Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East (76 page)

112
‘KTB 3rd Pz. Div. vom 16.8.40 bis 18.9.41’ BA-MA RH 27–3/14, p. 160 (6 August 1941).

113
‘Kriegstagebuch der O.Qu.-Abt. Pz. A.O.K.2 von 21.6.41 bis 31.3.42’ BA-MA RH 21–2/819, Fol. 265 (2 August 1941).

114
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 141 (1 August 1941).

115
Ibid., p. 142 (2 August 1941).

116
Hürter,
Ein deutscher General
, p. 72 (3 August 1941).

117
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 145 (2 August 1941).

118
Rüdiger Overmans,
Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg
(Munich, 2000), pp. 277–278. To add some perspective, this one-month figure is 5,000 men
higher
than the total number of American soldiers killed in all the years of the Vietnam war (58,156). Overmans gives the figure for the number of Germans killed in December 1942 as 78,759 men. January 1943 more than doubled that figure at 180,310 men.

119
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 145 (2 August 1941).

120
‘Kriegstagebuch Nr.1 (Band August 1941) des Oberkommandos der Heeresgruppe Mitte’ BA-MA RH 19II/386, p. 233 (1 August 1941).

121
Franz Halder, KTB III, pp. 143–144 (2 August 1941).

122
Ibid., p. 144 (2 August 1941).

123
Ibid., p. 142 (2 August 1941).

124
Müller, ‘Das Scheitern der wirtschaftlichen “Blitzkriegstrategie”’, p. 965.

125
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 144 (2 August 1941).

126
Müller, ‘Das Scheitern der wirtschaftlichen “Blitzkriegstrategie”’, p. 962.

127
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 146 (3 August 1941).

128
Ibid., p. 144 (2 August 1941).

129
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 138 (1 August 1941); Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p. 186.

130
‘Kriegstagesbuch 19.Panzer-Division Abt.Ib für dir Zeit vom 1.6.1941 – 31.12.1942’ BA-MA RH 27–19/23, Fol. 24 (2 August 1941).

131
‘Kriegstagebuch der 10.Panzer Division Nr.5 vom: 22.5. bis: 7.10.41’ BA-MA RH 27–10/26b (2 August 1941).

132
Müller, ‘Das Scheitern der wirtschaftlichen “Blitzkriegstrategie”’, p. 964.

133
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 156 (5 August 1941).

134
Ibid., p. 149 (3 August 1941).

135
Ibid., p. 156 (5 August 1941).

136
‘Kriegstagebuch der O.Qu.-Abt. Pz. A.O.K.2 von 21.6.41 bis 31.3.42’ BA-MA RH 21–2/819, Fol. 267 (1 August 1941).

137
As quoted in Steiger,
Armour Tactics
, p. 124.

138
‘Kriegstagebuch Nr.2 XXXXVII.Pz.Korps. Ia 25.5.1941 – 22.9.1941’ BA-MA RH 24–47/2 (4 August 1941). See also ‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 Bd.II vom 22.7.1941 bis 20.8.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/928, Fols. 142–143 (4 August 1941).

139
Italics in the original. Heinz Boberach (ed.),
Meldungen aus dem Reich. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS 1938–1945
, Band VII (Berlin, 1984), Document 208, p. 2609 (1–4 August 1941). See also ibid., Band VIII (Berlin, 1984), Document 208, p. 2724 (4 September 1941).

140
Elke Fröhlich (ed.),
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels
, Teil II: Diktate 1941–1945, Band 1, Juli–September 1941 (Munich, 1996), pp. 115–116 (24 July 1941).

141
Kempowski (ed.),
Das Echolot Barbarossa ’41
, p. 171 (1 July 1941).

142
Ibid., p. 206 (3 July 1941).

143
Von Hassell,
Vom andern Deutschland
, p. 214 (2 August 1941); von Hassell,
Diaries
, p. 185 (2 August 1941).

144
Fröhlich (ed.),
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels
, Teil II, p. 98 (20 July 1941).

145
Curzio Malaparte,
The Volga Rises in Europe
(Edinburgh, 2000), p. 60 (7 July 1941).

146
Research by Karel C. Berkhoff on the Ukraine has suggested that this region remained largely opposed to the Soviet cause in the initial period of war. Ukrainians drafted into the Red Army were prone to desertion, while the peasantry consistently greeted the Germans as liberators. Karel C. Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair. Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule
(Cambridge, 2004), p. 34. See also Merridale,
Ivan's War
, pp. 90–93 and 105–106; Braithwaite,
Moscow 1941
, pp. 70–73;. Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, pp. 30–31.

147
Marius Broekmeyer,
Stalin, The Russians, and Their War 1941–1945
(London, 2004), pp. 201–203; Gennadi Bordiugov, ‘The Popular Mood in the Unoccupied Soviet Union: Continuity and Change During the War’ in Robert Thurston and Bernd Bonwetsch (eds.),
The People's War. Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union
(Chicago, 2000), pp. 54–70; Mikhail M. Gorinov, ‘Muscovites’ Moods, 22 June 1941 to May 1942’ in Robert Thurston and Bernd Bonwetsch (eds.),
The People's War. Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union
(Chicago, 2000), pp. 108–134; Andrei R. Dzeniskevich, ‘The Social and Political Situation in Leningrad in the First Months of the German Invasion: The Social Psychology of the Workers’ in Robert Thurston and Bernd Bonwetsch (eds.),
The People's War. Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union
(Chicago, 2000), pp. 71–83.

148
Bordiugov, ‘The Popular Mood’, p. 58.

149
Alexander Werth, a British correspondent working for the BBC, was stationed in the Soviet Union throughout the war and even granted the opportunity to travel around the country (at times alone) and visit the front. After the war he wrote: ‘In the fearful days of 1941–2 and in the next two and a half years of hard and costly victories, I never lost the feeling that this was a genuine People's War; first, a war waged by a people fighting for their life against terrible odds, and later a war fought by a fundamentally unaggressive people, now roused to anger and determined to demonstrate their own military superiority’ (Werth,
Russia at War 1941–1945
, p. xvi).

150
Broekmeyer,
Stalin, The Russians, and Their War 1941–1945
, p. 213; Werth,
Russia at War 1941–1945
, p. 429.

151
Barber and Harrison,
The Soviet Home Front 1941–1945
, p. 70.

152
Gorinov, ‘Muscovites’ Moods’, pp. 118–119.

153
Merridale,
Ivan's War
, p. 132.

154
Bordiugov, ‘The Popular Mood’, pp. 60–61.

155
‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 vom 22.6.1941 bis 21.7.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/927, Fol. 222 (14 July 1941).

156
‘Kriegstagebuch Nr.1 (Band August 1941) des Oberkommandos der Heeresgruppe Mitte’ BA-MA RH 19II/386, p. 240 (3 August 1941).

157
Fedor von Bock, KTB ‘Osten I’, Fol. 51,
War Diary
, pp. 272 (4 August 1941).

158
Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p. 189.

159
Gorlitz (ed.),
Memoirs of Field-Marshal Keitel
, pp. 150–151.

160
Kluge expressed his support for Hitler's preference in mid-July during a visit to Hoth's headquarters; ‘Panzerarmeeoberkommandos Anlagen zum Kriegstagesbuch “Berichte, Besprechungen, Beurteilungen der Lage” Bd.III 25.5.41 – 22.7.41’ BA-MA RH 21–3/46, Fol. 150 (14 July 1941). See also Blumentritt, ‘Moscow’, p. 51.

161
KTB OKW, Volume II, pp. 1042–1043, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, pp. 396–398.

162
KTB OKW, Volume II, pp. 1041 and 1043, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, pp. 396 and 398.

163
‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 Bd.II vom 22.7.1941 bis 20.8.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/928, Fol. 138 (4 August 1941).

164
KTB OKW, Volume II, p. 1041, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 396.

165
Hoth,
Panzer-Operationen
, p. 117.

166
KTB OKW, Volume II, p. 1043, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 398.

167
‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 Bd.II vom 22.7.1941 bis 20.8.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/928, Fol. 139 (4 August 1941).

168
KTB OKW, Volume II, p. 1042, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 396.

169
‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 Bd.II vom 22.7.1941 bis 20.8.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/928, Fol. 139 (4 August 1941). The memoirs of Guderian and Hoth both claim to have received no new tanks. This does not correlate with Panzer Group 2's war diary written on 4 August 1941. Guderian's memoir, written ten years later, is littered with factual errors and oversights – he also wrote that the number of new engines was 300, which does not tally with the OKW war diary either. Hoth's memoir, which appeared later in 1956, discusses these events with a footnote to Guderian's work and therefore repeated his mistake.

170
KTB OKW, Volume II, pp. 1041–1042, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 396.

171
‘KTB Nr.1 Panzergruppe 2 Bd.II vom 22.7.1941 bis 20.8.41’ BA-MA RH 21–2/928, Fol. 139 (4 August 1941).

172
KTB OKW, Volume II, p. 1042, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 396.

173
Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, p. 190.

174
KTB OKW, Volume II, p. 1042, Document 88 (4 August 1941); Mendelssohn,
Die Nürnberger Dokumente
, p. 397.

175
Franz Halder, KTB III, pp. 152–153 (4 August 1941).

176
Ibid., p. 155 (5 August 1941).

177
Ibid. (5 August 1941).

178
Halder's letter as cited by Schall-Riaucour,
Aufstand und Gehorsam
, p. 167 (5 August 1941).

179
Fröhlich (ed.),
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels
, Teil II, p. 159 (1 August 1941).

180
Fedor von Bock, KTB ‘Osten I’, Fols. 53–54,
War Diary
, pp. 273–274 (5 August 1941). See also ‘Tagesmeldungen der Heeresgruppe Mitte vom 16.7.41 bis 5.8.41’ BA-MA RH 19 II/129, Fol. 223 (5 August 1941).

181
‘Kriegstagebuch Nr.1 (Band August 1941) des Oberkommandos der Heeresgruppe Mitte’ BA-MA RH 19II/386, p. 234 (3 August 1941).

182
Ibid., p. 239 (3 August 1941).

183
Hürter,
Hitlers Heerführer
, pp. 286–287.

184
Blumentritt, ‘Moscow’, p. 52.

185
Kesselring,
Memoirs
, pp. 92–93.

186
Ibid., p. 99.

187
Ibid., p. 92.

188
An entry in Bock's diary on 29 July read: ‘The English are reporting: “The battle of Smolensk has ended with a Russian victory!”’ Fedor von Bock, KTB ‘Osten I’, Fol. 47,
War Diary
, p. 267 (29 July 1941).

189
Daily Express
, London, 28 July 1941; Roy Douglas,
The World War 1939–1943. The Cartoonists’ Vision
(London, 1990), p. 90.

190
Churchill,
The Second World War
, p. 462.

191
Albert Axell,
Stalin's War Through the Eyes of His Commanders
(London, 1997), p. 85.

192
Meier-Welcker,
Aufzeichnungen
, p. 126 (5 August 1941).

193
Ibid., p. 128 (16 August 1941).

194
Anatoly Golovchansky, Valentin Osipov, Anatoly Prokopenko, Ute Daniel and Jürgen Reulecke (eds.),
‘Ich will raus aus diesem Wahnsinn’. Deutsche Briefe von der Ostfront 1941–1945 Aus sowjetischen Archiven
(Hamburg, 1993), p. 25 (6 August 1941).

195
Hürter,
Ein deutscher General
, p. 73 (3 August 1941). See also his letter from 1 August, p. 72.

196
Glantz,
Battle for Smolensk
, pp. 31–33.

197
Ibid., p. 53.

198
Frisch with Jones, Jr.,
Condemned to Live
, p. 74.

199
Franz Halder, KTB III, p. 149 (3 August 1941).

200
Von Manstein,
Lost Victories
, p. 195.

201
David M. Glantz,
The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944
(Lawrence, 2002), p. 45.

202
Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, KTB, p. 310 (27 July 1941).

203
Lucas,
War of the Eastern Front
, pp. 108–110.

204
Glantz,
Battle for Leningrad
, p. 45.

205
Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, KTB, p. 313 (31 July 1941).

206
Ibid., pp. 316–317 (2 August 1941).