Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (147 page)

53
  Quoted in Kaminski, p. 179

54
  Peter Kropotkin,
Memoirs of a Revolutionist
, ed. J. A. Rogers (Cresset, 1988), p. 133

55
  See Avrich, ‘Bakunin and the United States’,
Anarchist Portraits
, op. cit., pp. 16–31

56
  A. I. Herzen,
Sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh
(Moscow, 1954–65), XI, 360; Herzen to Bakunin, 20 August 1863

57
  
Bakunin
, II, 273–4

58
  ‘Réflexions philosophiques sur le fantôme divin, le monde réel, et l’homme’,
Oeuvres
, op. cit., III, 397

59
  See Marx to Engels, 4 November 1864, Wilson, p. 283

60
  Bakunin to Herzen and Ogarev, 19 July 1866, Lehning, p. 59

61
  Dol., p. 76. Guérin reproduces in his anthology
Ni Dieu ni Maître
the two related texts ‘The Programme of the Brotherhood’ and the ‘Revolutionary Catechism’ from Nettlau’s handwritten biography of Bakunin in their original French and argues that they are the ‘least known and perhaps the most important of Bakunin’s anarchist writings’ (Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., p. 169). A shortened version of the manuscript is also reprinted in Lehning, pp. 64–93

62
  Ibid., pp. 93, 94

63
  Dol., pp. 76, 78

64
  Lehning, p. 20

65
  Dol., p. 88

66
  Ibid., pp. 77, 78

67
  Kaminski, p. 214

68
  Dol., pp. 79, 80–81

69
  Ibid., pp. 89, 99, 95

70
  Ibid., p. 100

71
  Ibid., pp. 83, 82

72
  Ibid., p. 96; Guérin,
Ni Dieu ni Maître
, op. cit., I, 170

73
  Dol., pp. 98, 85

74
  Wilson, p. 277

75
  Kelly, p. 179

76
  Dol., p. 103

77
  Ibid., p. 129

78
  Ibid., pp. 125, 147

79
  Ibid., pp. 133, 134

80
  Kelly, p. 179

81
  Marx to F. Bolte, 23 November 1871, Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
, op. cit., p. 682

82
  James Guillaume, ‘Michael Bakunin: A Biographical Sketch’, Dol., p. 38

83
  Dol., p. 157

84
  Ibid., pp. 162, 166, 167

85
  Ibid., p. 152

86
  Ibid., pp. 154–5

87
  Ibid., p. 158

88
  See Marx to F. Bolte, 23 November 1871, Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
, op. cit., pp. 682–3; Nikolai Ivanov,
Karl Marx: A Short Biography
(Moscow: Novosti Press, 1982), p. 176

89
  Kaminski, p. 222

90
  Bakunin to Guillaume, 13 April 1869, Kelly, p. 270

91
  Kelly, p. 266. For a French translation, see M. Confino,
Violence dans la violence. Le débat Bakounine - Necaev
(Paris, 1973), pp. 100–5

92
  Carr, p. 379

93
  Bakunin to Sergei Nechaev, 2 June 1870,
Archives
, IV, 114, 125, 106–7. Carr (p. 386) argues from internal evidence that both the
Principles of Revolution
and
Catechism of a Revolutionary
were written by Bakunin. On the other hand, Kelly follows Steklov (
Bakunin
, III, 463–5) by asserting that Bakunin wrote the
Principles
and that, because of the similarities in style and content, he probably helped edit Nechaev’s
Catechism
(Kelly, pp. 271, 269). At the same time, P. Pomper (
Sergei Nechaev
(New Brunswick, NJ: 1979), pp. 79–83) assigns authorship of
The Principles
to Nechaev, as does Paul Avrich, ‘Bakunin and Nechaev’,
Anarchist Portraits
, op. cit., p. 40

94
  See
Letter to a Frenchman
, Kelly, p. 212; and
Statism and Anarchy, Archives
, III, 174

95
  Marx, quoted in Lehning, p. 284

96
  Dol., p. 184

97
  Ibid., pp, 207, 206

98
  Ibid., p. 200

99
  Ibid., pp. 189, 209

100
  Quoted in Eugene Schulkind (ed.),
The Paris Commune of 1871: The View from the Left
(Cape, 1972), p. 39; Bakunin to Albert Richard, 1871, pp. 180–1

101
  Ibid., pp. 245, 256, 249

102
Ibid., p. 182

103
Kelly, p. 193

104
The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State
, ed. Nicolas Walter (Cira, 1971)

105
The Essential Works of Anarchism
, ed. Marshall S. Shatz (New York: Bantam, 1971), p. 134
(hereafter referred to as Shatz)

106
Shatz, p. 135

107
Ibid., pp. 136, 138

108
Max., p. 58

109
Shatz, 130–1

110
Dol., p. 271

111
Max., p. 83

112
Shatz, p. 126

113
Max., p. 95

114
Shatz, p. 127

115
Dol., p. 308

116
Shatz, 147

117
Max., pp. 88, 90

118
Ibid., pp, 136, 157

119
Dol., p. 271

120
Ibid., p. 257

121
Michael Bakunin: Marxism, Freedom and the State
, ed. K. J. Kenafick (Freedom Press, 1984), p. 16
(hereafter referred to as Ken.)

122
Ken., p. 17

123
Dol., p. 257

124
Max., 165

125
Dol., pp. 237–8

126
Ken., p. 17

127
Lehning, p. 65

128
Dol., pp. 245, 238

129
Max., p. 249

130
Dol., pp. 240, 239, 241

131
Max., p. 239

132
Shatz, p. 141

133
Ibid., p. 143

134
Dol., p. 238

135
Shatz, pp. 144–5

136
Ibid., pp. 147, 149, 153

137
Ibid., p. 152

138
Kelly, p. 255; Carr, p. 435

139
Shatz, p. 147

140
Saltman,
Bakunin
, op. cit., p. 150

141
Kelly, p. 196; Isaiah Berlin,
A Remarkable Decade: Russian Thinkers
(1978), p. 107. Cf. Chomsky’s Introduction to Guérin’s
Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. x-xi

142
Dol., p. 269

143
Ibid., p. 330

144
Ibid., p. 337

145
Max., p. 224

146
Ibid., pp. 354, 346, 196

147
Ibid., pp. 241, 240

148
Dol., pp. 221, 224

149
Max., p. 214

150
Dol., pp. 329, 332

151
Archives
, III, 149

152
Dol, pp. 262–3

153
Dol., p. 263

154
Max., pp. 373, 269

155
Dol., pp. 325, 270

156
Max., pp. 267, 341, 295

157
Ibid., pp. 328, 341, 328, 345

158
Ibid., pp. 372, 376, 413

159
Dol., p. 264

160
Lehning, p. 214

161
Marx, ‘Civil War in France’, Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
, op. cit., pp. 292, 294

162
Dol., pp. 292, 295

163
Marx to F. Bolte, 23 November 1871, Marx and Engels,
Selected Works
, op. cit., pp. 682–3

164
Engels to Theodor Cuno, 24 January 1872,
Marx and Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy
, ed. L. S. Feuer (Fontana, 1979), p. 481

165
Archives
, II, 276

166
Marx and Engels,
Basic Writings
, op. cit., pp. 521, 522

167
Dol., p. 303

168
Materialy
, III, 263–4

169
Dol., p. 38

170
Max., p. 44

171
Lehning, Bakunin’s Conceptions of Revolutionary Organizations and their Role: A Study of his Secret Societies’,
Essays in Honour of E. H. Carr
, ed. C. Abramsky (1974), p. 74

172
Dol., p. 277

173
Shatz, p. 126

174
Dol., p. 282

175
Ibid., pp. 310–11

176
Max., pp. 227, 325, 235

177
Dol., pp. 280, 294

178
Ibid., p. 309.

179
Bakunin
, IV, 316

180
Bakunin to Elisée Reclus, 15 February 1875, Dol., pp. 354–5

181
Bakunin
, III, 119

182
See Marx’s commentary to Bakunin’s
Statism and Anarchy
, Marx, Engels & Lenin,
Anarchism and Anarcho-syndicalism
, op. cit., p. 152

183
Carr, pp. 439–40

184
Shatz, p. 142

185
Mendel, p. 425

186
Aldred,
Bakunin
, op. cit., p. 31

187
Joll,
The Anarchists
, op. cit., p. 67

188
Shatz, p. 164

189
Ken., p. 17

190
See Clark, ‘Marx, Bakunin, and Social Revolution’,
The Anarchist Moment
, op. cit., 73–4

191
Kelly, p. 186

192
See Avrich, ‘The Legacy of Bakunin’, in
Anarchist Portraits
, op. cit., pp. 5–15

1
    See Martin A. Miller,
Kropotkin
(Chicago University Press, 1976), p. 12

2
    Quoted by George Woodcock & Ivan Avakumović,
The Anarchist Prince: A Biographical Study of Peter Kropotkin
(T. V. Boardman, 1950), p. 15

3
    Ibid., p. 23

4
    Peter Kropotkin,
Memoirs of a Revolutionist
, ed. Allen Rogers (Cresset, 1988), p. 91

5
    Ibid., p. 84

6
    Ibid., pp. 147–8

7
    
The Commune of Paris
, ed. Nicolas Walter (Freedom Press, 1971)

8
    Kropotkin, quoted in Avrich, ‘The Paris Commune’,
Anarchist Portraits
, op. cit., p. 23

9
    ‘Modern Science and Anarchism’,
Kropotkin’s Revolutionary Pamphlets
, ed. Roger Baldwin (New York: Vanguard Press, 1927), p. 166

10
  
Memoirs
, op. cit., p. 185