From the Tree to the Labyrinth (112 page)

Geyer, Bernhard, 127, 199n24, 362, 364

Gibson, James J., 581

Gil, Ferdinando, 16

Gilbert of Poitiers, 159

Gilbert, Katherine, 341

Giles of Rome (Egidius Romanus), 104, 109, 115, 307

Gilson, Etienne, 230, 232n8

Glaber, Rodulfus, 284–285

Glunz, Hans H., 340, 343

Gnoseology, 524, 560

Gnosticism, 88, 131

Godwin, Francis, 427

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 155

Gombrich, Ernst, 520–521

Goodman, Nelson, 227n5

Gorni, Guglielmo, 308

Gouguenheim, Sylvain, 280n11

Gould, Stephen Jay, 481–482

Grabmann, Martin, 243

Grammar and grammarians, 31, 46, 213, 214n42, 291; denotation and, 359; Modistae grammarians, 232, 296; of original Hebrew, 444; paronymity and, 361; transcendental grammar, 424

Grammatica Speculativa
(Thomas of Erfurt), 240

Grande Antologia Filosofica
, 340

Grazia, Roberto, 486

Great Chain of Being, 6, 33, 37, 87, 136, 170; constraints imposed by metaphysics of, 420; Llull’s trees and, 400–408

Greek language, ancient, 22, 23, 96, 97, 231, 235, 454; formation of compound words in, 446; grammar of, 296

Gregory, Tullio, 245n

Gregory of Nyssa, 187n15

Gregory of Rimini, 186

Greimas, Algirdas Julien, 551, 552, 553, 554

Grosseteste, Robert, 96n3, 97, 111, 342

Gruber, Tom R., 60

Grünbaum, Adolf, 527

Guattari, François, 54

Guichard, Estienne, 426

Guiraut de Borneill, 122–123

Guldin, Pierre, 420–421, 422

Gulliver’s Travels
(Swift), 426

Gundisalvi, Dominicus, 111, 112

Habermas, Jürgen, 583–584

Hackett, Jerremiah, 113n18

Haiman, John, 55n33

Halm, Carolus, 120, 122n7

Havet, Julien, 230

Haywood, Ian, 225n2

Hebdomad, 442

Hebrew language, 22, 23, 231, 232, 235, 408; adulterated translations of original text in, 490; grammar of, 444; letters used in Kabbalism, 386, 397, 398, 399, 411; as matrix language, 440; as perfect original language of Adam, 293, 294–295, 297, 298, 299, 300–301, 424; philology and, 286; as protolanguage, 304; representation of divine name and, 302, 303, 304; Thomassin’s dictionary of, 453

Hegel, G. W. F., 245

Heidegger, Martin, 240, 374, 441, 460, 471, 582; “death of God” and, 564, 565; on intuition, 458

Heraclitus, 84

Herbals, 30

Hermann the German (Hermannus Alemmanus), 97, 98–99, 100, 102–104, 107–108, 111, 113

Hermeneutics, 132, 242, 258, 259, 580, 582

Hermes Trismegistus (mythical), 235, 240

Hermeticism, 122, 235, 419

Herodotus, 24, 182, 306

Herren, Michael W., 122, 342n32

Hesiod, 445

Heuristics, 414

Hexaemeron
(Saint Basil), 182, 186

Hieroglyphica
(Horapollon), 192

Hieroglyphica
(Valeriano), 192

Hieroglyphics, 27, 40, 81, 229, 444

Hildegard of Bingen, 284

Hilduin, 238

Hillel of Verona, 306, 307

Hillgarth, Jocelyn N., 411n16

Hippolytus of Rome, 129n12, 256, 282

Hisperica Famina
, 122, 342n32

Histoire des Sévarambes, L’
(Vairasse), 427

Histoire naturelle
(Buffon), 183

Histoire véritable du bienheureux Raymond Lulle
(Vernon), 409

Historia animalium
[
History of Animals
] (Aristotle), 174, 182, 185

Historia Naturalis
(Pliny), 25

Historiarum libri
(Glaber), 284

Historicism, 337

Historiography, 93, 230, 242, 337, 510

History of Aesthetic
(Bosanquet), 339

History of Aesthetics
(Gilbert and Kuhn), 341

History of Aesthetics
(Tatarkiewicz), 341

History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe
(Saintsbury), 339–340

Hjelmslev, Louis, 18–19, 80, 353–354, 514, 582–583

Hobbes, Thomas, 380–383

Holt, Elizabeth G. 341

Höltgen, Carl Josef, 192

Holy Grail, 227

Holtz, Louis, 209n37

Homer, 131, 138, 147, 445, 571

Homonyms and homonymy, 81, 161, 257, 259, 558, 574

Honorius of Autun, 87, 105, 111, 135

Horace, 147, 285, 315, 546

Horapollon, 192

Hugh of Fouilloy, 186, 192, 272

Hugh of Saint Victor, 105, 111, 137, 186

Huizinga, Johan, 339n25, 343

Humanism, Renaissance, 235, 308, 343

Human sciences, 38, 556, 557

Humboldt, 424

Hume, David, 459, 528, 529

Hungerland, Isabel C., 382

Husserl, Edmund, 354, 461, 477

Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 254, 342n32

Hylomorphism, 344

Hyperonymia and hyperonyms, 7, 19

Hypertext, 45

Iamblichus, 129n12

Iconicity, 213

Iconism, primary, 508, 509, 520, 522, 529

Idea del theatro
(Giulio Camillo), 35

Idel, Moshe, 408

Iliad
(Homer), 571

Illuminated manuscripts, 227n6, 260

Imagination, 471–472, 482, 528

Immanuel of Rome, 307

Imola, Benvenuto da, 147

“Inanis impetus” [“Antagonism that achieves nothing”] (Alciati), 193

In artem brevis R. Llulli
(Agrippa), 417

Inconsistency, 19

In de divinis nominibus
(Thomas Aquinas), 348

Indexes (indices), 36, 41, 200, 203, 205

Indo-European hypothesis, 440

Inference, relationship of, 195, 513, 516

Inferno
(Dante Alighieri), 132, 147

Ingredientibus
(Abelard), 198, 362

In Sphaerum Ioannis de Sacro Bosco
(Clavius), 420

Instauratio Magna
, 36–37

Institutiones grammaticae
(Priscian), 244–245n14

Institutio oratoria
(Quintillian), 22n

Intentionality, 199, 206, 218

Interchangeability, presumption of, 237–238

International Association for Semiotic Studies, 1

Interpretability, 20–21

Interpretance, 21

Interpretants, 50, 51, 52

Interpretation, 51, 90–91, 149, 250, 352, 536; adulterated, 491; Beatus and, 254; knowledge and, 524; moral, 30; multiple interpretations of Scripture, 257, 258; Peircean, 565; perceptual judgment and, 469; reliability of, 571; rhetorical, 433; schematism and, 486; truth-conditional semantics and, 561; use of text and, 581; visualization of Scripture and, 270–271; World-Mind experiment and, 576–577

Intuition, 313, 314, 458, 463, 465, 515, 578; creative, 324–325, 326; Croce’s theory of, 532, 538; immediacy of, 511, 513; as inner expression, 318; intellectual, 345–352; intuition-expression, 534, 535; language and, 491; perceptual judgment and, 468; schema and, 471, 477–478, 484; sign and, 543; in Thomistic epistemology, 330

In visionem Ezechielis
(Richard of Saint Victor), 272–273

Irenaeus of Lyon, 256, 282n13

Irrweg
labyrinth, 52–53,
53

Isagoge
(Porphyry), 4, 5, 12, 96, 162

Isidore of Seville, 30–31, 111, 119, 441; etymology of, 232, 447–448; on intelligence of dogs, 185–186; on names of God, 300–301

Jackendoff, Ray, 517

Jakobson, Roman, 1, 78

James, William, 529

James of Venice, 96, 96nn2–3

Jeauneau, Edouard, 244n13

Jerome, Saint, 186, 231, 251, 254, 256

Jesus Christ, 29, 30, 40, 235; Antichrist and, 282n12, 284; Apocalypse and, 275, 279; Hoy Grail and, 227; language spoken by, 295

Jews, 191, 231–232, 283, 307, 425

Joco-seriorum naturae et artis
(Schott), 39

John of Dacia, 111, 213n40

John of Garland (Johannes de Garlandia), 105, 124

John of Jandun, 115

John of Saint Thomas (John Poinsot), 321, 333, 347

John of Salisbury, 121, 123, 138, 139, 238, 356, 401

John of the Cross, 317

Johnson, Mark, 64n35

Johnston, Mark D., 389n8, 395, 397, 408n14

John the Apostle, 256, 280

John the Baptist, 260

John the Saracen, 238

Joyce, James, 67, 68, 92, 334, 343n, 439, 569

Julian the Apostate, 442

Kabbalah, 301–303, 304, 306, 308, 400; Llullism after Pico and, 422; names of, 386; Sephirot of, 400, 412

Kabbalism, 23, 283, 426; Christian, 385; Llullism compared with, 397–399; Pico della Mirandola and, 408–414

Kandinsky, Wassily, 528

Kant, Immanuel, 1, 168, 333, 347, 457–458, 484–487; empirical concepts in, 458–466; on intuition, 525; judgments of perception, 466–471; schema of the dog and, 474–478; schema of unknown object and, 478–484; on schematism, 471–474; thing-in-itself, 584

Kant and the Platypus
[
K & P
] (Eco), 72, 508, 509, 511, 515; on immediacy of intuition, 513; interpretation and, 567; on perspectives in Peirce, 524–525; semantics and, 550, 562, 563; World-Mind experiment in, 571–585

Katz, Jerrold J., 18n12, 19

Kepler, Johannes, 62, 487, 537

Kern, Hermann, 52

Kilwardby, Robert, 127, 214n42

Kircher, Athanasius, 40, 222n50, 229n7, 386, 393–394, 394n10, 405n12, 426, 444

Knowledge, 22, 27, 38, 86, 119, 151, 456; analogy and, 159, 163, 167, 168; animal symbolism and, 193;
ars excerpendi
and, 83; branches of, 48; chain of, 33; conceptual, 536; continuity of, 245; encyclopedias of, 436–437; global, 50; historical, 235, 241; inferential, 513, 524; innate knowledge of animals, 175; intellectual intuition and, 350–351; interpretation and, 28–29; latency of, 87–88; linguistic, 21, 305, 463; metaphor as instrument of, 95, 117; mnemonic tradition and, 261; mystical, 334; open-ended conception of, 55; organization of, 26, 34; perfectibility of, 421; poetic, 141, 318, 320, 324, 326; representation of, 3; reunification of, 35; sense perception and, 466, 467, 468; specialized, 72, 87; Thomistic theory of, 333; transcendentalization of, 487; transmission of, 24

Koch, Josef, 311n2

Komensky, Jan Amos, 35n23

Kovach, Francis, 341

Kunstliteratur, Die
(Magnino), 340

Kripke, Saul, 550

Kuhn, Helmut, 341

Labyrinths, 36–37, 48, 68; as semantic networks, 57; types of, 52–55,
53
,
54
; vertigo of, 74–78, 88, 93, 94

Lactantius, 256

Lakoff, George, 64n35

Lalande, André, 347

Lamb, Sidney M., 553

Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 459n2

Lambert of Auxerre, 206, 208n33

Lambertini, Roberto, 171–172n, 343n 373–374

Lamennais, Hughes-Felicité-Robert de, 441

Landes, Richard, 280n11

Language, 31, 32, 69, 70, 158, 466; of animals, 181, 220–221; artificial and computerized, 1, 422–423, 433; borrowing and, 452–453; continuum of content and, 582–583; experience in relation to, 424–425; hieroglyphic vs. symbolic, 538; Kabbalah and, 303; man as rational animal and, 202; matrix languages, 440; penury of names and, 421; perfect language, 290, 297–298, 426, 449; philosophic, 426, 427–439, 446, 449; philosophy of language, 2, 3, 483, 531; primigenial, 440, 441; semiosis and, 489, 493–495; speech acts in Genesis, 286–298; “superlinguistic” force in, 450; Tower of Babel and, 290, 294, 295, 299, 305; translated documents, 229–230; universal, 1, 44, 425; vernacular language, 291–293, 294, 297–298; visual signs and, 505;
voces
of animals and, 125n43, 216.
See also
Natural language

Langue
, Saussurean, 290, 293, 549, 556

Lapidaries, 30, 136, 143

“Latency” of information, 73

Latin language, 22, 23, 102, 107, 230, 359, 454; corruptions of medieval Latin, 253; formation of compound words in, 446–447; grammar of, 291, 296, 432; as international language, 436; Latin Aristotle, 96–97; mathematical combinations from alphabetic letters, 420–421; medieval philology and, 232; mnemonic tradition, 261; popular semiosis and, 494–495; Vulgate text in, 286

Latratus canis
[“On Animal Language”] (Eco, Lambertini, Marmo, Tabarroni), 171–172n, 212, 221n49

Lavinheta, Bernardus de, 388n7

Law, 31, 404

Leclerc, Henri, 343n32

Lector in fabula
[
The Role of the Reader
] (Eco), 570

Leech, Geoffrey, 354

Legitimism, French, 441

Le Goff, Jacques, 242, 246n15, 307

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 37, 40n26, 46–47, 49, 55, 62, 88, 226, 400; on classification of knowledge, 437; latency of knowledge and, 88; perfectibility of knowledge and, 422; relation of language to experience and, 425

Lemay, Richard, 115

Lemoine, Michel, 339n25, 343n32

Leonardo da Vinci, 241, 517, 518, 537

Letter Nine
(Pseudo-Dionysius), 152, 154, 156

Lewis, David K., 555

Lewis, W. J., 111n16, 186n13

Lexicography, 238, 549, 550, 553, 558–559

Libation Bearers
(Aeschylus), 103

Libellum apologeticum
(Vincent of Beauvais), 86

Libellus alter de consecratione ecclesiae Sancti Dionisii
(Suger), 274n9

Libellus artificiosae memoriae
(Spangerbergius), 75

Liber apologeticus
(Abbo of Fleury), 280n11

Liber Chaos
(Llull), 403

Liber de praedicabilibus
(Albertus Magnus), 111

Liber de rebus in administratione sua gestis
(Suger), 274n9

Liber de spiritu et anima
, 234

Liber Primis Posteriorum Analyticorum
(Albertus Magnus), 111

Libraries, 24, 74, 338, 421, 437, 492–493

Libri, Guglielmo, 236–237

Libri Morales
, 96–97

Libro della natura degli animali
(anonymous), 192

Life of Apollonius of Tyana
(Philostratus), 181