10.
They
aren’t
coming over (they are staying at
home
).

11.
She still
does
want to see you (but first you should a
po
logise to her).

12.
Someone
has
called an ambulance (but it collided with a
van
).

Task two **

Lynn:	Mark, are YOU interested in history?
Mark:	NO, I’M NOT, I think it’s extremely boring.
Lynn:	You are not being serious.
Mark:	YES, I AM. People should be interested in the future, not in the past.
Lynn:	I hope you understand that SOME people take an interest in the past.
Mark:	YES, I DO. It’s just that I’ve always disliked the subject.
Lynn:	You probably had teachers who insisted on students remembering lots of dates.
Mark:	NO, I DIDN’T, as a matter of fact. One of them even got the dates wrong himself.
Lynn:	Well, he can’t have been fully qualified for the job.
Mark:	NO, HE WASN’T. He told us one day that Napoleon had died in 1812.
Lynn:	Oh, he should have said 1821, of course.
Mark:	YES, HE SHOULD. And he claimed that the Battle of Waterloo had taken place in 1805.
Lynn:	That was an even more stupid thing to say.
Mark:	YES, IT WAS. So I became convinced that history was a subject for nerds.
Lynn:	And you didn’t want to become a nerd yourself.
Mark:	NO, I DIDN’T. That’s why I started reading science fiction novels instead. They are the most interesting books I can think of.
Lynn:	THEY ARE NOT. Nothing’s more boring than sci-fi. Anyway, librarians will take such unscientific books off the shelves in the years to come.
Mark:	NO, THEY WON’T. Some of those books are works of literature. You’ve never read Wells, Huxley … Orwell, I suppose.
Lynn:	YES, I HAVE.
Mark:	Well, there you are! We seem to agree at last.