Marie Antoinette (89 page)

Cléry, Madame

Clothilde, Madame (
later
Queen of Sardinia; Louis XVI’s sister; “Gros-Madame”)

Coblenz

Coigny, Marie François Henri, Duc de

Coke, Lady Mary

Committee of Public Safety

Commune of Paris

Compiègne

Conciergerie

Condé, Louis Joseph, Prince de

Condé, Mlle de

Confederates (provincial troops)

Constituent National Assembly
see
Legislative Assembly; National Assembly

Conti, Louis François, Prince de

Conti, Princesse de

Corday, Charlotte

Cordeliers Club

Corigliano, John:
The Ghosts of Versailles
(opera)

Cornwallis, General Charles, 1st Marquis

Cossé, Duchesse de

Coster, Anne Vallayer

Courtot (sculptor)

Cowper, Emily

Cradock, Mrs

Craufurd, Quentin

Crimea

Croÿ, Duc de

Custine, General Adam Philippe, Comte de

Damas, Comte Charles de

Dangé, Commissioner

Danton, Georges

Daujon, Commissioner

David, Louis

Davies, Marianne and Cecilia

Dazincourt, Joseph

Desclozeaux, Pierre Louis

Deslon (hussar officer)

Desmoulins, Camille

Destruction de l’Aristocratisme, La
(play)

Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of

Diamond Necklace Affair

Diderot, Denis:
Les Bijoux Indiscrets

Dietrichstein, Count

Dillon, Edward (
le beau
)

Dillon, Madame

divorce: legalized in France (1790)

Dorset, John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of,

Doucoudray, Tronson

Drouet, Jean Baptiste

Du Barry, Marie Jeanne, Comtesse (
née
Bécu): as Louis XV’s mistress; MA meets at Compiègne; addresses King; MA’s attitude to; dislike for Choiseul; pets; hostility with MA; and Louis XV’s health decline; banishment; dressmaking bills; jewellery; executed

Dubouchage (Minister of the Navy)

Ducreux, Joseph

Dufour (memorialist)

Dumouriez, General François

Duport, Adrien

Durand, Camille

Duras, Duchesse de

Duras, Emmanuel Félicité, Duc de

Duras, Marquise de

Durfort, Marquis de

Durosoy (publisher)

Dutens, Louis

Dutilleul, Sophie

Edgeworth de Firmin, Henry Essex, Abbé

Eleanora of Neuburg, Empress of Leopold I

Elisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans, Princesse (MA’s paternal grandmother)

Elisabeth, Madame (Louis XVI’s sister): favours Angélique de Bombelles; MA meets; greyhounds; leaves Versailles for Choisy; relations with MA; Joseph’s rumoured interest in; given Montreuil property; portrayed in dairymaid’s bonnet; sees body of MA’s daughter Sophie; taken from Versailles to Paris; detained in Tuileries; criticizes Louis XVI for inaction; on necessity for civil war; reads Burke’s
Revolution in France
; in MA’s escape attempt; decries public appearances; plays backgammon with Louis XVI; behaviour in face of mob; at commemoration of fall of Bastille; dress adapted for Pauline de Tourzel; detention and life in the Temple; renamed “Capet,”; separated from Louis XVI; and Louis XVI’s execution; communicates with Provence and Artois from Temple; religious piety; accused of sexual abuse of Louis Charles MA writes final letter to; executed; ignorance of MA’s death; represented on sculptural group

Elizabeth, Archduchess of Austria (MA’s sister): marriage prospects; place in family; at brother Joseph’s wedding; remains unmarried; scarred by smallpox; and mother’s final illness

Elizabeth Christina, Empress (MA’s maternal grandmother)

Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Bevern, Queen of Frederick II

Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia

Elliott, Grace

Éloffe, Madame (wool and silk purveyor)

Emery, Jacques André, Abbé

England: war with France in North America (1754); war with Austria; fights in American Revolution; Spain proposes joint operations against; peace with France (1783); France declares war on (1793)

Estaing, Charles Henri d’

Estaing, Jean Baptiste, Comte d’

Estates General

Esterhazy family

Esterhazy, Count Valentin,

Eugene, Prince of Savoy

Eugénie, Empress of Napoleon III

Family Pact (1761)

Fausselandry, Vicomtesse de

Favras, Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de

Fellborn, Claes

Fénélon, François de Salignac de La Mothe

Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (MA’s brother): childhood; place in family; acts as proxy bridegroom to MA; portrait miniature sent to MA; visits Versailles

Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, Don: marriage; and Louis XV’s view of MA’s marriage relations

Ferdinand, King of Naples: prospective marriage; marriage to Charlotte (Maria Carolina); and Austrian dowries; marriage relations

Fersen, Count Axel: background; meets MA; absence from France; returns from Sweden; MA’s fondness for; serves French cause in American war; attitude to MA; returns from America; developing relations with MA; marriage prospects; colonelcy; accompanies Gustavus III to France; finds dog for MA; as putative father of MA’s children; on MA’s waning popularity; makes trip to England; Saint-Priest’s friendship with; as Swedish emissary; affair with Eléanore Sullivan; and Louis XVI’s wish to move to Metz; stays at Versailles; and women’s march on Versailles; greets MA and Louis XVI in Paris (1789); advocates MA’s flight and escape; MA borrows from; joins MA and party on escape attempt; reaches Brussels; blamed for Louis XVI’s flight; MA writes to after arrest; on MA’s rumoured liaison with Barnave; returns to Paris in disguise and meets MA; MA reports details of conduct of French war with Austria; MA reports to on increasing threats; flees from Belgium; anxieties over MA’s fate; Jarjayes proposes mission to; and Austrian caution over liberating MA; killed; reaction to MA’s death

Fête de la Fédération

Feuillant party

Fitzgerald, Lord Robert

Flanders Regiment

Florian, Jean Pierre

Fontainebleau; Treaty of (1785)

Foster, Lady Elizabeth

Fouché, Mademoiselle

Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin

Fox, Charles James

Fragonard, Jean Honoré

France: forms defensive pact with Austria (1756); war with England in North America (1754); royal succession in; bread and grain riots (“Flour War”); financial deficit; intervenes in American Revolution; forms alliance with USA (1778); and Bavarian settlement; and Austrian alliance with Russia; deteriorating relations with Austria; peace with England (1783); administrative structure; tax reforms; revolution predicted; poor harvests (1788–9) and rising bread prices; weakening alliance with Austria; National Assembly proclaims new Constitution; 1789 riots in; aristocrat émigrés from (1789); divorce legalized in (1790); Louis XVI accepts new Constitution; proposed actions against émigrés; war with Austria (1792); crown jewels plundered; revolutionary calendar; military successes against Prussia; declares war on England, Spain and Holland (1793); defeats by Austrians;
see also
French Revolution

Francis II, Emperor (
earlier
Archduke of Austria; MA’s nephew)

Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine,
later
Emperor Francis I (MA’s father): and birth of MA; at MA’s baptism; background; speaks French; marriage to Maria Teresa; elected Emperor; appearance and character; infidelities; love of gardens and botany; and children’s upbringing; parts from MA and dies; remembered at Fête de la Fédération

Franklin, Benjamin

Frederick II, King of Prussia: prefers to speak French; Maria Teresa’s hostility to, 10; marriage relations; on Maria Teresa’s acquiring part of Poland; and Bavarian crisis; admiration for

Frederick Augustus, Prince (
later
King Frederick) of Saxony

Frederick, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt

Frederick William II, King of Prussia

French language: spoken in Vienna; MA learns and speaks

French Revolution: breaks out; blamed on MA

Fréron, Stanislas

Fronsac, Louis Antoine Sophie, Duc de

Gabriel, Ange Jacques

Gameau (locksmith)

Gardel (choreographer)

Gardes Françaises

Gassner, John Joseph

Gautier-Dagoty, Jean Baptiste

Genet, Edmund

Genet, Jean:
The Maids

Genlis, Madame Stéphanie-Félicité de

George III, King of Great Britain: court; marriage; and American War of Independence; children; praises Burke’s
Revolution in France
; and Louis XVI’s flight; on Louis XVI’s feebleness; madness; reclaims Caroline Matilda after divorce

George Charles, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt

George William, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Georgel, Abbé

Gilbert (Conciergerie gendarme)

Gillray, James

Girard, Abbé

Girard, Georges

Girondins

Gluck, Christoph Willibald: at Austrian court; background; reports to Maria Teresa on MA’s childbearing condition; visits Paris; disparages French music; on birth of MA’s son; dedicates operas to MA; music sung at Vigée Le Brun party;
Alceste
;
Armide
;
Iphigénie en Aulide
;
Orphée
;
Il Parnasso Confusio

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

Goguelat, Baron François de

Goltz, Baron

Goncourt, Edmond & Jules

Goret (municipal officer)

Gourbillon, Madame de

Gower, George Granville Leveson-Gower, Earl (
later
2nd Marquess of Stafford and 1st Duke of Sutherland)

Grammont (actor)

Gramont, Béatrice, Duchesse de

Grand Trianon

Grasse, Admiral François de

“Great Fear,” the

Grétry, André;
Richard I

Grey and Jefferies (London jewellers)

Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von

Grosholz, Marie
see
Tussaud, Marie

Guéméné, Jules Hercule, Prince de

Guéméné, Marie Louise, Princesse de

Guiche, Aglä ié, Duchesse de (
née
de Polignac; “Guichette”)

Guiche, Duc de

Guillaume (Drouet’s companion)

guillotine: first used

Guimard, Madeleine

Guines, Adrien, Comte (
later
Duc) de

Guirtler, Bishop (MA’s confessor

Gustav III, King of Sweden; assassinated

Gustav IV, King of Sweden: birth

Guyot, Madame

Hall, Radclyffe:
The Well of Loneliness

Hamilton, Sir William, and Emma, Lady

Hancock, Eliza

Harcourt, François Henri, Duc d’

Harel, Madame

Hasse, Johann Adolph

Haugwitz, Count Frederick

Hauzinger, Joseph

Haydn, Joseph

Hébert, Jacques

Hénin, Prince de

Henri IV, King of France

Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England

Herbert, George Augustus, Lord (
later
11th Earl of Pembroke)

Herman, Armand Martial

Hesse, Princesses of

Hesse-Homburg, Landgrave of

Hezecques, Félix de, Comte de France