Gandhi & Churchill (114 page)

6. Pearson,
Private Lives,
200–1.

7. Letter of February 24, 1924, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:1:114.

8. Charmley,
End of Glory,
197.

9. Quoted in Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
42.

10. Williams and Ramsden,
Ruling Britannia,
384.

11. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
57–58.

12. Ibid., 59.

13. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
27:6.

14. Ibid., 27: 7–8.

15. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
182–83.

16. Letter of September 15, 1924, Gandhi,
Collected Works,
29:155–56.

17. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
176.

18. Later he would write, “Of the English books [read at Yeravda], Gibbon takes easily the first place.” Gandhi,
Collected Works,
29:134.

19. Ibid., 27:8.

20. Ibid., 29:408.

21. Ibid., 27:9.

22. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
442.

23. Payne,
Gandhi,
321.

24. Quoted ibid., 376.

25. As noted in Muggeridge,
Green Stick,
110.

26. Among the books he read was Mansar Ali’s
Leaves from the Companions of the Prophet
and the Koran.

27. Interestingly, so did India’s untouchables. See Ahmed,
Jinnah, Pakistan,
101–3, 65–67.

28. Quoted in Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
24. The figures on violence appear on 10.

29. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
207.

30. The mustache was a symbol of Hindu masculinity. See Naipaul,
Wounded Civilization,
123.

31. Quoted in Mayo,
Mother India,
155.

32. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
34:322.

33. Keer,
Gandhi,
224.

34. Green,
Gandhi,
296.

35. Desai,
Bliss It Was;
Green,
Gandhi,
294.

36. Desai,
Bliss It Was,
4.

37. Ibid.

38. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
73–74, 75.

39. Brown,
Rise to Power,
42.

40. Keer,
Gandhi,
85, 509.

41. Desai,
Bliss It Was,
4.

42. Ibid., 19.

43. Ibid., 20.

44. Quoted in Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
375.

45. See Green,
Gandhi,
336.

46. Slade,
Spirit’s Pilgrimage;
Green,
Gandhi,
304. On Churchill’s role in creating Anglo-Iranian, the ancestor of today’s British Petroleum, see Herman,
To Rule the Waves,
486.

47. Rolland,
Mahatma Gandhi,
3, 5.

48. Ibid., 62, 97.

49. Ibid., 6–7, 247.

50. Ibid., 246, 33.

51. Gandhi and Rolland,
Correspondance,
Letter of March 22, 1922, 14; Green,
Gandhi,
246.

52. Payne,
Gandhi,
452.

53. Quoted in Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
116.

54. Quoted in Charmley,
End of Glory,
212.

55. As pointed out in Johnson,
Modern Times,
164.

56. Quoted in Charmley,
End of Glory,
208.

57. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:1:305.

58. See Herman,
To Rule the Waves,
520–21; Gilbert,
Companion,
5:1:306.

59. See the same memorandum, ibid., 5:1:304.

60. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
159.

61. Charmley,
End of Glory,
218.

62. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
217–19.

63. Ibid., 226.

64. Charmley,
End of Glory,
202.

65. Ibid., 221.

66. Manchester,
Alone,
14.

67. Ibid., 10; Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
301.

68. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
302.

69. Ibid.

70. Quoted in Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
84.

71. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
26:463–64. The correspondent was the American columnist Drew Pearson.

72. Ibid.

73. Ibid., 26:464, and Charmley,
Lord Lloyd,
84.

74. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
273–78.

75. Ibid., 326.

76. Thomas Jones diary, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:1:1473.

77. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
250.

78. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:86–87.

79. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
350.

80. Ibid., 595–96.

CHAPTER 16.
Eve of Battle

1. Quoted in Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
262.

2. Ibid., 263.

3. Moon,
British Conquest,
1027.

4. Letter of November 8, 1927, quoted in Birkenhead,
Halifax,
241.

5. Mayo,
Mother India,
49, 96–97.

6. Ibid., 34–35, 38.

7. Ibid., 268.

8. Ibid., 195.

9. Quoted in Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
243.

10. Gandhi’s review of Mayo in
Young India,
September 15, 1927, in
Collected Works,
40:105–14.

11. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
256.

12. Moon,
British Conquest,
1028.

13. Quoted in Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
26.

14. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
217.

15. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
41:447.

16. Arnold,
Gandhi,
140.

17. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
218–19.

18. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
261.

19. Quoted in ibid., 264.

20. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
263.

21. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
35.

22. One province alone, Bengal, owed nearly 140,000 rupees, while seven provinces had failed to pay their regular contributions for 1929 to the central fund. See Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
256.

23. Ibid., 223.

24. Gandhi to Nehru, January 17, 1929, quoted in Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
39.

25. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
224.

26. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
46:377.

27. Quoted in Roberts,
Holy Fox,
4–5.

28. Ibid., 20.

29. Moorhouse,
India Britannica,
177.

30. Ferguson,
Empire,
215.

31. Roberts,
Holy Fox,
23.

32. Ibid., 24.

33. Templewood,
Nine Troubled Years,
43–44.

34. Roberts,
Holy Fox,
20.

35. Quoted in Birkenhead,
Halifax,
224.

36. Quoted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
230.

37. Johnson,
Viscount Halifax,
222.

38. Nirad Chaudhuri remembered: “I was utterly unconvinced the offer was sincere.”
Great Anarch!,
270.

39. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
64.

40. Templewood,
Nine Troubled Years,
45; Low,
Britain and Indian Nationalism,
22.

41. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:40n2.

42. Ibid., 5:2:27.

43. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
845.

44. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
355.

45. Birkenhead,
Halifax,
274.

46. The figure is in Mayo,
Mother India,
20.

47. According to Charmley,
End of Glory,
241.

48. This phrase actually comes from a later Churchill article, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:40n2.

49. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
356–57.

50. Louis,
In the Name of God,
passim.

51. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:34–35.

52. Ibid., 5:2:115.

53. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
47:348–49.

54. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
232.

55. For example, the Punjab police official commenting on the Lahore Congress, noted in Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
234; Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
79; and Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
44–45.

56. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
47:381, 405.

57. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
232, and Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
70.

58. Sastri,
Letters of Sastri,
183–84.

59. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:110.

60. Johnson,
Viscount Halifax,
238.

61. Birkenhead,
Halifax,
276.

62. The account is from Nanda,
Nehrus,
322–24.

63. Birkenhead,
Halifax,
277, 275.

64. Quoted in Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
79.

65. Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:126.

66. Ibid., 5:2:128–29.

CHAPTER 17.
Salt

1. Keer,
Gandhi,
518.

2. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
234–35.

3. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
80.

4. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
48: 206–7.

5. Gandhi,
Hind Swaraj,
20n24.

6. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
236.

7. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
95.

8. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
48:390.

9. Ibid., 48:362, 365.

10. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
271.

11. Payne,
Gandhi,
389.

12. Desai,
Bliss It Was,
11

13. Payne,
Gandhi,
389.

14. Desai,
Bliss It Was,
11–12.

15. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
48:392–93.

16. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
101.

17. Ibid., 104.

18. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:6.

19. See Irwin’s Letter to the Secretary of State for India, India Office Library, Mss. Eur. C 152/6, 73, quoted in Birkenhead,
Halifax,
282.

20. Roberts,
Holy Fox,
34.

21. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:13–17.

22. Ibid., 49:15–18.

23. Weber,
On Salt March,
345–46.

24. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:34–35.

25. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi
, 275.

26. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
49:102.

27. Ibid., 46.

28. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
276, 278.

29. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
112.

30. Remarks at a Conservative Party meeting at Thanet, August 20, in Gilbert,
Companion,
5:2:180–81, n 3.

31. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
277–78.

32. Ibid., 276.

33. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
238–39.

34. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
113.

35. Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
275.

36. Brown,
Civil Disobedience,
114.

37. Chaudhuri,
Great Anarch!,
280.