Europe: A History (246 page)

CSABA 1
. Arpad’s Tale, ‘The Skyway of the Warriors’, after Kate Seredy,
The Good Master
(Budapest), trans, into English (London, 1937), 92–6.

DANNEBROG 1
. B. Rying,
Denmark: History
(Copenhagen, 1988), 39.

DANUVIUS 1
. See C. Magris,
Danube: a sentimental journey from the source to the sea
(London, 1989).
2
. Dimitrie Radu,
Pasarile din Delta Dunarii
(Birds of the Danube Delta) (Bucharest, 1979).
3
. See A. Demangeon, L. Febvre,
Le Rhin: problèmes d’histoire et d’économie
(Paris, 1935).

DASA 1
. John D. Barrow,
Pi in the Sky: Counting, Thinking and Being
(Oxford, 1992), 60–3.
2
. C. Kephart,
Sanskrit: its origin, composition and diffusion
(Strasburg, VA, 1949); also K. Srinivasachari,
Learn Sanskrit in Thirty Days
(Madras, 1987).
3
. See G. Flegg,
Numbers: Their History and Meaning
(London, 1983); A. Lillo,
The Ancient Greek Numeral System
(Bonn, 1990).

DEMOS 1
. Peter France,
Greek as a Treat
, programme 3, BBC Radio 4,12 May 1993.
2
. See R. K. Sinclair,
Democracy and Participation in Athens
(Cambridge, 1988), and E. M. Wood,
Peasant-Citizen and Slave
(London, 1988), both reviewed in P. Cartledge, ‘The First Popular Government’,
TLS
, 6–12 Jan. 1989.
3
. T. G. Masaryk, inaugural address, 23 Dec. 1918.

DESSEIN 1
. C. Pfister, ‘Les “OEconomies Royales” de Sully et le grand dessein de Henri IV’,
Revue historique
, 56 (1894), 304–39.
2
. D. J. Buisseret,
Sully and the Growth of Centralised Government in France, 1598–1610
(London, 1968).
3
. See F. H. Hinsley,
Power and the Pursuit of Peace
(Cambridge, 1967), 24 ff.

DEVIATIO 1
. Thomas Szasz,
The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement
(London, 1971).
2
. P. Reddaway (ed.),
Uncensored Russia: The Human Rights Movement in the Soviet Union
(London, 1977); S. Bloch,
Russia’s Political Hospitals: The Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union
(London, 1977); S. Bloch and P. Reddaway,
Soviet Psychiatric Abuse: The Shadow over World Psychiatry
(Boulder, Colo., 1985); Vladimir Bukovsky,
To Build a Castle: My Life as a Dissenter
(London, 1978).

DIABOLOS 1
. N. Forsyth,
The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth
(Princeton, NJ, 1987); reviewed by G. Steiner,
TLS
, 1–7 Apr. 1988.

DING 1
. Kirsten Hastrup,
Culture and History in Mediaeval Iceland: An Anthropological Analysis of Structure and Change
(Oxford, 1985).
2
. S. Lindal, ‘Early Democratic Traditions’, in E. Allardt (ed.),
Nordic Democracy: Ideas, Issues and Institutions
(Copenhagen, 1981).

DIRHAM
1
. The Risãlah oflbn Fadlãn
, (trans, and introd. J. E. McKeithen (Ph.D. thesis, Indiana Univ., 1979), quoted by T. S. Noonan, ‘The Impact of the Silver Crisis in Islam upon Novgorod’s Trade with the Baltic’, in
Oldenburg-Wolin-Staraja Ladoga-Novgorod-Kiev:
Handel und Handlesverginbungen im sŰdlichen und Östlichen Ost-seeraum während des frühen Mittelalters
(Kiel, 1987), 411–47.
2
. T. S. Noonan, ‘Dirhams from Early Mediaeval Russia’,
Journal of the Russian Numismatic Society
(USA), 17 (1984–5), 8–12.
3
. M. Sternberger,
Die Schatzfunde Gotlands der Wikingerzeit
(Lund, 1947).
4
. After I. Andersson,
History of Sweden
(London, 1962), 18. Andersson’s translation of‘Rus’ as ‘Swedes’ is acceptable in this period.

DOLLAR 1
. See D. R. Cooper,
Coins and Minting
(Princes Risborough, 1983), 10–16.
2
. J. Hans,
Maria-Teresien Taler: zwei Jahrhunderte
(Leiden, 1961).

DÖNHOFF 1
. See Roman Aftanazy,
Dzieje rezydencji na dawnych kresach Rzeczpospolitej
(The History of the Great Houses in the Former Borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) (11 vols., Wroclaw, 1991), illustrated.
2
. Marion DönhofF,
Kindheit in Ostpreussen
(Berlin, 1988); trans, as
Before the Storm: Memoirs of My Youth in Old Prussia
(New York, 1990), 204.

DOUAUMONT 1
.
Voir et comprendre Verdun: Champ de bataille, environs
(Drancy, 1981);
Ouverture à la visite du champ de bataille
(Fleury-devant-Douaumont, n.d.). See Alistair Home,
The price of glory: Verdun 1916
(London, 1993).
e = mc
²
1
. See J. Schwartz,
Einstein for Beginners
(Exeter, 1979), 2—a quotation which appears in various forms. See M. White and J. Gribbin,
Einstein: A life in Science
(New York, 1993); reviewed by R. Dinnage, ‘Man of Science Agog’,
TLS
, 17 Dec. 1993.

ECO 1
. From Plato’s
Critias-
, quoted by Clive Ponting,
A Green History of the World
(London, 1991), 76–7.
2
. Genesis ix. 1–3: God’s promise to the sons of Noah; Psalm viii. 5–6; Psalm cxv: 16.
3
. Hazel Henderson,
Creating Alternative Futures
(1978), quoted by Ponting, 159.
4
. See Sven Forshufvid,
Assassination at St. Helena
(Vancouver, 1978); B. Weider and D. Hapgood,
The Murder of Napoleon
(London, 1982).

EESTI 1
. At the Charles Stransky Memorial Lecture, London, 20 Sept. 1993; also letter from Dr von Habsburg, 28 Sept. 1993. See also E. Uustalu,
A History of the Estonian People
(London, 1952); R. Taagepera,
Estonia: Return to Independence
(Oxford, 1993).

EGNATIA 1
.
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(Oxford, 1991), i. 679. See also R. Chevallier,
Roman Roads
(Berkeley, Calif., 1976).

EI RIK 1
. Quoted by Magnus Magnusson and H. Pálsson,
The Vinland Sagas
(London, 1965), 24–5.
2
. See Helge Ingstad,
Westward to Vinland
(New York, 1969).
3
. S. E. Morison,
The European Discovery of America
, i,
The Northern Voyages,
AD
500–1600
, ch. 3, ‘The Norsemen and Vinland’ (O.U.P.) (New York, 1971), 32–80.
4
. R. A. Skelton, T. E. Marston
et al, The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation
(New Haven, Conn., 1965). See also J. H. Parry, ‘The Vinland Story’, in
Perspectives in American History
, i (1967), 417–33; M. A. Musmanno,
Columbus Was First
(New York, 1966).
5
. Texts in Magnusson’s translation,
The Vinland Sagas
.
6
. Morison,
The European Discovery of America
, i. 61.
7
. On John Davys, see R. Hakluyt’s
Principal Navigations and Voyages… of the English nation
, A. S. Mott (ed.) (Oxford, 1929).

EL CID 1
. R. Fletcher,
The Quest for El Cid
(Oxford, 1989); C. Smith,
The Making of the ‘Poema de Mio Cid’
(Cambridge, 1983).
2
. M. H. Keen,
The Outlaws of Mediaeval Legend
(London, 1961); J. C. Holt,
Robin Hood
(London, 1989); R. B. Dobson and J. Taylor,
Rymes ofRobyn Hood: An Introduction to the English Outlaw
, rev. edn. (London, 1989).
3
. Juraj Janosik (c.1688–1713). See ‘Legenda Tatr’,
Literatura polska: Przewodnik Encyklopedyczny
(Warsaw, 1984), 553.

ELDLUFT 1
. With acknowledgement to the Open University programme ‘Oxygen’, broadcast on BBC2,26 Sept. 1992.
2
. As illustrated in J. Bronowski,
The Ascent of Man
(London, 1970), 146–7.

ELEKTRON 1
. See V. W. Hughes, H. L. Schultz,
Atomic and electron physics
(London, 1967); G. Leon,
The Story of Electricity
(New York, 1983).

ELEMENTA 1
. See J. Hudson,
The History of Chemistry
(Basingstoke, 1992); W. H. Brock,
The Fontana History of Chemistry
(London, 1992).

ELSASS 1
. F. L. ‘Huillier,
Histoire de I’Alsace
(Paris, 1947); G. Livet,
L’Europe, I’Alsace, et la France
(Colmar, 1986).
2
. E. Birke,
Silesia: A German Region
(Munich, 1968); W. J. Rose,
The Drama of Upper Silesia: A Regional Study
(Battleborough, Vt., 1935); K. Popiolek,
śąskie dzieje
(Warsaw, 1981); W. B. Goldstein,
Tausend Jahre Breslau
(Darmstadt, 1974).
3
. Rose Bailly,
A City Fights for Freedom: The Rising of Lwów, 1918–19
(London, 1958); West Ukrainian Press Agency,
The Problem of Eastern Galicia
and
The Eastern Galiáan Question
(Vienna, 1920); L. Podhorodecki,
Dzieje Kijowa
(Warsaw, 1982).

EMU 1
. See Stephen George,
Politics and Policy in the European Community
(Oxford, 1985), Ch. 9, ‘Economic and Monetary Union’.

EPIC 1
. From Stephanie Dalley,
Myths from Mesopotamia: The Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others
(Oxford, 1989).
2
. Homer,
Odyssey
, 1. i.
3
. See Stephanie West,
Assurbanipal’s Classic
, a review of Dalley, and of Maureen G. Kovacs,
The Epic of Gilgamesh
(Stanford, Calif., 1989),
London Review of Books
, 8 Nov. 1990, 23–5.

EPIDEMIA i
. See C. D. Gordon, ‘The Huns’, in
The Age of Attila
(Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966), 55–111.
2
. A. Nikiforuk,
The Fourth Horseman
(London, 1991), ch. 5, ‘The Smallpox Conquest’.
3
. Ibid. 14.

EPIGRAPH
1
. C1L
xii. 7070; quoted by R. Bloch,
L’Épigraphie latine
(Paris, 1952), 59.
2
.
CIL
vi. 701; quoted by Bloch,
L’Épigraphie latine
, 83.
3
.
CIL
xiii. 3, fase. 2,10021; quoted by Bloch,
L’Épigraphie latine
, 102. See also D. Feissel
et ah, Guide de Vépigraphiste
(Paris, 1986).

EROS
1
. K. L. von Pollnitz,
Le Saxe galante, or The Amorous Adventures of Augustus of Saxony
…
translated by a Gentleman of Oxford
(London, 1750).
2
. Norman Davies,
God’s Playground: A History of Poland
(Oxford, 1981), i. 493–5.
3
. In Cambridge.

ETRUSCHERIA 1
. Quoted by M. Finley, ‘The Etruscans and Early Rome’, in
Aspects of Antiquity
(London, 1968), 115.
2
. ‘The Etruscans and Europe’, Galéries du Grand Palais, 15 Sept.-14 Dec. 1992, in
Le Petit journal des grandes expositions
, 237 (Paris, 1992).
3
. D. H. Lawrence,
Etruscan Places
(1927), quoted by Finley, ‘The Etruscans and Early Rome’, 100.

EULENBURG 1
. James D. Steakly, ‘Iconography of a Scandal: Political Cartoons and the Eulenburg Affair in Wilhelmian Germany’, in M. B. Dubermann
et al
. (eds.),
Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past
(New York, 1989; London, 1991), 233–63.
2
. B. Inglis,
Roger Casement
(London, 1973); H. O. Mackey,
The Crime Against Europe: The Writings and Poetry of R. Casement
(Dublin, 1958); Richard Ellmann,
Oscar Wilde
(London, 1987).
3
. M. Baumont,
L’Affaire Eulenberg et les origines de la Guerre Mondiale
(Paris, 1933); quoted by Steakley, ‘Iconography of a Scandal’, 235.
4
. E. J. Haeberle, ‘Swastika, Pink Triangle, and Yellow Star: the Destruction of Sexology and the Persecution of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany’, in Dubermann
et al
. (eds.),
Hidden from History
, 365–82.

EULER 1
. Petr Beckmann,
A History of PI
(New York, 1971), 147–57.

FAMINE 1
. Cecil Woodham-Smith,
The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–49
(London, 1962), 91.
2
. Ibid. 19.
3
. Roy Foster,
Modern Ireland: 1600–1972
(London, 1988), 325.
4
. Quoted by A. Nikiforuk, ‘The Irish Famine’, in
The Fourth Horseman
(London, 1991), 123.
5
. From Lady Wilde, ‘The Exodus’, in C. Morash (ed.),
The Hungry Voice: Poetry of the Irish Famine
(Dublin, 1989), 219; S. Cronin,
Irish Nationalism: a history of its roots and ideology
(New York, 1980).

FARAON 1
.
The National Monument of the Santa Cruz de Valle de los Caldos: a tourist guidebook
(Madrid, 1961).

FAROE 1
. L. K. Schei and G. Moberg,
The Faroe Islands
(London, 1991), ch. 5, ‘Political Awakening’.

FATIMA 1
. J. Delaney,
A Woman Clothed in the Sun
(Dublin, 1991), 194. See also M. De la Sainte Trinité,
The Third Secret ofFatima
(Chulmleigh, 1986).
2
. See T. Tindale-Robertson,
Fatima, Russia, and Pope John Paul II
(Chulmleigh, 1992).
3
. See M. Parham, ‘With God on Our Side’,
Independent Magazine
, 4 Dec. 1993; also the quarterly
Medjugorje Messenger
(London, 1986– ).

FAUSTUS 1
. Goethe,
Faust
, pt. ii, ll. 12,073–5.
2
.
The Oxford Companion to German Literature
, 173.

FEMME
1
. Translated for
Wollstonecraft, Women, and the French Revolution
, an exhibition at University College, London, 1992.
2
. See Sara E. Melzer and Leslie W. Rabine (eds.),
Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution
(Oxford, 1992).

FIESTA 1
. Federico de Cesco,
Viva Europa: Die Hundert schonsten Volksfeste
(Zurich, n.d.).

FLAGELLATIO 1
. C. Bertelli, ‘The Flagellation’, in
Piero della Francesca
(New Haven, Conn., 1991), 115–26; C. Ginzburg,
The Enigma of Piero: The Baptism, the Arezzo Cycle: The Flagellation
(London, 1985); K. Clark,
Piero della Francesca
(London, 1969).
2
. R. Wittkower and B. A. R. Carter, ‘The Perspective of Piero della Francesca’s “Flagellation’’’,
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
, 16 (1953), 292–302.
3
. Bertelli, ‘The Flagellation’, 115–16.
4
. John Pope-Hennessy,
The Piero della Francesca Trail
(23rd Walter Neurath Lecture) (London, 1993), 10; also his ‘Whose Flagellation?’,
Apollo
, 124 (1986), 162–5.
5
. Alison Cole,
Perspective
(London, 1992).
6
. See Michael Woods,
Perspective in Art: A Drawing Tutor
(London, 1984).
7
. Cole,
Perspective
24.
8
. J. Berger,
Ways of Seeing
(London, 1972); also
The European Way of Seeing
(London, 1972).