From the Tree to the Labyrinth (113 page)

Limits of Interpretation, The
(Eco), 508, 567, 569, 570

Linguarum methodus novissima
(Comenius), 422

Lingueglia, Paolo, 311n2

Linguistics, 3, 18, 440, 457, 531

Linnaeus, Carolus, 61, 462

Lionello di Ser Daniele, 307

Literarästhetik des europäischen Mittelalters
(Glunz), 340

Literary genres, 105, 268, 426, 539, 540

Lives of the Philosophers
(Diogenes Laertius), 24

Llinares, Armand, 405, 406

Llull, Raimon, 33, 34, 41, 385–386, 425; Great Chain of Being and, 400–408; Kabbalism and Llullism compared, 397–399; Leibniz and, 46; Llullism after Pico, 414–423; mathematical combinations system, 386–397; Pico della Mirandola and, 413; semantic universals and, 431

Locke, John, 378, 425, 458, 459, 459n2, 460, 461, 465, 469

Lodwick, Francis, 42, 425, 427, 435

Logic, 34, 111, 113, 170

Logic
(Kant), 465, 466

Logica
(Croce), 538

Logica Algazelis
(Llull), 408

Logica nova
(Llull), 406

Logica Vetus
(Aristotle), 96

Logic of Quantity, The
(Peirce), 517

Lois intellectuelles du langage, Les
(Bréal), 548

Lo Piparo, Franco, 161n33, 201, 202n28, 208n35, 213n41, 357n2

Lorusso, Anna Maria, 62n34, 95n, 117n

Lotman, Jurij, 73n39, 85, 89n54

Lovejoy, Arthur O., 6n2, 136, 401

Louis the Pious, 230

Lucan, 105, 147

Lucretius, 23

Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kuklopaideia
(Stergk), 22

Luisetti, Federico, 35

Lusignan, Serge, 86

Lyons, John, 355, 359, 553, 554

Lyttkens, Hampus, 162n34, 168

Macrobius, 138, 402

Magic, 25, 27, 308, 385

Maggi, Michele, 531n1

Magnino.
See
Schlosser–Magnino

Magritte, René, 82

Mahoney, Edward P., 331n20, 383

Maierù, Alfonso, 296n5, 359, 378n15, 379n17

Maimonides, Moses, 304

Mainardi, Pietro, 414–415

Maistre, Joseph de, 440–456

Mâle, Emile, 253n3

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 534

Mameli, Matteo, 525

Man in the Moone
(Godwin), 427

Mannerism, 315

Manzoni, Alessandro, 488–507, 534, 546

Marchese, Vincenzo, 310n2

Marconi, Diego, 55n33, 463n4, 552–553

Margarita philosophica
(Reisch), 34, 193

Marigo, Aristide, 292

Maritain, Jacques, 245, 309–352; on creative intuition vs. agent intellect, 323–338; De Bruyne’s critique of, 345–346; poetry and, 317–323; tendentious reading of Thomas, 313–317

Marmo, Constantino, 95n, 102n12, 107, 109, 112, 115, 165n35, 171n, 298n7, 353n, 374, 375n13, 377, 378

Marr, David, 475

Marrone, Caterina, 40

Marrou, Henri Irenée, 231, 232

Martinetti, Piero, 498n8

Masonry, Scottish, 441, 443, 445–446

Master of Tours, 127

Mathematics, 25, 39, 425, 443, 461; congruence, 226; Kabbalah and, 302; language and, 436; lexical terms and, 19; Llullism and, 386, 406, 420, 422; matrix, 283; pure, 460; schematism and, 476; topology and, 58; universal, 46

Mathieu, Vittorio, 485

Matoré, Georges, 69

Matrix/matrices, 209–211

Matthew of Vendôme, 106, 123n9, 124

Maupassant, Guy de, 546

Maximal Encyclopedia, 70, 71, 74, 88–89; advancement of learning and, 94; historiography and, 93; as regulatory idea, 49–52

Mayoux, Jean-Jacques, 336

Mazzantini, Carlo, 311n2

McCawley, James D., 562

Meaning, 5, 28, 378, 379, 477; meaning of, 554–557; synonymy and, 557–559

Median Encyclopedia, 72, 73–74, 85–86, 87; historical facts and, 85, 88; texts eliminated from, 93

Medici, Cosimo de’, court of, 235

Medicine, 25, 27, 31, 47, 163, 404

Meier, Christel, 31

Memory, 22, 33, 46, 75, 84, 85; animals and, 174, 175, 179; cultural, 89n54; Llull’s trees and, 404; Maximal Encyclopedia and, 74; mechanical memorization, 92; memory palace, 79; perception and, 467; schematism and, 474; semiosis and, 493

Menendez y Pelayo, Marcelino, 100n9, 342n31

Mengaldo, Pier Vincenzo, 288n3, 289, 290, 294

Mersenne, Marin, 421–422, 425, 435

Merton, Robert, 244n13, 245

Metalanguage, 51, 561

Metalogicon
(John of Salisbury), 121, 244n13, 245n14

Metamorphoses
(Ovid), 147

Metaphorology, medieval, 115

Metaphors, 41, 62–67, 95, 99, 119–126, 432, 585; allegories distinguished from, 155; in Apocalypse of Saint John, 250–251; as cognitive process, 153; common sense and, 539–540; definitions, 118–120, 539; examples in philosophical thought, 126–129; genus and species, 103; as instrument of knowledge, 95, 117, 119, 170; ontologies and, 169, 170; original essences and, 577; ornamental function of, 129; of seven rays (hebdomad), 443; smiling meadow, 126, 127–129; symbols and allegories in relation to, 129–140, 155–158; technical study of, 113; theory of language and, 556; in Thomas Aquinas, 140–144

Metaphysics, 6, 34, 319, 396, 461; of Great Chain of Being, 420; Manzonian semiotics and, 489; “metaphysical pansemiosis,” 136

Metaphysics
(Aristotle), 6n3, 96, 141, 147, 559;
analogia entis
and, 162–163; on animals, 174; discourse on equivocity, 160; medieval circulation of, 185

Meteorologica
(Aristotle), 96

Metonymy, 98, 133, 164, 370, 433, 503, 579

Michael II the Stammerer, 230

Michelangelo, 544

Middle Ages, 95, 105, 106, 116, 118; aesthetics in, 339; ancient sources on animal behavior viewed in, 185–194; authentication in, 241–243; false identification in, 237–238; metaphor in, 144, 169; millennialism in, 284; ornamental function of metaphor in, 129; poetic allegorism in, 137; “polyphonic” artistic culture of, 343, 344; reading of Aristotle in, 203.
See also
forgeries, in Middle Ages

Middle Commentary
(Averroes), 97, 99–100, 107

Milhaud, Darius, 311

Mill, John Stuart, 355–357, 379–383

Millás Vallicrosa, José M., 398, 400

Millennium (
mille annos
), Apocalypse and, 275–285

Mimesis, 106

Mimologism, 440

Mineralogy, 24, 25, 46, 434

Mirabilia
(Callimachus), 24

Mithridates, Flavius, 408, 414

Mnemonics, 34, 90, 419, 534

Mnemotechnics, 78–82

Modistae grammarians, 232, 296, 301, 305, 308, 373–374

Molar Content (MC), 72

Molière, (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 60

Mona Lisa
, authenticity of, 240–241

Mondo simbolico
(Picinelli), 192

Monogenetic hypothesis, 441, 446

Montaigne, Michel de, 189n17

Montale, Eugenio, 144

Montano, Rocco, 340

Monti, Vincenzo, 571

Moody, Ernest A., 377

Moralis Philosophia
(Roger Bacon), 112, 114

More, Thomas, 427

Morestel, Pierre, 415

Morpurgo-Tagliabue, Guido, 545

Morris, Charles, 354, 550, 562

Moses (biblical), 29, 132, 148, 258, 268

Mozarabic art, 252, 255

Murder of Roger Ackroyd, The
(Christie), 91

Murphey, Murray G., 513

Murphy, James B., 321n12

Museums, 24

Music, 28–29, 31, 34, 169, 344

Muslims, 283, 425

Mussato, Albertino, 320

Mussolini, Benito, 234

Musurgia Universalis
(Kircher), 222n50

Mystical Theology, The
(Pseudo-Dionysius), 150–151

Names, 205, 367, 380; penury of names, 421; proper names, 497–499; signs distinguished from, 194–195

Nardi, Bruno, 305

Naturalis historia
[
Natural History
] (Pliny), 183–185

Natural language, 51, 292, 431, 433, 437; semantics and, 552, 553; Tower of Babel and, 305

Natural signs and signification, 195, 199, 219, 370.
See also
Signs (
semeia
)

Naudé, Gabriel, 385

Neckham, Alexander, 135

Necromancy, 385

Neoclassicism, 312, 316

Neo-Platonism, 4, 18, 73, 150, 170, 340, 342; Great Chain of Being, 6, 401, 402, 404; Thomas Aquinas and, 345

Neo-Scholasticism, 310

Neo-Thomism, 310–313, 346

Networks, 53, 54, 68

Neubauer, Fritz, 56

New Atlantis
(Bacon), 36

Newton, Isaac, 245–246, 460, 462, 485

Nicholas of Cusa, 55, 419, 530, 536

Nicomachean Ethics
(Aristotle), 21n14, 97, 162, 175, 185

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 83, 85, 516, 577–578, 579, 580; death of God and, 564, 565; on metaphor, 585

Nishishara, H. Keith, 475

Nominalism, 381, 382

Notarikon (acrostic), 398

Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain
(Leibniz), 47

Novum Inventum
(Kircher), 40–41

Novum Organum
(Bacon), 36

Nuchelmans, Gabriel, 374

Nuclear Content (NC), 72

Numerology, 386

Ockham, William of, 193n20, 216, 331, 343, 359; on denotation, 374–379; Ockhamist tradition and denotation, 379–383;
suppositio
and, 366

Odyssey
(Homer), 23

Ogden, C. K., 354, 550

Olgiati, Francesco, 311n2

“On Denoting” (Russell), 354

Onomatopoeia, 426

On the Parts of Animals
(Aristotle), 6, 16

On the Sublime
(attrib. Pseudo-Longinus), 240

Ontologies, 4, 60–61, 89, 94, 170, 226, 579; Joycean, 67–70; Kant and, 460, 464; Llull’s trees and, 407; metaphor and, 62–67, 169; semiosic creativity and, 61–70

Opera aperta, L’
[
The Open Work
] (Eco), 569, 570

Optics, 34, 46

Opuscula spuria
(Thomas Aquinas), 316

Opus Majus
(Roger Bacon), 112, 114–115

Opus Postumum
(Kant), 484–487

Organon
(Aristotle), 96, 97, 111

Origen, 131–132, 135n17, 242

Original iconism, thesis of, 452, 454

Orlando Furioso
(Ariosto), 539

Orwell, George, 86

Other Inquisitions
(Borges), 437–438

Outlines of Pyrrhonism
(Sextus Empiricus), 176, 177n6

Ovid, 146, 147, 239

Owens, Joseph, 160, 161n33

Paci, Enzo, 486n13

Pagani, Ileana, 296n5

Panepistemon
(Politian), 34

Panofsky, Erwin, 340, 341

Pansophic index, 35–36

Paolucci, Claudio, 508n, 513–514, 514n2, 515, 522, 523, 528

Parables, 101, 138, 139n, 382

Paradiso
(Dante), 50–51, 148, 149–150, 298–308

Paradoxography, 24

Paralogisms, 492, 543

Paraphrase, 19

Pardies, Ignace Gaston, 182

Pareyson, Luigi, 536, 544, 570, 570n3

Parole
, Saussurean, 290, 293, 549

Paronomasia, 82n50, 419

Paronymity and paronyms, 161, 162, 361

Parva Naturalia
(Aristotle), 96

Pascal, Blaise, 579

Pater, Walter, 339

Patristic literature, 186, 281–282, 400

Patrologia Latina
, 255, 338, 342n32

Paul, Saint, 230, 239, 240; Apocalypse of Saint John and, 251; First Epistle to Corinthians, 130, 153

Paulmier-Foucart, Monique, 86

Paulus Scalichius, 23, 385, 385n1

Pavel, Tomas, 70, 71

Peirce, Charles Sanders, 1, 21, 90, 463, 469, 567, 584; anti-Cartesianism of, 513, 514; anti-intuitionism of, 331, 513–516; boundary demarcation and, 516–521; cosmology and gnoseology in, 524–525; on denotation, 355–357; reinterpretation of, 509–513; schematism and, 479, 480, 486; on sensation and cognition, 522–524; on universal laws, 583

Pellerey, Roberto, 328n16

Pensiero debole, Il
[
Weak Thought
] (Vattimo and Rovati, eds.), 564–565

Pépin, Jean, 129n12, 146, 148

Perani, Mauro, 302

Perception, 481, 527, 529

Perceptual judgment, 468, 469, 509, 529–530

Periphrasis, 432

Pertinentization, molecular and molar, 516

Peter, Saint, 251

Peter of Mantua, 379n17

Peter of Spain, 206, 358, 367–368, 381–382

Petöfi, Janos S., 56

Petrarch, 33n21, 232, 248

“Peut-on parler d’intuition intellectuelle dans la philosophie thomiste?” (Roland-Gosselin), 347

Phaedrus
(Plato), 519n5

Phantom limb sensation, 522–523

Pharsalia
(Lucan), 105

Philology, 223, 229, 230, 231–232, 237, 286; De Bruyne’s historiography and, 345; “-ists” versus “-ologists,” 510; Kabbalism and, 398, 399; Maistre and, 450; meaning and, 555; Peirce and, 509; Petrarch and, 248; techniques of identification developed by, 241

Philo of Alexandria, 131, 177–178, 181, 303

Philosophie de l’art chez les néo-scolastiques de langue française, La
(Wencelius), 345

Philosophie van de Kunst
(De Bruyne), 338

Philosophie van Martin Heidegger, De
(De Bruyne), 338

Philosophy, 25, 33, 111, 149, 177, 310; analytic, 18, 462, 550; Arabic, 102; common sense and, 537; continental, 570; divisions of, 111; of language, 483; metaphor and, 63, 110, 149; moral, 22; ontology and, 60; pure knowing of, 141; transcendental, 463

Philostratus, 181

Phonemes, 18, 303, 559

Physics, 34, 85, 111, 460, 480, 484; boundary demarcation in, 520; threshold of observability, 527

Physics
(Aristotle), 96

Physiologus
(anonymous), 29–30, 31, 135, 222

Physiology, 25, 523

Piazza universale di tutte le professioni
(Tommaso Garzoni), 415

Picinelli, Filippo, 192