Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (145 page)

74
  
Political Justice
(1793 edn.), II, 565

75
  Ibid., I, 335, 168

76
  
Anarchist Writings
, op. cit., pp. 172–3

77
  Ibid., p. 173

78
  Ibid., p. 77

79
  Ibid., pp. 123, 121

80
  Quoted in my
William Godwin
, op. cit., p. 343

1
    R. W. K. Paterson,
The Nihilistic Egoist: Max Stirner
(Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 292–3. See also pp. 102, 127

2
    Albert Camus,
L’Homme révolté
(Paris: Gallimard, 1951), p. 83

3
    Herbert Read,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 165

4
    See C. J. Arthur, ‘Introduction’, Marx & Engels,
The German Ideology
(Lawrence & Wishart, 1970), p. 23

5
    Quoted by Paterson,
The Nihilistic Egoist
, op. cit., p. 117

6
    Kropotkin,
Ethics
, op. cit., p. 338; Mussolini, quoted in Joll,
The Anarchists
, op. cit., p. 155

7
    See John P. Clark,
Max Stirner’s Egoism
(Freedom Press, 1976), pp. 87–90; James J. Martin,
Men against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827–1908
(Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, 1970), p. 250

8
    Max Stirner,
The False Principle of Our Education
(Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, 1967), p. 23

9
    Stirner,
The Ego & Its Own
, trans. Steven Byington (Rebel Press, 1982), pp. 346–7. This edition is a reprint of the English translation by Byington entitled
The Ego and His Own
and published by the Libertarian Book Club in 1963.

10
  Ibid., p. 354

11
  Ibid., p. 143

12
  David McLellan,
The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx
(New York: Praeger, 1969), p. 119

13
  Stirner,
The Ego & Its Own
, op. cit., p. 32

14
  Ibid., pp. 43, 39

15
  Ibid., p. 182

16
  Ibid., p. 182

17
  Ibid., pp. 296–7

18
  Ibid., p. 5

19
  Ibid., p. 138

20
  Ibid., pp. 305–6

21
  Ibid., p. 161

22
  See Clark,
Max Stirner’s Egoism
, op. cit., p. 30

23
  Stirner,
The Ego & Its Own
, op. cit., p. 359

24
  Ibid., p. 162

25
  Ibid., p. 291

26
  Ibid., p. 205

27
  Ibid., p. 320

28
  Ibid., p. 296

29
  Ibid., p. 189

30
  Ibid., p. 5

31
  Ibid., p. 157

32
  Ibid., p. 169

33
  Ibid., p. 159

34
  Ibid., p. 167

35
  Ibid., p. 191

36
  Ibid., p. 358

37
  Ibid., p. 227

38
  Ibid., pp. 224, 308

39
  Ibid., p. 115–16, 197

40
  Ibid., p. 223

41
  Ibid., pp. 195, 226

42
  Ibid., p. 257

43
  Ibid., p. 179

44
  Ibid., p. 312

45
  Ibid., p. 309

46
  Ibid., pp. 119–20

47
  Ibid., p. 256

48
  Ibid., p. 118

49
  Ibid., p. 241

50
  Ibid., p. 332

51
  Ibid., pp. 197, 116

52
  Ibid., p. 316

53
  Cf. Clark,
Max Stirner’s Egoism
, op. cit., pp. 57–8

54
  Stirner,
The Ego & Its Own
, op. cit., p. 161

55
  Ibid., pp. 179, 209

56
  Ibid., p. 310

57
  See Stirner,
Kleinere Schriften und seine Entgegnungen auf die Kritik seines Werkes: Der Eiznige und sein Eigentum
(Berlin: Schuster und Loeffler, 1898), p. 164

58
  Goldman,
Anarchism and Other Essays
, op. cit., p. 44

59
  Marx & Engels,
The German Ideology
, op. cit., p. 26. Cf.
The Ego & Its Own
, op. cit., p. 96

60
  Ibid., p. 74

1
    
Selected Writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
, ed. Stewart Edwards, trans. Elizabeth Fraser (Macmillan, 1969), p. 88
(hereafter referred to as SW)

2
    Proudhon,
System of Economic Contradictions or the Philosophy of Poverty
(1846), SW, p. 231

3
    Proudhon to Maurice, 25 February 1848, SW, p. 155;
Correspondence
(Paris, 1874–5), VI, 313

4
    Marx,
The Holy Family
, quoted by Edward Hyams,
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: His Revolutionary Life, Mind and Works
(John Murray, 1979), p. 40

5
    
Bulletin de la Fédération Jurassienne
, 39 (24 September 1884); quoted by Jean Maitron,
Histoire du mouvement anarchiste en France (1880–1914)
(Paris: Société Universitaire, 1955), p. 32

6
    Quoted by George Woodcock, ‘On Proudhon’s “What is Property?”’,
Anarchy
106 (December 1969), p. 353

7
    See Alan Ritter,
The Political Thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhan
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), pp. 198–9; Paul Avrich, ‘Proudhon and America’,
Anarchist Portraits
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1988), pp. 14–17

8
    See, for instance, René Dumont,
False Start in Africa
(1966)

9
    See Louis Dimier,
Les Meîtres de la contre-révolution an XIXème siècle
(Paris, 1907); J. Salwyn Schapiro, ‘Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Harbinger of Fascism’,
American Historical Review
, L (1945), 714–37; Henri Bachelin,
P.-J. Proudhon, socialiste national
(Paris, 1941); and Ritter,
Proudhan
, op. cit., pp. 7–8

10
  Proudhon to Pierre Leroux, 7 December, 1849, SW, p. 197

11
  
Confessions of a Revolutionary
(1849) (1851 edn.), p. 31

12
  
Justice in the Revolution and the Church
(1858), SW, p. 261

13
  
Economic Contradictions
, op. cit., SW, p. 223

14
  
The Utopian Vision of Charles Fourier
, ed.
Jonathan Beecher & Richard Bienvenu (Boston: Beacon, 1972), p. 1

15
  Alexis de Tocqueville,
The Old Regime and the French Revolution
(New York: Anchor, 1955), p. 57

16
  Quoted in Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., p. 29

17
  Proudhon,
What is Property?
(1840) (1841 edn.), p. v

18
Confessions
(1849), op. cit., SW, p. 241

19
  See Stirner,
The Ego & Its Own
, op. cit., p. 251

20
  Quoted in Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 21

21
  Proudhon,
What is Property?
, op. cit., SW, p. 89

22
  Ibid., p. 89n

23
On the Creation of Order in Humanity
(1843), SW, pp. 226, 227n, 224

24
  
Confessions
, op. cit., SW, pp. 237, 71

25
  Marx,
The Holy Family
, quoted in Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., p. 40

26
  Proudhon to Marx, 17 May 1846,
Confessions
, op. cit., SW, pp. 150–1

27
  Marx to P. V. Annenkov in Paris, 23 December 1846, Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
(Lawrence & Wishart, 1968), p. 669

28
  See Shlomo Avineri,
Karl Marx: Social and Political Thought
(Cambridge University Press, 1971), p. 71

29
  Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
, op. cit., pp. 59, 260. See also Paul Thomas,
Kerl Marx and the Anarchists
op. cit., for a very one-sided account of the relationship.

30
  Proudhon,
Confessions
(1851 edn.), op. cit., p. 147

31
  
Economic Contradictions
, op. cit., quoted in Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître: anthologie de l’anarchisme
(Paris: Maspero, 1972), I, 57

32
  
Economic Contradictions
, op. cit., SW, p. 231; Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., I, 55

33
  
Economic Contradictions
, op. cit., SW, p. 223

34
  Quoted in Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., pp. 85–6

35
  
Economic Contradictions
, op. cit., SW, p. 58

36
  
Political Contradictions: Theory of the Constitutional Movement in the 19th Century
(1863–4), SW, p. 60

37
  
War and Peace
(1861), SW, p. 260

38
  
Journal du Peuple
(8–15 November 1848), Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., pp. 84, 83

39
  Ibid., p. 62

40
  Quoted in
Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 111

41
  
General Idea of the Revolution in the 19th Century
(1851) (1923 edn.), p. 132

42
  Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., pp. 93, 173

43
  Proudhon,
The Social Revolution Vindicated by the Coup d’Etat of December Second
(1852) (1936 edn.), p. 177

44
  
Confessions
(1851 edn.), op. cit., pp. 12, 31

45
  
General Idea of the Revolution
, quoted in Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., p. 182

46
  
General Idea of the Revolution
, quoted in Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., p. 86

47
  
Carnets
(1843–1864), X, 52

48
  
General Idea of the Revolution
, quoted in Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 15–16

49
  Ibid., in Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op cit., pp. 96–7

50
  
General Idea of the Revolution
(1923 edn.), pp. 374, 378

51
  
Correspondance
(Paris, 1875), IV, 149

52
  
Confessions
(1929 edn.), p. 236

53
  
General Idea of the Revolution
(1923 edn.), p. 116

54
  Ibid., quoted in Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., p. 91

55
  
General Idea of the Revolution
, op. cit., SW, p. 97

56
  Proudhon to Bergmann, March 1854, quoted in Hyams,
Proudhon
, op. cit., p. 210