Authors: Ira A. Hunt Jr.
271
. Message, “Unidentified Helicopter Sightings,” 040110Z June 1975, Det 5, 7602 AINTELG, Bangkok, Thailand.
272
. Message, “Unidentified Helicopter Activity in Northeast Thailand and Laos,” 210830Z April 1975, Det 5 7602 AINTELG, Bangkok, Thailand.
273
. Spot Report, “Unidentified Air Traffic in NE Thailand,” 301530Z April 1975, Headquarters USSAG (Blue Chip), Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.
274
. Spot Report, “Unidentified Air Traffic in NKP Area 27Apr75,” 281930Z April 1975, Headquarters USSAG (Blue Chip), Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.
275
. Intelligence report, “Bomb in NKP City,” 091045Z May 1975, INOE, Headquarters USSAG, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.
276
. Message, “RTG Aide Memoire on the US Military Use of Thailand,” 141230Z May 1975, U.S. Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand.
277
. Message, “Airport Demonstration at Ambassador's Arrival,” 141401Z May 1975, U.S. Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand.
278
. Message, “Bangkok Paper: US Handling of Mayaguez Saga âInsult to Thailand,'” 151041Z May 1975, FBIS Bangkok, Thailand.
279
. Message, “Is RTG on the Brink?” 040357Z May 1975, DAO/U.S. Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand.
280
. Message, “One Year after the LAO Ceasefire Agreement,” 160130Z February 1974, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
281
. Message, “The LAO Settlement Two Years Later,” 040510Z March 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
282
. Message, “LAO Reactions to Developments in Vietnam and Cambodia,” 260633Z March 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
283
. Message, “Current FAR Morale,” 050600Z March 1975, DAO, Vientiane, Laos.
284
. Press release, “Rally at Monument to the War Dead,” 9 May 1974, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
285
. Message, “Demonstration in Luang Prabang, US Officials Forced to Leave,” 141210Z May 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
286
. Message, “Cabinet Meeting Deals with Vientiane Side Resignations, Demonstrations in Savannakhet,” 151026Z May 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
287
. Message, “Laos: Calm before Another Storm,” 151040Z June 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
288
. Message, “PL Official's Comments on Current LAO Situation,” 020441 May 1975, DAO, Vientiane, Laos.
289
. Message, “Proposed Timetable for Reduction of Mission Staff,” 050450Z June 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
290
. Message, “PGNU Note Asks for Immediate Turnover of All Economic and Military Assistance Property and Termination of USAID,” 261057Z June 1975, U.S. Embassy, Vientiane, Laos.
291
. Message, “Habib Call on Foreign Minister Phoumi Vongvichit,” 031038Z June 1975, CINCPAC, Honolulu, Hawaii.
292
. Message, “SPIREP (Ground Fire),” 231700Z January 1975, 56 SOW RTAFB THAI/DOI.
293
. Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap,
The General Headquarters in the Spring of Brilliant Victory
(Ha Noi: The Gioi Publishers, 2005).
294
. Spot Report, prisoner of war debrief, “Withdrawal from Tong Le Chan,” April 1974, Saigon, South Vietnam.
295
. Cen. Cao Van Vien, memorandum, “Restricted Employment of Artillery and Tactical Air,” No. 1185, 12 March 1973, JGS/RVNAF, Saigon, South Vietnam.
296
.
U.S. Army Field Manual, FM 101-10-1/2, Staff Officers' Field Manual, Organizational, Tactical, and Logistical Data Planning Factors
, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, October 1987).
297
. Major General Ira A. Hunt, “South Vietnam Assessment,” December 1974, Headquarters USSAG, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.
Numbered military units are alphabetized as if spelled out. Page numbers in italics refer to photographs, maps, and other illustrations.
Abrams, Gen. Creighton,
117â18
Accelerated Pacification Program,
64
.
See also
Pacification and Rural Development Program (PRD)
Adireksarn, Pramarn,
313
Adjutant General Personnel Computerized Center (J-1 data), casualty data,
104
,
105
Afghanistan, parallels to Southeast Asian events,
321â22
aggressiveness, measures of,
44
,
47
,
49
,
51
,
55
,
71
“Agreement in Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam.”
See
cease-fire agreement, Vietnam War
agricultural production, index of,
66â67
.
See also
rice, production of
Air America, assistance with South Vietnam evacuation,
156â57
,
158
,
160
airdrops and airlifts, Cambodia,
200
,
253
,
254
,
296
; Khmer Air Force,
177
,
180â81
; U.S. Air Force,
206â9
,
241
,
262
,
264â71
,
282
,
283
,
287â88
airdrops and airlifts, South Vietnam,
37â38
,
90
,
121
ambushes,
42
,
165
,
166
; defined,
327
; as incident type,
331
ammunition, Cambodian War,
184â99
; authorized supply rates (ASR),
188
,
190
,
191
,
282
; barges carrying,
211
,
216
,
217
,
218
,
257
; combat intensity related to,
189â94
,
195â96
,
197â99
; conservation of,
185
,
187
,
190
,
191
,
196â97
,
199
,
242
,
282
; consumption rate,
75
,
188
,
192
,
196
,
249â50
,
262
; costs of,
76
,
192â94
,
195
; expenditures for,
68
,
70
,
79â80
,
184â87
,
189â90
,
192t
,
194â97
,
196t
,
198
,
282
; funding for,
184
,
194â99
; MEDTC allocation of funds for,
184
; required supply rate (RSR),
69
,
69t
; resupplying,
177
,
180â81
,
184
,
200â202
,
207â10
,
209t
,
219â20
,
249
,
254
,
267
,
282
; shortages of,
226
,
243
,
262
,
283
,
287â88
; weapons densities related to,
187
,
188â89
,
188t
,
190
,
193
ammunition, Vietnam War,
68â88
; artillery,
70
,
71
,
73
,
80
,
81
; authorized supply rate (ASR),
68
,
69
,
76
,
80â81
; combat intensity related to,
70â74
,
76
,
81
,
85t
,
93
; conservation of,
70
,
73â74
,
80â88
,
92
,
99â100
,
110
,
124
,
168
; costs of,
79â81
,
94
; daily expenditure rate for,
68â69
,
76
,
78â79
,
80â81
; ground issues of,
77â78
,
77t
; 1972 Easter Offensive consumption of,
77
; NVA supplies of,
100
,
125
; required supply rate (RSR),
68
,
69
,
69t
,
76
; shortages of,
114
,
168
; U.S. funding reduced,
68
,
70
,
74
,
76â77
,
78
,
96
,
106
,
107â8
An Loc, South Vietnam, siege of,
28
,
241
artillery: and ammunition use,
70
,
71
,
72
,
73
,
80
,
81
,
199
; NVA infiltration of,
9
,
16â17
,
31â32
,
112
,
113
ARVN.
See
South Vietnamese Army (ARVN)
attacks by fire: defined,
328
; as incident type,
331
attacks by fire, Cambodian War,
189
; on Mekong River convoys,
211
,
212â13
,
213f
,
214f
,
215
,
216
,
219
; on Pochentong Airfield,
249
attacks by fire, Vietnam War: casualties from,
50â51
,
55â57
,
56f
,
62
,
86
,
166
; enemy-initiated,
100
,
167
; friendly
vs
. enemy-initiated,
50
,
62
,
165
; increasing,
80
,
164
; NVA,
42
,
110
,
132
,
142
; ratio of ground attacks to,
82
; RVNAF support structure for,
182
,
183
; USSAG analysis of,
48â50
balance of forces: in Cambodia,
229
,
230
; in Laos,
317
; in South Vietnam,
22
.
See also
combat force structure
Ban Me Thuot, South Vietnam: attack on,
130â34
,
135
,
136
,
145
,
166
,
169
; loss of,
137
,
147
Bassac, Cambodia, naval support of,
252
Batchelder, Col. Sydney H.,
285
Battalion 18 (KC, Cambodia),
261
Battalion 260 (KC, Cambodia),
261
Battalion 265 (KC, Cambodia),
261
Battambang, Cambodia,
234
,
237
,
272
,
274
,
292
Ben Cat, South Vietnam,
142
Bien Thuy, South Vietnam,
78
Binh Khe, South Vietnam, battle of,
135
Binh Tuy Province, South Vietnam, attacks on,
121
booby traps,
48
,
50
,
51
,
104
,
165
,
166
; defined,
328
; as incident type,
331
.
See also
mines
Boret, Prime Minister Long (Cambodia),
233
; surrender of,
289
,
290
Bowra, Capt. Kenneth,
239
Brazelton, 1st Lt. Glenn, Cambodian population study,
235â36
Bronars, Col. Ed,
150
Buddhists, Cambodian, communist persecution of,
238
Buon Ho, South Vietnam,
131
Burnell, Col. Pete,
174
Burns, Lt. Gen. John J.: and assault on Koh Tang Island,
308
,
309
; and
Mayaguez
incident,
299
,
300
; and Phnom Penh evacuation,
284
; replaces Gen. O'Keefe,
112
; and South Vietnam evacuation,
151â52
,
160
,
162
; and USSAG threat assessment,
115
Cambodia,
171â298
; aerial support operations,
264â71
; attempts at negotiated settlement in,
276
,
281
,
288
; background on,
171â73
; communists in,
21
,
60
,
171
,
174â75
,
239â43
; dependent on future of South Vietnam,
150â51
; dispute with South Vietnam over Puolo Wei Island,
103â4
; evacuation of,
150
,
151
,
164
,
257â60
,
279
,
284â87
; fall of,
271â84
,
288â98
; feelings of betrayal by U.S.,
288
; government,
21
,
239â43
,
280â81
,
287â88
; and
Mayaguez
incident,
299â310
; military academy in,
27
; as NVA infiltration route,
13
,
14
,
19
; NVA/VC invasion of,
174â75
,
183
,
237
; politics in,
233â39
; South Vietnam compared to,
171
; United Nations seat,
21
,
234
,
239â43
.
See also
airdrops and airlifts, Cambodia
;
enclaves, Cambodian
;
Government of the Khmer Republic (GKR)
;
marines, Cambodian
;
Mekong River
;
morale, Cambodian
;
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
;
U.S. Support Activities Group (USSAG), in Cambodia
Cambodian Army (FANK),
175â84
,
204
,
244
,
270
,
292
; ammunition usage,
69
,
185
,
187â89
,
188t
,
191
,
192
,
196â97
,
198
,
249â50
,
282
; bombing of headquarters,
288â89
; border areas defense,
205â6
; combat intensity factor,
295
,
295t
; corruption in,
183
,
297
; defeat in 1971,
176
,
183
,
237
; defense of enclaves by,
296â97
; desertions from,
177
,
178
,
179
,
180
,
183
,
248
,
274
,
279
; equipment,
195
,
206
,
279
,
281
; firepower and mobility of,
75
,
189
,
221
,
225
,
227
,
230
,
250â51
; intelligence information from,
205â6
; intervention units,
178
,
179â80
,
181
,
229â30
,
230â31
,
248
,
279
; lack of aggressiveness,
183
,
271
,
278
; leadership problems,
176â77
,
182
,
225â26
,
250â51
,
280
,
297
; logistics in,
177
; manpower deficiencies,
179â80
,
226
,
263
,
279
; Mekong River defense,
215â16
,
248
,
252â53
,
260â61
,
262â63
,
297
; morale,
225
,
277
,
281
,
287
; and 1975 dry-season attacks,
246â53
; pay situation,
182â83
,
242
; phantom soldiers,
177
,
179
,
180
; Phnom Penh defense,
205
,
225â26
,
232
,
247
,
248
; reclaiming territory,
239
; Route 4 security,
224
,
241
; and siege of Kompong Seila,
241â42
; strengths and weaknesses,
178
,
225
,
228â29
,
250â51
; territorial battalions,
178
,
179
,
180
,
264
; training,
177
; troop strengths,
225
,
226
,
272
,
272t
,
274
,
279â80
; U.S. support of,
3
,
74
,
174
; victories,
222
,
233
,
249
,
271
Cambodian War: cessation of U.S. Air Force combat support,
29
,
40
; combat intensity,
189â94
; hope for supplemental U.S. funding,
101
,
276â77
; logistics,
200
,
206â9
,
270
; 1973 highlights,
221â26
; personnel support from U.S.,
174â75
; reasons for Cambodian defeat,
180
,
264
,
297â98
; SCOOT program,
200â202
,
219
,
220
; uniqueness of,
227
; U.S. Vietnam War related to,
174
,
182â84
; as war by budget,
185
,
298
; as war of attrition,
279
,
296
; weapons density in,
187
,
188â89
,
188t
,
190
,
193
.
See also
ammunition, Cambodian War
;
attacks by fire, Cambodian War
;
casualties, Cambodian War
;
combat intensity factor (CIF) Cambodian War
;
dry-season offensives, Cambodian War
;
Cambodian Army (FANK)
;
Khmer Air Force
;
Khmer communist organization (KC)
;
Khmer Navy (MNK, Cambodia)
;
Mekong River convoys
;
U.S. Congress, reduced Cambodian War funding