A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (45 page)

Task four ***

What is the name of one of Africa’s most active volcanoes?

How many volcanoes are there along the borders of Rwanda, Congo and Uganda?

When was Nyiragongo last active?

What happened in its summit crater?

How serious is the latest eruption compared with the one in 1994?

How fast can lava from Nyiragongo travel?

How far might the lava go and what might happen?

Who said lava could react with gas in the lake?

What did Bill Evans of the US Geological Survey say?

What is the gas composed of?

How could it affect local people living around the lake?

Where are Nyiragongo and another active volcano located?

Which border does the Virunga mountain range straddle?

How many of Africa’s historical eruptions are the pair responsible for?

Task five ***

What is your name?

Where and when were you born?

Did you always live in Cape Town?

Did you go to school in Durban?

Did you go to university in South Africa?

Why did they do that?

Which university did you go to?

Do you have any foreign languages?

How did you pay for that?

Are you looking for a full-time job now?

How much do you want?

Do you have / Have you (got) any references?

13.2. Questions and answers 2

Sections
243–244

Task ***

1.
Are some of the candidates unsuitable for the job?

2.
Did you see all of the candidates?

3.
It won’t make any difference?

4.
Have they ever been successful?

5.
Are any of them being taken care of?

6.
Not many people knew about it?

7.
You had already met all of them?

8.
Have you written to any of them?

9.
They protest sometimes?

10.
There’s no one on earth who can?

11.
It’s not going to get better at all?

12.
Couldn’t it make a big difference for some of them?

13.3. Questions and answers 3

Sections
245–248; 612; 684

Task one *

1. isn’t he; 2. did they; 3. can you; 4. don’t they; 5. won’t it; 6. is it; 7. haven’t there; 8. shouldn’t they; 9. doesn’t she; 10. have they; 11. aren’t they; 12. would they

Task two ***

1.
Who wants to visit what?

2.
Who did you give it away to, and why?

3.
Who is going where?

4.
How did you kill it, and when?

5.
How many did she order, and for when?

6.
Who is who?

7.
Where have you put what?

8.
Who was driving how fast?

9.
Where and when is it going to take place?

10.
Who stayed on to do what?

13.4. Responses

Sections
249–252; 22–23

Task one (suggested answers) **

I see; Yeah; That’s right; No; Really; Sure; Uhuh; Of course; Thank you; Indeed

Task two **

Task three **

1.
What did you lose? / You lost what?

2.
He considers himself an excellent driver? / An excellent driver?

3.
He should have his head examined? / His head examined?

4.
What did she become? / Became what?

5.
Where did you spend two months? / Spent two months where?

6.
You’re going to buy a speedboat next summer? / Buy a speedboat?

7.
How much did he earn? / He earned how much?

8.
You admire body builders for their big muscles? / Body builders for their big muscles?

9.
When was she born? / She was born when?

10.
The government wants to privatise the prison system? / Privatise the prison system?

11.
Who’s a specialist in medieval manuscripts? / Brother who?

12.
Why did they kill the hamsters? / Killed them for what?

13.5. Omission of information

Sections
253–255

Task one (suggested answers) ***

There certainly is.; True enough.; Oh, no.; You can’t do that.; Excellent.; They are?; I suppose they could.; Not sure about that.; You mean that?; Rubbish.

Task two **

1. Not so fast! 2. Some more? 3. Not fair. 4. Want a drink? 5. Can’t understand you. 6. Help! 7. Well done! 8. Oh God! 9. Democrats forever. 10. Sorry! 11. (Beg your) pardon? 12. Excuse me!

13.6. Reported statements

Sections
256–258

Task one **

1.
Edith said that she was leaving for Thailand that evening.

2.
A spokesman declared that two suspects had been caught by the police the day before.

3.
Helen confided to her friends that she didn’t want to stay there for the rest of her life.

4.
The weatherman added that there would also be widespread frost the next day.

5.
The drunken driver claimed that he hadn’t touched a drop of alcohol since the previous week-end.

6.
The chairman told his audience that they couldn’t imagine what the situation had been like two years before.

7.
Replying to the detective, Tom refused to reveal the truth then because he was being blackmailed.

8.
Susan promised Mark that, if he lent her his sportscar for a day or two, she would invite him to her party.

9.
The old couple explained to the social worker that they hadn’t realised he/she was taking care of those problems.

10.
The Secretary-General emphasised that the United Nations must become more active if the organisation was to keep its credibility.

11.
The doctor warned his patient that he/she might be in pain for a few days, but he/she would definitely feel better by the end of that week.

12.
The principal told the parents that it was regrettable that children watched so many violent programmes on TV these days.

Task two (a) *

C
ARE CUTS PUT
OAP
S
’ ‘
LIVES AT RISK
’

The government is putting the lives of elderly people at risk and is jeopardizing its own plans to reform the health service,
according to a report published on Thursday, 31 January 2002
.

It says
residential care and support in people’s own homes is being rationed and more than a million old people are suffering as a result.

A spokesperson stresses
that the report was compiled by 21 organizations, including Help the Aged, Age Concern and the Alzheimer’s Society.

It suggests
that, while the National Health Service might grab the headlines and the lion share of resources, social care is in crisis.

There are more old people than ever, yet the number receiving support in their own homes is actually falling with only the most needy qualifying for help,
the document says
.

Some 35,000 residential care beds have been lost in the past three years,
it adds
.

The organizations claim
that many elderly people do not receive the help they need with washing, dressing and other forms of personal care.

Others have to wait, sometimes in NHS hospital beds, because they cannot be discharged anywhere else.

Ministers acknowledge
that funding for social care has not kept up with the health service.

The report suggests
that, without substantial investment, the problems in this area could jeopardize attempts to modernize the NHS.

(slightly adapted from
www.bbc.co.uk
, 31 January 2002)

Task two (b) ***

C
ARE CUTS PUT
OAP
S
’ ‘
LIVES AT RISK
’

A report published on Thursday 31 January 2002 said that the government was putting the lives of elderly people at risk and was jeopardising its own plans to reform the health service.

It said that residential care and support in people’s own homes was being rationed and more than a million old people were suffering as a result.

A spokesman stressed that the report had been compiled by 21 organisations, including Help the Aged, Age Concern and the Alzheimer’s Society.

It suggested that, while the National Health Service might have grabbed the headlines and the lion share of resources, social care was in crisis.

The document said that there were more old people than ever, yet the number receiving support in their own homes was actually falling with only the most needy qualifying for help.

It added that some 35,000 residential care beds had been lost in the previous three years.

The organisations claimed that many elderly people did not receive the help they needed with washing, dressing and other forms of personal care.

They also claimed that others (had) had to wait, sometimes in NHS hospital beds, because they couldn’t be discharged anywhere else.

Ministers acknowledged that funding for social care had not kept up with the health service.

The report suggested that, without substantial investment, the problems in this area could jeopardise attempts to modernise the NHS.

(slightly adapted from
www.bbc.co.uk
, 31 January 2002)

13.7. Indirect questions

Sections
259–260; 681

Task **

1.
Margaret suddenly asked her roommate if she was right-handed or left-handed.

2.
The consultant asked the personnel manager which of those candidates he/she preferred.

3.
Mr Patten kept wondering why the council couldn’t put off the meeting until the next day.

4.
The talk show host asked the superstar if he/she had ever suffered from stage fright.

5.
The insurance man asked what had caused the car crash on the railway bridge two days before.

6.
The nurse wanted to know if he/she might/could give the patient two pills instead of one.

7.
The inquisitive woman asked the shop assistant where exactly they stored the yoghurt.

8.
The 10-year old wondered if parents had taught their children good manners in the 1970s.

9.
I wanted to know which platform the number 17 bus left from.

10.
The PR woman inquired whether the foreign delegation would start arriving that afternoon.

11.
The learner driver asked the instructor how he/she should reverse the car. (or: … how to reverse the car)

12.
I wondered if I should send a card or a bunch of flowers. (or: … whether to send a card or a bunch of flowers)

13.8. Denial and affirmation 1

Sections
261–262;
581–585; 610–611; 697–699

Task one *

1.
I have not been here before. / I haven’t been here before.

2.
We will not be running out of money shortly. / We won’t be running out of money shortly.

3.
Charles does not teach English to Asian immigrants. / Charles doesn’t teach English to Asian immigrants.

4.
We had not received an invitation from the local council. / We hadn’t received an invitation from the local council.

5.
Some people do not like watching soap operas. / Some people don’t like watching soap operas.

6.
I would not buy a holiday cottage if I were you. / I wouldn’t buy a holiday cottage if I were you.

7.
Jessica is not being stalked by her ex-boyfriend. / Jessica isn’t being stalked by her ex-boyfriend.

8.
Bill has not been listening to the concert. / Bill hasn’t been listening to the concert.

9.
David did not strike me as a very dedicated young man. / David didn’t strike me as a very dedicated young man.

10.
They did not build a new tunnel to link the two islands. / They didn’t build a new tunnel to link the two islands.

11.
I shall not see the leading actress after the performance. / I shan’t see the leading actress after the performance.

12.
Our gardener did not cut down the big chestnut trees. / Our gardener didn’t cut down the big chestnut trees.

Task two **