Junk DNA: A Journey Through the Dark Matter of the Genome (54 page)

and cancer
265
–
8

epigenetic modifications
267

and stem cells
258
–
63

smell, sense of
263
–
4

SMN1 gene
248

SMN2 gene
248

smoking
58
–
9
,
61

passive
214

snoRNAs
150
–
2

Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) protein
202

sperm

chromosome numbers
64
,
80

formation
43
–
4
,
64
,
73
,
75
–
6
,
181
–
2

mutated cells
138

Spinal Muscular Atrophy
247
–
8
,
332

spindle apparatus
65
–
6
,
67
,
70
–
1
,
73
–
4

spleen
260

spliceosome
241
–
2
,
243
,
244
,
248

splicing
17
,
30
,
222
,
237
–
54

alternative
238

and disease
242
–
8

manipulating for therapeutic gain
248
–
54

SRY gene
82

statins
279

stem cells
53
–
4

blood
54
,
58

smallRNAs and
258
–
63

stop signals
148
–
9
,
245
,
246
,
250

super-enhancers
163
,
165
–
7

and cancer
167

supratentorial neuroectodermal tumours
266

telomerase activity
52
–
3

telomeres
49
–
62

and diseases
55
–
9

length importance
54
–
5

as molecular clock
60
–
2

shortening
51
–
3

testes
82
,
110

testosterone
82
,
109

tetracycline
152

tetrapods
99

thymus
260

thyroid gland
234

tobacco
58
,
61

tortoiseshell cats
94
–
5

totipotency
105

Trading Places
(film)
47

transcription factors
157
–
9
,
205

transfer RNA
see
tRNA transthyretin
274

Treacher-Collins Syndrome
150

trisomy
13
77
–
8

trisomy
18
77
–
8

trisomy
21
76
,
77
–
8

tRNA
147
–
9

and insulation
179
–
80

numbers of genes
150

Tsix gene
87
–
8

Tsix RNA
87
–
8
,
97

TTAGGG motifs
49
,
52
,
54

tumour suppressors
275

Turner’s syndrome
332

two-base sequences
241

ultraviolet radiation
35

uniparental disomy
138

untranslated regions (UTRs)
222
–
3
,
226
–
7
,
230
,
232
–
6

variable expressivity
206

variable penetrance
206

Victoria, Queen
90

virgin birth
125

Wellcome Trust
25
,
26

white blood cells
60
–
1
,
268
–
9

Williams-Beuren syndrome
44

worms

genome size
29
–
32

number of genes
28

X chromosomes
79
–
96
,
180
–
4

people with wrong numbers of
83
,
180
–
1
,
183
–
4

physical conformation
83
–
4

X inactivation
82
–
4
,
86
–
8
,
89
,
93
–
6
,
120
–
1
,
180
–
3

X inactivation centre
84
,
88

X0 syndrome
332

xenotransplantation
42
–
3

Xist gene
84
–
8

Xist RNA
85
–
8
,
94
,
97
,
120
,
182

XXX syndrome
332

XXY syndrome
332

Y chromosome
80
–
1
,
181
–
3

yeast, genome size
31
–
2

zebrafish
98

zygote
64
,
104
–
5

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ISBN: 9781848313477 (paperback)/9781848313156 (ebook)