Junk DNA: A Journey Through the Dark Matter of the Genome (50 page)

AAUAAA motif
233
–
4

Adam and Eve story
125

addiction
265

age, as health risk factor
59
–
62

Agouti viable yellow mouse
122

AIDS
38
,
41
,
244
,
279

albinism
211

alcohol
265
,
266

Alnylam (company)
274
–
6

alpha satellite repeats
66

Alzheimer’s disease
76
,
110
–
11
,
212
,
329

amino acids
10

adding to protein chain
146
–
9

placeholders for
14
,
15

Amish communities
27
,
243
,
258

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
235
–
6
,
276

aneuploidy
74
–
5

Angelman syndrome
137
–
40
,
142
,
329

antibiotics
152
–
3

antibodies
172
–
3
,
271
–
2

anti-obesity drugs
215
,
218

antisense RNAs
271
,
276
–
81

aplastic anaemia
56
–
7
,
58
,
329

apoliprotein B100
280

apoptosis
50

appendix
32

assisted reproductive technologies
141
–
3

AUG sequence
224
,
226

autosomes
80

BACE1 enzyme
111

bacteria
149
,
152
–
3
,
237

Barr body
84
,
120

basal cell carcinoma
226
,
329

bases
13

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
140
,
142
,
329

beta-amyloid
111

biomarkers
217
–
18

BK protein
265

blindness
272

blood cancer
118
,
217

blood pressure, high
263

blood stem cells
54
,
58

body mass index
214

Boleyn, Anne
202

bone marrow
259
,
260

brain

genes never expressed
176

long RNAs and
110
–
12

smallRNAs and
263
–
7

brain tumours

childhood
276
–
7

ETMR paediatric
330

BRCA1 gene
108

breast cancer
74
,
108
,
118
,
217
,
268
,
272

brittle bone disease
219
–
25
,
332

Brown, Louise
141

Burkitt’s lymphoma
48
,
158
–
9
,
172
–
3
,
329

bystander events
101

CAC sequences
245

CAG sequences
245

calico cats
94
–
5

cancer
329
–
30

aneuploidy and
74
–
5

long RNAs and
107
–
10
,
118
–
19

major repressor and
118
–
19

obesity and
62

paclitaxel and
74

promoters and
158
–
9

smallRNAs and
265
–
8

super-enhancers and
167

tailored therapies
27

tumour suppression
275

see also individual diseases

cancer cells, telomerase activity
53

carbon monoxide levels
214

cardiac hypertrophy
263

cardiac muscle
262
–
3

cardiovascular disease
60
,
77
,
246
,
265
,
279

cartilage-hair hypoplasia
257
–
8
,
330

cats

with extra toes
203
–
4

tortoiseshell/calico patterning
94
–
5

CCG repeats
10
,
19
,
123
,
227

Celera Genomics (company)
25
,
29

cells
14

division
63
–
6

CENP-A protein
66
–
73

centromeres
64
–
73
,
80

CGG repeats
226

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
44

chloride transport
231

cholesterol
279
–
80

chromosome
4
283
–
4
,
286

chromosome
8
158

chromosome
10
208

chromosome
11
141

chromosome
13
77
–
8

chromosome
14
142
,
158

chromosome
15
138
–
40

chromosome
16
215

chromosome
18
77
–
8

chromosome
21
76
,
77
–
8

chromosomes

numbers
80

repair
47
–
9

chronic psychological stress
61

cigarette smoke, exposure to
213
–
14

cigarette smoking
58
–
9
,
61

cirrhosis of the liver
213
–
14

cleft lip
204

Clinton, Bill
25

cloning
95
–
6

cocaine
265

collagens, defects in
220

colorectal cancer
108

congenital diarrhoea disorder
243
–
4
,
330

consanguinity
207
–
8

Cornelia de Lange syndrome
169
,
330