Authors: Aki Peritz,Eric Rosenbach
Find, Fix, Finish (46 page)
117
Ibid., 80.
Ibid., 80.
118
Ibid.
Ibid.
119
Grey, “CIA Rendition.”
Grey, “CIA Rendition.”
120
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings
, 81.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings
, 81.
121
Ibid.
Ibid.
122
Ibid.
Ibid.
123
Ibid.
Ibid.
124
Ibid., 82.
Ibid., 82.
125
Douglas Jehl, “The Reach of War: Prewar Intelligence; High Qaeda Aide Retracted Claim of Link with Iraq,”
New York Times
, July 31, 2004.
Douglas Jehl, “The Reach of War: Prewar Intelligence; High Qaeda Aide Retracted Claim of Link with Iraq,”
New York Times
, July 31, 2004.
126
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 353.
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 353.
127
Dick Cheney, interview, CNBC, June 17, 2004,
http://kucinich.house.gov/UploadedFiles/artII1I.pdf
.
Dick Cheney, interview, CNBC, June 17, 2004,
http://kucinich.house.gov/UploadedFiles/artII1I.pdf
.
128
Michael Isikoff, “Iraq and Al-Qaeda: Forget the Poisons and Deadly Gases,”
Newsweek
, July 5, 2004.
Michael Isikoff, “Iraq and Al-Qaeda: Forget the Poisons and Deadly Gases,”
Newsweek
, July 5, 2004.
129
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 353.
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 353.
130
Ibid., 354.
Ibid., 354.
131
At least four HVDs have recanted information provided under interrogation. In addition to al-Libi, they include Khalid Shaykh Mohammed. See Peter Finn, Joby Warrick, and Julie Tate, “How a Detainee Became an Asset,”
Washington Post
, August 29, 2009; David Rose, “Tortured Reasoning,”
Vanity Fair
, December 16, 2008; James Risen,
State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 33; and “Unclassified Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024 (Abu Zubaydah),” 15. On Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, see Craig Whitlock, “Probe of USS Cole Bombing Unravels,”
Washington Post
, May 4, 2008. On Abu Zubaydah, see “Unclassified Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10016” (Abu Zubaydah).”
At least four HVDs have recanted information provided under interrogation. In addition to al-Libi, they include Khalid Shaykh Mohammed. See Peter Finn, Joby Warrick, and Julie Tate, “How a Detainee Became an Asset,”
Washington Post
, August 29, 2009; David Rose, “Tortured Reasoning,”
Vanity Fair
, December 16, 2008; James Risen,
State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 33; and “Unclassified Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024 (Abu Zubaydah),” 15. On Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, see Craig Whitlock, “Probe of USS Cole Bombing Unravels,”
Washington Post
, May 4, 2008. On Abu Zubaydah, see “Unclassified Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10016” (Abu Zubaydah).”
132
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 232.
Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 232.
133
Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, discussion with author, April 8, 2009.
Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, discussion with author, April 8, 2009.
134
John McLaughlin, discussion with author, November 3, 2009.
John McLaughlin, discussion with author, November 3, 2009.
135
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Report on the US Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq
, 253.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Report on the US Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq
, 253.
136
Ibid., 363.
Ibid., 363.
137
Pat Roberts and John Rockefeller,
News Conference on the Release of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Report
, July 9, 2004,
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38650–2004Jul9.html
.
Pat Roberts and John Rockefeller,
News Conference on the Release of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Report
, July 9, 2004,
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38650–2004Jul9.html
.
138
Ibid.
Ibid.
139
Dianne Feinstein, letter to Senator Pat Roberts, July 29, 2005,
http://feinstein.senate.gov/05releases/r-intel-robrts.pdf
.
Dianne Feinstein, letter to Senator Pat Roberts, July 29, 2005,
http://feinstein.senate.gov/05releases/r-intel-robrts.pdf
.
140
Defense Intelligence Agency, letter to Senator John Rockefeller IV, October 26, 2005,
levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2005/DIAletter.102605.pdf
.
Defense Intelligence Agency, letter to Senator John Rockefeller IV, October 26, 2005,
levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2005/DIAletter.102605.pdf
.
141
Ibid.
Ibid.
142
Ibid.
Ibid.
143
Daniel Douglass, “Democrats Seek Report on Prewar Iraq Intel,”
Washington Post
, November 6, 2005.
Daniel Douglass, “Democrats Seek Report on Prewar Iraq Intel,”
Washington Post
, November 6, 2005.
144
Ibid.
Ibid.
145
Ibid.
Ibid.
146
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings
, 76.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings
, 76.
147
Ibid., 77.
Ibid., 77.
148
Ibid., 78.
Ibid., 78.
149
Ibid.
Ibid.
150
Jonathan Weisman, “Iraq’s Alleged Al-Qaeda Ties Were Disputed Before War; Links Were Cited to Justify US Invasion, Report Says,”
Washington Post
, September 9, 2006.
Jonathan Weisman, “Iraq’s Alleged Al-Qaeda Ties Were Disputed Before War; Links Were Cited to Justify US Invasion, Report Says,”
Washington Post
, September 9, 2006.
151
William Delahunt, Edward Markey, and Jerrold Nadler, letter to President Bush, May 24, 2007,
http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2870&Itemid=141
.
William Delahunt, Edward Markey, and Jerrold Nadler, letter to President Bush, May 24, 2007,
http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2870&Itemid=141
.
152
Camille al-Tawil, “US Reportedly Hands Over to Libya Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi,”
Al-Hayat
, May 3, 2006; Mayer,
Dark Side
, 134.
Camille al-Tawil, “US Reportedly Hands Over to Libya Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi,”
Al-Hayat
, May 3, 2006; Mayer,
Dark Side
, 134.
153
Peter Finn, “Detainee Who Gave False Iraq Data Dies in Prison in Libya,”
Washington Post
, May 12, 2009.
Peter Finn, “Detainee Who Gave False Iraq Data Dies in Prison in Libya,”
Washington Post
, May 12, 2009.
154
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
155
Ibid.
Ibid.
156
Ibid. See also Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2010: Events of 2009,” 539,
www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/wr2010.pdf
.
Ibid. See also Human Rights Watch, “World Report 2010: Events of 2009,” 539,
www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/wr2010.pdf
.
157
Ibid.
Ibid.
158
Ibid.
Ibid.
159
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
160
“Detainee Who Gave False Iraq Data Dies in Prison in Libya”; William Maclean, William Lamine Ghanmi, and Alison Williams, “Libya Reports Prison Suicide of Top Qaeda Man,” ABC News/Reuters, May 11, 2009.
“Detainee Who Gave False Iraq Data Dies in Prison in Libya”; William Maclean, William Lamine Ghanmi, and Alison Williams, “Libya Reports Prison Suicide of Top Qaeda Man,” ABC News/Reuters, May 11, 2009.
161
Mark Hosenball and Michael Isikoff, “Death in a Libyan Jail Cell,”
Newsweek
, May 16, 2009; “Libya Reports Prison Suicide of Top Qaeda Man.”
Mark Hosenball and Michael Isikoff, “Death in a Libyan Jail Cell,”
Newsweek
, May 16, 2009; “Libya Reports Prison Suicide of Top Qaeda Man.”
162
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
163
“Death in Libya: The Reported Suicide of a Prisoner Who Falsely Linked Saddam Hussein to Al-Qaeda Surprises Human-Rights Workers and Lawyers for Other Top Terror Detainees”; Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
“Death in Libya: The Reported Suicide of a Prisoner Who Falsely Linked Saddam Hussein to Al-Qaeda Surprises Human-Rights Workers and Lawyers for Other Top Terror Detainees”; Heba Morayef, discussion with author, July 2, 2009.
164
Ibid.
Ibid.
165
Human Rights Watch, “Libya/US: Investigate Death of Former CIA Prisoner,” May 11, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/05/11/libyaus-investigate-death-former-cia-prisoner
.
Human Rights Watch, “Libya/US: Investigate Death of Former CIA Prisoner,” May 11, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/05/11/libyaus-investigate-death-former-cia-prisoner
.
166
State Department,
Daily Press Briefing
, May 12, 2009,
www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2009/05/123282.htm
.
State Department,
Daily Press Briefing
, May 12, 2009,
www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2009/05/123282.htm
.
167
Richard Helms, “Intelligence in American Society,”
Studies in Intelligence
, Summer 1967, 15.
CHAPTER 6: COUNTERTERRORISM IN A WAR ZONERichard Helms, “Intelligence in American Society,”
Studies in Intelligence
, Summer 1967, 15.
1
Samantha Power,
Chasing the Flame: Sergio Vieira de Mello and the Fight to Save the World
(New York: Penguin, 2008).
Samantha Power,
Chasing the Flame: Sergio Vieira de Mello and the Fight to Save the World
(New York: Penguin, 2008).
2
Thanassis Cambanis, “Jordan’s Islamists Seek Offices Their Allies Scorn,”
New York Times,
November 16, 2007.
Thanassis Cambanis, “Jordan’s Islamists Seek Offices Their Allies Scorn,”
New York Times,
November 16, 2007.
3
Anne Marie Weaver, “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,”
Atlantic,
July–August 2006.
Anne Marie Weaver, “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,”
Atlantic,
July–August 2006.
4
Jean-Charles Brisard,
Zarqawi: The New Face of Al-Qaeda
(New York: Other Press, 2005), 13.
Jean-Charles Brisard,
Zarqawi: The New Face of Al-Qaeda
(New York: Other Press, 2005), 13.
5
Weaver, “Short, Violent Life.”
Weaver, “Short, Violent Life.”
6
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
15.
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
15.
7
Militant Ideology Atlas: Executive Report,
Combating Terrorism Center, West Point, November 2006.
Militant Ideology Atlas: Executive Report,
Combating Terrorism Center, West Point, November 2006.
8
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
31.
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
31.
9
Borzou Daragahi and Josh Meyer, “Zarqawi Attack Put Jordan Hot on His Trail,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 13, 2006.
Borzou Daragahi and Josh Meyer, “Zarqawi Attack Put Jordan Hot on His Trail,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 13, 2006.
10
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
36.
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
36.
11
Ibid., 41.
Ibid., 41.
12
Ibid., 59.
Ibid., 59.
13
Loretta Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq: Al Zarqawi and the New Generation
(New York: Seven Stories, 2005), 94–95.
Loretta Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq: Al Zarqawi and the New Generation
(New York: Seven Stories, 2005), 94–95.
14
Ibid.
Ibid.
15
Ibid., 95–96.
Ibid., 95–96.
16
Weaver, “Short, Violent Life.”
Weaver, “Short, Violent Life.”
17
Ibid.
Ibid.
18
Don Van Natta and David Johnston, “A Terror Lieutenant with a Deadly Past,”
New York Times
, February 10, 2003; “Two Killed in Amman Bomb Blast,” BBC, February 28, 2002.
Don Van Natta and David Johnston, “A Terror Lieutenant with a Deadly Past,”
New York Times
, February 10, 2003; “Two Killed in Amman Bomb Blast,” BBC, February 28, 2002.
19
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 264; Van Natta and Johnston, “Terror Lieutenant.”
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 264; Van Natta and Johnston, “Terror Lieutenant.”
20
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
87.
Brisard,
Zarqawi,
87.
21
Jeffrey Gettleman, “Zarqawi’s Journey: From Dropout to Prisoner to Insurgent Leader,”
New York Times
, July 13, 2004.
Jeffrey Gettleman, “Zarqawi’s Journey: From Dropout to Prisoner to Insurgent Leader,”
New York Times
, July 13, 2004.
22
Colin Powell, “Transcript of Powell’s U.N. Presentation, Part 9: Ties to al-Qaeda.”
Colin Powell, “Transcript of Powell’s U.N. Presentation, Part 9: Ties to al-Qaeda.”
23
James Risen, “Split at CIA and FBI on Iraqi Ties to Al-Qaeda,”
New York Times
, February 2, 2003.
James Risen, “Split at CIA and FBI on Iraqi Ties to Al-Qaeda,”
New York Times
, February 2, 2003.
24
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings About Iraq’s WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments
, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006, 92.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings About Iraq’s WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments
, 109th Cong., 2d sess., 2006, 92.
25
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 117.
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 117.
26
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 118; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings,
93.
Napoleoni,
Insurgent Iraq
, 118; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,
Postwar Findings,
93.
27
Ibid., 109.
Ibid., 109.
28
Ibid., 90.
Ibid., 90.
29
Ibid., 91.
Ibid., 91.
30
“Iraq’s Links to Terrorism,”
www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/creports/pdf/s108–301/sec12.pdf
.
“Iraq’s Links to Terrorism,”
www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/creports/pdf/s108–301/sec12.pdf
.
31
“Levin Releases Newly Declassified Intelligence Documents on Iraq–al-Qaeda Relationship,” press release by Senator Carl Levin, April 15, 2005.
“Levin Releases Newly Declassified Intelligence Documents on Iraq–al-Qaeda Relationship,” press release by Senator Carl Levin, April 15, 2005.
32
Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor,
Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq
(New York: Vintage, 2007), 145.
Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor,
Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq
(New York: Vintage, 2007), 145.
33
Gordon and Trainor,
Cobra II
, 145.
Gordon and Trainor,
Cobra II
, 145.
34
“Levin Releases Newly Declassified Intelligence Documents.”
“Levin Releases Newly Declassified Intelligence Documents.”
35
Jim Miklaszewki, “Avoiding Attacking Suspected Terrorist Mastermind,”
NBC News,
March 2, 2004.
Jim Miklaszewki, “Avoiding Attacking Suspected Terrorist Mastermind,”
NBC News,
March 2, 2004.
36
Ibid.
Ibid.
37
“Bush Turned Down Chances to Kill Zarqawi: Ex-CIA Spy,” Australian Broadcasting Company (ABC) News Online, May 1, 2006; Debbie Whitmont, “Interview: Michael Scheuer,” Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Four Corners, May 1, 2006.
“Bush Turned Down Chances to Kill Zarqawi: Ex-CIA Spy,” Australian Broadcasting Company (ABC) News Online, May 1, 2006; Debbie Whitmont, “Interview: Michael Scheuer,” Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Four Corners, May 1, 2006.
38
Miklaszewki, “Avoiding Attacking.”
Miklaszewki, “Avoiding Attacking.”
39
Jason Burke, “US Special Forces Take Fight to Fundamentalist Terror Group,”
Observer,
March 20, 2003.
Jason Burke, “US Special Forces Take Fight to Fundamentalist Terror Group,”
Observer,
March 20, 2003.
40
Barry Schweid, “Powell Renews US Demand for Recovery of Top Terror Suspects,” Associated Press, October 27, 2003; Raymond Bonner, “The Struggle for Iraq: On Alert for Al-Qaeda in Iraq, US Is Tracking 2 Suspects,”
New York Times,
September 28, 2003; Douglas Jehl, “Iran Said to Hold Qaeda’s No. 3, but to Resist Giving Him Up,”
New York Times,
August 2, 2003.
Barry Schweid, “Powell Renews US Demand for Recovery of Top Terror Suspects,” Associated Press, October 27, 2003; Raymond Bonner, “The Struggle for Iraq: On Alert for Al-Qaeda in Iraq, US Is Tracking 2 Suspects,”
New York Times,
September 28, 2003; Douglas Jehl, “Iran Said to Hold Qaeda’s No. 3, but to Resist Giving Him Up,”
New York Times,
August 2, 2003.
41
Bonner, “Struggle for Iraq.”
Bonner, “Struggle for Iraq.”
42
Sean Loughlin, “Rumsfeld on Looting in Iraq: ‘Stuff Happens,’” CNN, April 12, 2003.
Sean Loughlin, “Rumsfeld on Looting in Iraq: ‘Stuff Happens,’” CNN, April 12, 2003.
43
Power,
Chasing the Flame,
513.
Power,
Chasing the Flame,
513.
44
Ibid., 514.
Ibid., 514.
45
Philli Kurata, “U.S. Freezes Their Assets, Forbids Transactions with U.S. Nationals,” US Department of State, Washington file, September 29, 2003.
Philli Kurata, “U.S. Freezes Their Assets, Forbids Transactions with U.S. Nationals,” US Department of State, Washington file, September 29, 2003.
46
“U.S. Offers $5 Million Bounty on Embassy Bomb Suspect,” CNN, October 30, 2003.
“U.S. Offers $5 Million Bounty on Embassy Bomb Suspect,” CNN, October 30, 2003.
47
“First Audio Recording by Al-Qa’ida Leader in Iraq Abu Mus’ab Al-Zarqawi,” MEMRI, January 7, 2004.
“First Audio Recording by Al-Qa’ida Leader in Iraq Abu Mus’ab Al-Zarqawi,” MEMRI, January 7, 2004.
48
“US Expects More Attacks in Iraq,” CNN, March 31, 2004.
“US Expects More Attacks in Iraq,” CNN, March 31, 2004.
49
George Packer,
The Assassins Gate
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005).
George Packer,
The Assassins Gate
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005).
50
Dick Camp,
Operation Phantom Fury
(Minneapolis: Zenith, 2009), 4.
Dick Camp,
Operation Phantom Fury
(Minneapolis: Zenith, 2009), 4.
51
Ibid., 58.
Ibid., 58.
52
“Fallujah Stable, ‘Robust’ Manhunt for Zarqawi Under Way,” American Forces Press Service, April 13, 2004; “Alleged Al-Qaeda Iraq Chief Believed to Be in Fallujah: Coalition,” Agence France Press, April 13, 2004.
“Fallujah Stable, ‘Robust’ Manhunt for Zarqawi Under Way,” American Forces Press Service, April 13, 2004; “Alleged Al-Qaeda Iraq Chief Believed to Be in Fallujah: Coalition,” Agence France Press, April 13, 2004.
53
“Official: Al-Zarqawi Caught, Released,” CNN, December 15, 2005; “Saudi Suicide Bomber Claims Zarqawi Was Captured, Then Released,” Voice of America, December 24, 2005.
“Official: Al-Zarqawi Caught, Released,” CNN, December 15, 2005; “Saudi Suicide Bomber Claims Zarqawi Was Captured, Then Released,” Voice of America, December 24, 2005.
54
Mark Bowden, “The Ploy,”
Atlantic
, May 2007.
Mark Bowden, “The Ploy,”
Atlantic
, May 2007.
55
Loretta Napoleoni, “Profile of a Killer,”
Foreign Policy
, December 6, 2005.
Loretta Napoleoni, “Profile of a Killer,”
Foreign Policy
, December 6, 2005.
56
Piers Platt, interview, October 25, 2010.
Piers Platt, interview, October 25, 2010.
57
“Terrorist Narrowly Eludes U.S. Troops,”
Daily Telegraph
, April 27, 2005; Sean Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi; We Go Inside the Search for the Ringleader of al-Qaeda in Iraq,”
Army Times
, May 8, 2006.
“Terrorist Narrowly Eludes U.S. Troops,”
Daily Telegraph
, April 27, 2005; Sean Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi; We Go Inside the Search for the Ringleader of al-Qaeda in Iraq,”
Army Times
, May 8, 2006.
58
Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi.”
Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi.”
59
“The Hunt for Zarqawi,”
NBC Nightly News,
April 26, 2005.
“The Hunt for Zarqawi,”
NBC Nightly News,
April 26, 2005.
60
Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi.”
Naylor, “Closing in on Zarqawi.”
61
Eric Joyce, interview by author, May 5, 2010.
Eric Joyce, interview by author, May 5, 2010.
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