Gandhi & Churchill (117 page)

32. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
76:312.

33. Ibid., 77:241–42, 295.

34. Quoted in Chaudhury,
Gandhi and Contemporaries,
283.

35. Quoted in Wolpert,
Jinnah,
174–75.

36. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
78:78–81.

37. Ibid., 78:403–4.

CHAPTER 24.
From Narvik to Bardoli

1. Quoted in Cross,
Samuel Hoare,
172.

2. Churchill,
Gathering Storm,
461.

3. As noted in Lukacs,
Duel,
29.

4. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
113.

5. Ibid., 122, 123.

6. Quoted in Lukacs,
Duel,
32.

7. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
124.

8. Lukacs,
Duel,
33.

9. Amery,
Diaries,
3:358–60.

10. Churchill,
Blood, Sweat, and Tears,
269.

11. Amery,
Diaries,
3:365.

12. Ibid., 3:368–69.

13. Lukacs,
Duel,
34.

14. Quoted in Roberts,
Eminent Churchillians,
141.

15. Charmley,
End of Glory,
394.

16. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
142–43.

17. These quotations come from Halifax’s notes from the meeting, quoted in Manchester,
Alone,
669. The version of events on the ninth is taken from Colville,
Fringes of Power,
142–43, who tells us he had the account from Churchill himself. Other versions exist, including Churchill’s own in
Gathering Storm
(which misdates the meeting as May 10). Colville’s seems the most accurate account, as well as the most plausible.

18. Lukacs,
Duel,
6–7.

19. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
142; Lukacs,
Duel,
34.

20. Churchill,
Blood, Sweat, and Tears,
292.

21. Speech of July 14, 1940, in W. S. Churchill, ed.,
Never Give In,
235.

22. Ibid., 346, 360.

23. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
267.

24. The phrase is from Dangerfield,
Strange Death,
quoted in Louis,
In the Name of God,
58n3.

25. Gilbert,
Finest Hour,
80–81; Churchill,
Blood, Sweat, and Tears,
348.

26. This was on April 12: Colville,
Fringes of Power,
117.

27. Ibid., 234.

28. Louis,
In the Name of God,
68.

29. Amery,
Diaries,
3:76; Louis,
In the Name of God,
172.

30. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
236.

31. This was July 26: Gilbert,
Finest Hour,
682; Colville,
Fringes of Power,
236.

32. Roberts,
Eminent Churchillians,
170.

33. Quoted in Gilbert, 480.

34. Quoted in Callahan,
Retreat From Empire,
38.

35. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
79:104.

36. Their discussion is summarized in Linlithgow’s letter to Gandhi afterward, dated September 30, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
79:474–75.

37. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
329.

38. Interview with
Spectator
editor Evelyn Wrench, December 1941, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
81:348.

39. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
330.

40. Ibid., 331.

41. Ibid., 332.

42. Ibid.

43. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
81:372.

44. Ibid., 81:356, 363.

45. Ibid., 81:374.

46. Ibid., 81:376.

CHAPTER 25.
Debacle

1. Churchill,
Grand Alliance,
620.

2. Ibid., 611, 620.

3. Herman,
To Rule the Waves,
536.

4. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
480.

5. Louis,
In the Name of God,
145–46.

6. Louis,
Imperialism at Bay,
125–26.

7. Ibid., 130.

8. Colville,
Fringes of Power,
530.

9. W. S. Churchill, ed.,
Never Give In,
307–8.

10. See Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
566–69.

11. Ahmad,
Indian Response,
28–31.

12. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
80:197–98.

13. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
192.

14. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
590.

15. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
119.

16. Ibid., 120.

17. Ibid., 122.

18. See Chapter 11.

19. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
130.

20. Moran,
Churchill at War
, 17–18; Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
30–31.

21. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
5, 37.

22. Ibid., 5, 37, 54.

23. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
132.

24. W. S. Churchill, ed.,
Never Give In,
330.

25. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
147.

26. Ibid., 146.

27. Brooke,
War Diaries,
256.

28. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
181.

29. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
81:454.

30. Ibid., 82:6.

31. Ibid., 82:28.

32. Das,
Subhas,
236.

33. The best eyewitness account is Hartog,
Sign of Tiger.

34. Das,
Subhas,
248.

35. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
256.

36. Ibid., 207.

37. Moon,
British Conquest,
1102.

38. Moore,
Cripps,
56; Moon,
British Conquest,
1104.

39. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
55, 57.

40. Moon,
British Conquest,
1102; Moore,
Cripps,
62.

41. Quoted in Thorne,
Allies of a Kind,
242.

42. Quoted in Churchill,
Hinge of Fate,
185.

43. Thorne,
Allies of a Kind,
242–43.

44. Moran,
Churchill at War,
36.

45. Cadogan,
Diaries,
432–33.

46. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
54.

47. Harvey,
War Diaries,
94; Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
55.

48. Moore,
Cripps,
74.

49. Ibid.

50. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
84–85.

51. Moon,
British Conquest,
1109; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
245.

CHAPTER 26.
Quit India

1. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
694.

2. Quoted in Brooke,
War Diaries,
285.

3. Among them was Sapru. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
335.

4. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
88.

5. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
336.

6. Quoted in ibid.

7. Editorial in
Young India,
December 29, 1920, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
22:153.

8. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
322.

9. May 28, 1942. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
82:338.

10. Interview, June 14, ibid., 82:378.

11. Ibid., 81:231.

12. Quoted in Payne,
Gandhi,
493.

13. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
82:376.

14. Ibid., 378.

15. Ibid., 378; Payne,
Gandhi,
494.

16. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
338.

17. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
82:197, 199.

18. Payne,
Gandhi,
495.

19. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
386.

20. Ibid., 385.

21. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
83:205. There were actually two messages, one timed at nine a.m. and the other sometime during the day.

22. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
703.

23. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
340.

24. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
248–49.

25. Amery,
Diaries,
2:877.

26. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
340.

27. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
245.

28. Brown,
Modern India,
309.

29. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
191; Mollo,
Indian Army,
162.

30. Das,
Subhas,
572.

31. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
74–75.

32. Telegram of April 7, 1941, in Gilbert,
Finest Hour,
1047n2.

33. Churchill,
Hinge of Fate,
178.

34. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
90.

35. Quoted ibid., 88.

36. Prime Minister, Record Files, Public Record Office, London, 245. 4, 48/9, quoted in Thorne,
Allies of a Kind.

37. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
123.

38. Moran,
Churchill at War,
84.

39. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
209–10.

40. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
6:6676–77.

41. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
250.

42. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
105.

43. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
272.

CHAPTER 27.
Showdown

1. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
83:211.

2. Ibid., 83:215.

3. Ibid., 83:275.

4. Ibid., 83:275.

5. Ibid., 83:281.

6. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
390.

7. Moran,
Churchill at War,
61.

8. Tendulkar,
Mahatma,
3:113.

9. Chartwell Papers 20/106/74; Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
343.

10. Chartwell Papers 20/106/91.

11. Moran,
Churchill at War,
106.

12. Chartwell Papers 20/107/5.

13. Chartwell Papers 20/107/6.

14. Thornes,
Allies of a Kind,
360.

15. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
390.

16. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
348.

17. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
342.

18. Chartwell Papers 20/107/21.

19. This was February 25: Chartwell Papers 20/107/26.

20. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
350.

21. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
83:293–94.

22. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
391.

23. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
350.

24. Churchill,
Hinge of Fate,
641–42.

25. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
706–7.

26. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
282–84, 288.

27. Thorne,
Allies of a Kind,
355.

28. Wavell,
Viceroy’s Journal,
3.

29. Louis,
In the Name of God,
172, 173.

30. Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies,
291.