Alan Turing: The Enigma (125 page)

doubts
63
–
6
,
68
–
70

Aiken, H. H.,
see
Harvard

Air Force (British), communications of
165

Air Force (German), communications of
see under
Enigma

alcohol, used by computer
328

Alexander, A. V.
238

Alexander, C. Hugh O’D.:

as chess master
198
,
207
,
478
;

in naval Enigma
198
,
204
,
221
,
227
,
234
,
262
,
268
;

and GCHQ
496
;

and trial
464
,
472

algebra
11
,
80
,
333
,
478
;
see also

groups; word problem; Boolean algebra

Allen, Clifford
461

almost periodic functions
95
,
131

America
see
United States

analogue computer
295–7
;
see also
differential analyser; zeta-function machine

Anderson, J.
386

Andrews, A. J. P.
22
,
37
,
39
,
52

Anna Karenina
(Tolstoy)
475

Annan, Noel
397

Anti-war movement
70
–
1
,
87
;

see also
war

Apostles (Cambridge society), AMT not in
75
,
371
,
373
,
509

apples
279
,
427
;

as forbidden fruit
9
,
520
;

death from
129
,
149
,
488–9
, note
8
.
67

Appleton, E.
340

arithmetic: in mathematics,
see
numbers, theory of; Peano axioms;

on computers,
320–1
,
323
,
325
,
327–8
,
365
n,
391

Army, British:

communications of
165
;

AMT’s view of
271
,
282
,
286–7
;

OTC at school
24
,
53
,
58
;

Home Guard,
231–2

Army, US, AMT and
311–2

‘Arnold’
see
Murray, Arnold

Artificial Intelligence
see under
brain

artillery
see
ballistics

Ashby, W. Ross
359–60
,
363
,
411–2
,
469
n

Association of Scientific Workers.
118
,
364

astronomy: at school
34
,
40
,
43–6
,
51
,
55–6
;

also
450
,
452
,
454
,
490

Atanasoff, J. V.
301
n

atheism
see
religion

athletics
see
running; rowing

Atkins, James H:

friendship with AMT
75–6
,
87–8
,
129
,
136
;

after war
368
,
489
,
520
;

also
273
, note
8
.
67

Atlantic, battle of:

early period
194–5
,
200–2
,
217–9
,
222–4
;

crisis of
234–6
,
240
,
242–5
,
259–62
;

Allied supremacy
263
,
288–9
,
312
;

atomic fission:

AMT’s early knowledge
149–50
,
312
,
344
;

in USA (Los Alamos)
251
,
300
,
302
,
304
,
312
;

in Britain
350
,
392–3
,
438
,
440
,
502
n;

see also
hydrogen bomb

Augenfeld, Robert
150–1
,
157–9
,
193
,
206
,
239
,
264
,
389
,
396
,
427–8
,
465

Austen, Jane
426
,
475

Austria: skiing
88
,
482–3
;

Anschluss
144
;

Nazi persecution
150–1
,
153
,
193
,
264
;

Wittgenstein
153
,
381

automata
see under
Turing machine; brain

Automatic Computing Engine
see
ACE

B. Dienst
(German
cryptanalysis)
189
,
253
,
259–62

B-star wrangler
see
examinations

Babbage, Charles

known of by AMT
297
;

compared with AMT
298
,
363
;

Analytical Engine
109
,
297–8
,
317
;

related to 1937–45 machines
299
,
301–2
;

related to computer
303–4
,
323–4
;

see also
Lovelace, Lady Ada

Back to Methuselah
(Shaw)

AMT sees
72
;

allusions
74
,
78–9
,
127
,
143
,
158
,
266
,
362
,
417

Baer, R.
123
,
129

Balchin, Nigel
286

ballistics: use of ENIAC for
301
,
332–3
;

use of ACE for
332–3
,
335
n,
362

Banburismus, Banbury
197
,
233

Bates, Audrey
401

Bates, John A. V.
412

Baudot-Murray code
228
,
270–1
,
399
,
482
n

Bayes, Thomas
196
;
see under

probability

Bayley, Donald: as Delilah assistant
273–4
,
276
,
278
,
284–8
;

takes over Delilah
290
,
345–6
;

as wartime colleague
279–84
,
289
,
517
;

and ACE plans
295
,
307
,
314–6
;

post-war contact
339
,
345
,
366
,
373
,
395
,
438
,
479
,
480
,
496
,
520

Bayly, Prof.
252
,
271

BBC
see under
radio

Behaviourism
98
,
107
n,
291
,
379–81
,
416–7
,
471

Bell Laboratories (New York):

AMT at
245–53
,
274
,
286
;

speech encipherment at
245–8
,
252
;

relay calculator at
299

Bennett, Christopher
446
,
484

Bennett, John N. P.
47–8

Bensly, W. J.
32

Beobachter Dienst see B. Dienst

Bernal, J. D.
140
n,
404
,
524

Bernays, P.
117
,
119
,
133

Beuttell, Alfred W.
56
,
68–9
,
136
,
272

Beuttell, Gerard
136

Beuttell, Ida A.
55–6
,
68

Beuttell, Victor F.
55–8
,
68–9
,
114–5
,
127
,
136
,
272
,
381

Bevin, Ernest
311

bicycles, AMT and
20–1
,
89
,
209
,
279
,
345
,
387
,
395
,
489

binary numbers
see under
numbers

biology
see
under growth; brain; genetics; molecular biology; hormones

Birch, Frank
161
,
187

Birkhoff, G. D.
123

birth (of AMT)
5

bishops
122–3
,
128
,
287
,
418
,
474
,
505

Bismarck
200–1

bit (of information)
250
;
see also
numbers, binary

Black, Gordon
489

Blackett, P.M.S.: in war
230
,
307
n;

and Manchester computer
340–2
,
349
,
376
,
393
;

as socialist
364
,
393
,
509
;

and trial
465

Blackpool
496

Blarney, M. H.
30–1
,
36
,
45–8
,
52
,
69

Blenkins, Mr
10
,
11

Bletchley, Bletchley Park:

location
160
;

see under
GC and CS for work at;

see also
Shenley

boats, boating:

rowing
62
,
76
,
89
,
115
,
354
;

canoeing
115
;

sailing
114
,
136
,
158
,
369–70

‘Bob’ see
Augenfeld, Robert

Bohnenblust, H. F.
145

Bombes (machines for Enigma analysis):

Polish
175–6
,
181
n

British
176
–
185
,
201
,
211
,
277
;

development of
181
,
184
,
191
,
204
,
220–1
,
252
;

crisis over
224–7
,
235–6
;

American
235–6
,
262–3
;

related to computer
181
n,
293
,
296
,
323
,
329

Boole, G.
139

Boolean algebra
138–9
,
251–2
,
271

Boolean (logical) functions on computers
320
,
365
n,
409

Booth, A.
393

Boothby, Robert
505

Borel, E.
212

Born, M.
86

Bosham, Sussex
158
,
369–70

botany,
see
plants; daisy; fir cone

Boughey, C. L. F.
30–2
,
58–9

Brabazon, Lord
505

brain: childhood reading about
12–3
,
17
,
28
,
291
,
379
;

problem of mind and
63–6
,
69
;