Marie Antoinette (93 page)

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Authors: Antonia Fraser

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Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de:
Paul et Virginie

Saint-Priest, François Emmanuel, Comte de;
Mémoires

Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de

Sainville (French actor)

Salieri, Antonio

Salmour, Count

Sanson, Charles Henri

Saratoga, battle of (1777)

Sartine, Antoine

Sauce, Jean Baptiste

Savoy, House of

Saxe-Coburg, Prince of

Saxony: dynastic marriages

Scheldt, river

Schönbrunn (palace)

Ségur, Louis Philippe, Comte de

Ségur, Philippe Henri, Marquis de

Sénac de Meilhan, Gabriel

Seven Years’ War (1756–63)

Sèvres

Simolin, Jean

Simon, Antoine and Marie Jeanne

smallpox

Smith, Hélène

Société Particulier de la Reine
(Queen’s Private Society)

Söderjholm, Alma

Sophia, Princess of England

Sophie Hélène Béatrice (MA/Louis XVI’s daughter): birth; death and funeral

Sophie, Madame (Louis XV’s daughter): appearance; and “Let them eat cake” story

Souberbielle, Dr.

Soubise, Charles de Rohan, Prince de

Spain: alliance with France; France declares war on; invades southern France

Spencer, Georgiana, Countess (
née
Poyntz)

Staël, Germaine de (
née
Necker): Fersen considers marriage to; on Brienne; and father’s return as Controller of Finance; marriage and child; on “shipwreck of state”; on Louis XVI’s flight; foresees disaster; flees France; on MA as “tender mother” ;
Réflexions sur le Procès de la Reine

Stanislaus I (Lesczinski), King of Poland

Stanislaus II (Poniatowski), King of Poland

Starhemberg, Prince

Stedingk, Count Curt

Stephan, Joseph

Strasbourg

Strathavon, George Gordon, Lord of (
later
9th Marquess of Huntly)

Sullivan, Eléanore

Sutherland, Elizabeth, Duchess of

Swieten, Gerhard Van

Swinburne, Henry

Swiss Guards (Cent-Suisses du Roi)

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de

Tarante, Princesse de

Taube, Baron Evert

Tavannes, Comtesse de

Temple, the (Marais district; “the Tower”): royals and party detained in

Tennis Court Oath (1789)

Teresa, Archduchess of Austria (Joseph II’s daughter)

Terrasson, Pierre Joseph

Teschen, Peace of (1779)

Thérèse Augustine, Sister (Madame Louise; Louis XV’s daughter)

Therville, Madame de

Thibault, Madame

Thierry, Madame

Thionville, Merlin de

Third Estate;
see also
National Assembly

Thrale, Hester Lynch (
later
Piozzi)

Tilly, Alexandre, Comte de

Times, The
(newspaper)

Tippoo Sultan: envoys at Versailles; gifts to royal collection

Tison family

Tison, Madame

Tisset, François

Toulan, François Adrian

Toulouse, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de

Tourzel, Louise Elisabeth, Marquise (
later
Duchesse) de (“Madame Severe”): as governess to royal children; accompanies royals on attempted flight; resumes duties; on Madame Jarjayes; on return of Princesse de Lamballe; on Louis XVI’s declaring war on Austria; at commemoration of fall of Bastille; leaves Tuileries with MA; removed to the Temple; interrogated by Commune; in La Force prison

Tourzel, Pauline de
see
Béarn, Pauline, Comtesse de

Trautmannsdorf, Countess

tricolour (flag)

Trompette, La (Bordeaux château)

Trotsky, Leon

Tuileries: MA and Louis housed in; MA and Louis flee from; spies in; invaded by mob; royals’ life at deteriorates; massacre and pillage at; Empress Josephine occupies

Turgot, Anne Robert, Baron de l’Aulne

Turgy, Louis François

Turkey: conflict with Russia; Austrian conflict with

Tussaud, Marie, Madame (
formerly
Grosholz)

United States of America: alliance with France;
see also
American Revolution

Valenciennes

Valentinois, Duchesse de

Valmy

Valory, François, Comte de

Van Swieten
see
Swieten

Varennes-en-Argonne

Vaudreuil, Joseph Hyacinthe François, Comte de

Vauguyon, Antoine, Duc de

Vendée

Verdun

Vergennes, Charles, Comte de: position and influence; and Diamond Necklace Affair; death

Vergniaud, Pierre

Véri, Joseph Alphonse, Abbé de

Vermond (accoucheur; Abbé’s brother)

Vermond, Jacques-Mathieu de, Abbé: on MA’s face; as MA’s tutor; and MA’s religious instruction; and Mme. Du Barry; rejoins MA as Reader; disapproves of MA’s women friends; on MA’s spoken French; and influence of Polignacs on MA; informs MA of mother’s death; as MA’s adviso; shocked by Marie Thérèse’s callousness to mother; and Diamond Necklace Affair; serves under Brienne; flees from France

Vernet, Claude Joseph

Versailles: etiquette and ceremonies; MA arrives at; public activities at; popular access to; cosmetics and hairstyles; pet animals in; abandoned for quarantine after Louis XV’s death; MA’s apartments linked to husband’s by secret staircase; loses trees in 1999 gale; MA introduces new manners at; routines maintained in early days of Revolution; deputation of market women march to (1789); mob attack on; ghosts at; commemorative exhibition (1955);
see also
Petit Trianon, Le

Versailles, Treaty of (1756)

Vestris, Gaëtan

Victoire, Madame (Louis XV’s daughter)

Victor Amadeus III, Duke of Wertmüller

Victoria, Crown Princess of Germany

Vigée Le Brun, Louise Elisabeth: on Charlotte and MA; on market-women at Versailles; on MA’s beauty; on Prince de Ligne; portrays MA; on Marie Thérèse’s childhood companions; group portrait of royal family; imitates Raphael; and Duchesse de Polignac’s reaction to royals’ deaths

Villequier, Duc de

Virieu (Parma’s envoy)

Viry, Comte de

Visconti, Monsignor

Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de

Wagenseil, Georg Christoph

Walpole, Horace

Washington, George

Weber, Constance

Weber, Joseph

Weisweiler, Adam

Wertmüller, Adolf Ulrik von

Weston, Stephen

“Wigmakers’ Conspiracy”

Wilberforce, William

William III (of Orange), King of England, Scotland and Ireland

Williams, Eunice

“Williams, Indian”

Wollstonecraft, Mary:
An Historical and Moral View of . . . the French Revolution

women: royal; status of

Xavier, Prince of Saxony

York, Edward Augustus, Duke of

Yorktown, battle of (1781)

Young, Arthur

Zweibrücken, Duc de

A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Since 1969 ANTONIA FRASER has written many acclaimed historical works which have been international bestsellers. She is the recipient of many literary awards, including the Wolfson History Prize, St. Louis Literary Award and Medal of the Historical Association 2000. Her works include the biographies
Mary Queen of Scots, Cromwell: Our Chief of Men,
and
King Charles II.
Three highly praised books focus on women in history:
The Weaker Vessel: Women’s Lot in Seventeenth-Century Enxwgland, The Warrior Queens,
and
The Wives of Henry VIII.
Her most recent book was
Faith and Treason: The Story of the Gunpowder Plot.
She is the editor of the series of “Kings and Queens of England.” Antonia Fraser is married to Harold Pinter and lives in London.

BY ANTONIA FRASER