Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live (35 page)

BOOK: Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live
11.62Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

23 Ibid.

24 NewTreatments.org, http://www.newtreatments.org/index.

25 David and Zimmerman, “Cancer: An Old Disease.”

26 R. David, in Coghlan, “Briefing: Cancer Is Not.”

27 Deborah Mitchell, “Mummies Don’t Lie: Cancer Is Modern and Man Made,”
EmaxHealth
, October 15, 2010, http://www.emaxhealth.com/1275/mummies-dont-lie-cancer-modern-and-man-made.

28 Richard Alleyne, “Cancer Caused by Modern Man as It Was Virtually Non-existent in Ancient World,”
Telegraph
, October 14, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/8064554/Cancer-caused-by-modern-man-as-it-was-virtually-non-existent-in-ancient-world.html.

29 “Report to the Nation Finds Continuing Declines in Cancer Death Rates since the Early 1990s,” NCI Press Release, National Cancer Institute, accessed August 2012, http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/2012/ReportNationRelease2012.

30 Waldron, “What Was the Prevalence?”

31 Nerlich and Bachmeier, “Paleopathology of Malignant Tumours.”

32 Coghlan, “Briefing: Cancer Is Not.”

33 Finch, “Evolution of the Human Lifespan.”

34 Greaves, “Darwinian Medicine.”

35 Crespi, “Emergence of Human-Evolutionary Medical Genomics.”

36 Ibid.

Chapter 10: Are We Still Evolving? A Tale of Genes, Altitude, and Earwax

1 Stiffler, January 7, 2010 (12:08 p.m.), comment on C. Zimmer, “The Origin of the Future: Death by Mutation?”
The Loom
(blog),
Discover Magazine
, January 7, 2010, http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2010/01/07/the-origin-of-the-future-death-by-mutation.

2 klcarbaugh, October 31, 2009 (12:22 p.m.), comment on topic “Human Evolution Speeding Up,”
Caveman Forum
, http://cavemanforum.com/research/human-evolution-speeding-up/msg16332/#msg16332.

3 Destor, October 4, 2010 (12:04 p.m.), comment on topic “Rapid Evolutionary Adaptations,”
Caveman Forum
, http://cavemanforum.com/diet-and-nutrition/rapid-evolutionary-adaptations/msg38901/#msg38901.

4 BragonDorn, January 7, 2012 (5:22 p.m.), comment on Heskew, “Are Humans Still Evolving?”
Sports Abode
(blog), January 7, 2012, http://www.thesportsabode.com/2012/01/are-humans-still-evolving.html.

5 Alfred Lord Tennyson,
In Memoriam A. H. H.

6 Greg, “On the Failure.”

7 Tait, “Has the Law of Natural Selection?”

8 Darwin,
Descent of Man
, 501.

9 Shepherd, “Lawson Tait.”

10 McKie, “Is Human Evolution Finally Over?”

11 Stock, “Are Humans Still Evolving?”

12 Meredith Small, quoted in “Ask the Experts: Are Human Beings Still Evolving? It Would Seem That Evolution Is Impossible Now That the Ability to Reproduce Is Essentially Universally Available. Are We Nevertheless Changing as a Species?”
Scientific American
, October 21, 1999, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=are-human-beings-still-ev.

13 Hawks, “Human Evolution Stopping?”

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid.

16 Ibid.

17 Balter, “Are Humans Still Evolving?”

18 Byars et al., “Natural Selection.”

19 Ibid.

20 Stearns et al., “Measuring Selection.”

21 Milot et al., “Evidence for Evolution.”

22 Stearns et al., “Measuring Selection.”

23 Ibid.

24 Ibid.

25 Yi et al., “Sequencing of 50 Human Exomes.”

26 Simonson et al., “Genetic Evidence.”

27 Storz, “Genes for High Altitudes.”

28 Williamson et al., “Localizing Recent Adaptive Evolution.”

29 Ibid.

30 Hernandez et al., “Classic Selective Sweeps Were Rare.”

31 Yoshiura et al., “SNP in the
ABCC
11 Gene.”

32 Ward, “What Will Become of
Homo sapiens
?”

33 Allen, “Why Humans Are Crazy for Crispy.”

34 Graves, “Feel as Happy as a Pig in Mud!”

35 Michelle, January 4, 2012, comment on M. Sisson, “How Much Have Human Dietary Requirements Evolved in the Last 10,000 Years?”
Mark’s Daily Apple
(blog), January 4, 2012, http://www.marksdailyapple.com/are-humans-still-evolving/#axzz22WKGUl1R.

Bibliography

Introduction

Balter, M. “How Human Intelligence Evolved—Is It Science or ‘Paleofantasy’?”
Science
319 (2008): 1028.

Cochran, G., and Harpending, H.
The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution
. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

Coyne, J. A.
Why Evolution Is True
. New York: Penguin, 2010.

Holland, J. “The Cavewoman’s Guide to Good Health.”
Glamour
, September 2010. http://www.glamour.com/health-fitness/2010/09/the-cavewomans-guide-to-good-health.

McKie, R. “Is Human Evolution Finally Over?
Observer
, February 2, 2002.

Shubin, N.
Your Inner Fish
. New York: Vintage, 2009.

Simpson, G. G.
Tempo and Mode in Evolution
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1944.

Tinghitella, R. M., and Zuk, M. “Asymmetric Mating Preferences Accommodated the Rapid Evolutionary Loss of a Sexual Signal.”
Evolution
63 (2009): 2087–98.

Wade, N.
Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors
. New York: Penguin, 2007.

Zuk, M., Rotenberry, J. T., and Tinghitella, R. M. “Silent Night: Adaptive Disappearance of a Sexual Signal in a Parasitized Population of Field Crickets.
Biology Letters
2 (2006): 521–24.

Chapter 1: Cavemen in Condos

Alleyne, R. “Neanderthals Really Were Sex-Obsessed Thugs.”
Telegraph
, November 3, 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/evolution/8104939/Neanderthals-really-were-sex-obsessed-thugs.html.

Bower, B. “The Strange Case of the Tasaday.”
Science News
135 (1989): 280–83.

Boyd, R., and Silk, J. B.
How Humans Evolved
. 5th ed. New York: Norton, 2009.

———.
How Humans Evolved
. 6th ed. New York: Norton, 2012.

Brown, D. E.
Human Universals
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

“Cavemen Randier Than People Today.”
Mirror
, November 3, 2010. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/cavemen-randier-than-people-today-259336.

“Diet Fad from the Stone Age.”
Sydney Morning Herald
, February 8, 2010. http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/wellbeing/diet-fad-from-the-stone-age-20100208-nmol.html.

Enard, W., Przeworski, M., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S. L., Wiebe, V., Kitano, T., Monaco, A. P., and Paabo, S. “Molecular Evolution of FOXP2, a Gene Involved in Speech and Language.”
Nature
418 (2002): 869–72. doi:10.1038/nature01025.

“Evolution: Neanderthals Matured Fast.”
Nature
468 (2010): 478. doi:10.1038/468478c.

Gibbons, A. “Lucy’s Toolkit? Old Bones May Show Earliest Evidence of Tool Use.”
Science
329 (2010): 738–39.

Glendinning, L., and agencies. “Neanderthals: Not Stupid, Just Different.”
Guardian
, August 26, 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/aug/26/evolution.

Goldstein, J. “The New Age Cavemen and the City.”
New York Times
, January 8, 2010.

Green, R. E., Krause, J., Briggs, A. W., Maricic, T., Stenzel, U., Kircher, M., Patterson, N., et al. “A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome.”
Science
328 (2010): 710–22. doi:10.1126/science.1188021.

Hawks, J. “The Cavemen Are Happy in the Modern World.”
John Hawks Weblog
(blog), January 11, 2010. http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/humor/caveman-diet-nytimes-2010.html.

Hawks, J. “ ‘Naughty Neandertals’ Did What?”
John Hawks Weblog
(blog), September 24, 2010. http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/neandertals/development/digit-ratio-nelson-neandertal-2009.html.

———. “Neandertal Stories on Parade.”
John Hawks Weblog
(blog), December 4, 2010. http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/neandertals/symbolism/mckie-neandertal-story-2010.html.

———. “Ozzy Osbourne, Archaic Human.”
John Hawks Weblog
(blog), October 25, 2010. http://johnhawks.net/node/14969.

Jacobsen, H. “Essential Caveman Lifestyle and Environmental Changes: Maintaining a Caveman Body Is a Four Legged Stool.” Diabetes Cure 101, March 6, 2006, http://diabetescure101.com/cavemansbody.shtml.

Joyce, R. “Do Our Ancestors Walk among Us?”
What Makes Us Human
(blog),
Psychology Today
, September 22, 2010. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/what-makes-us-human/201009/do-our-ancestors-walk-among-us.

———. “Fingering Neanderthal Sexuality.”
What Makes Us Human
(blog),
Psychology Today
, November 4, 2010. http://www.psychologytoday.com/node/50068.

Keim, B. “Neanderthals Not Dumb, but Made Dull Gadgets.”
Wired Science
(blog),
Wired
, August 26, 2008. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/08/neanderthals-no.

Kratochvíl, L., and Flegr, J. “Differences in the 2nd to 4th Digit Length Ratio in Humans Reflect Shifts along the Common Allometric Line.”
Biology Letters
5 (2009): 643–46.

Manning, J. T.
Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior and Health
. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.

Martin, A. “We’ve All Suspected, Now It’s Official: Ozzy Osbourne IS a Neanderthal.”
Daily Mail
, October 25, 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1323455/Weve-suspected-official-Ozzy-Osbourne-IS-Neanderthal.html.

Milius, S. “Tapeworms Tell Tales of Deeper Human Past.”
Science News
, April 7, 2001. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_14_159/ai_104730217.

“Neanderthals Had a Naughty Sex Life, Unusual Study Suggests.” Agence France Press, November 2, 2010. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j3ojS1P2CP41qjX2cq_k_ANwgmDA?docId=CNG.d38937404101e4d7e98cb91a23a3c053.41.

Nelson, E., Rolian, C., Cashmore, L., and Shultz, S. “Digit Ratios Predict Polygyny in Early Apes,
Ardipithecus
, Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans but Not in
Australopithecus
.
Proceedings of the Royal Society. B
278 (2010): 1556–63. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1740.

Simopoulos, A. P., and Robinson, J.
The Omega Diet: The Lifesaving Nutritional Program Based on the Best of the Mediterranean Diets
. New York: Harper Paperbacks, 1999.

Smith, T. M., Tafforeau, P., Reid, D. J., Pouech, J., Lazzari, V., Zermeno, J. P., Guatelli-Steinberg, D., et al. “Dental Evidence for Ontogenetic Differences between Modern Humans and Neanderthals.” Preprint, submitted to
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
July 26, 2010. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/11/08/1010906107.

Sponheimer, M., and Lee-Thorp, J. A. “Isotopic Evidence for the Diet of an Early Hominid,
Australopithecus africanus
.”
Science
283 (1999): 368–70.

“Stone Me—He’s Smart, He’s Tough, and He’s Equal to Any Homo sapiens.” Scotsman.com, August 25, 2008. http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/stone-me-he-s-smart-he-s-tough-and-he-s-equal-to-any-homo-sapiens-1-1087209.

Wade, N.
Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors
. New York: Penguin, 2007.

White, T. D., Asfaw, B., Beyene, Y., Haile-Selassie, Y., Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., and WoldeGabriel, G. “
Ardipithecus ramidus
and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids.”
Science
326 (2009): 75–86.

White, T. H. “Hominid Paleobiology: How Has Darwin Done?” In
Evolution since Darwin: The First 150 Years
, edited by M. A. Bell, D. J. Futuyma, W. F. Eanes, and J. S. Levinton, 519–60. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, 2010.

Wrangham, R.
Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human
. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

Wrangham, R., and Peterson, D.
Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

Wrangham, R., and Pilbeam, D. “African Apes as Time Machines.” In
The Human Evolution Source Book
, 2nd ed., edited by R. L. Ciochon and J. G. Fleagle, 33–38. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.

Zihlman, A. “The Paleolithic Glass Ceiling: Women in Human Evolution.” In
Women in Human Evolution
, edited by L. D. Hager, 91–114. London: Routledge, 1997.

Zimmer, C.
Smithsonian Intimate Guide to Human Origins
. New York: Harper Perennial, 2007.

Chapter 2: Are We Stuck?

Bowles, S. “Did Warfare among Ancestral Hunter-Gatherers Affect the Evolution of Human Social Behaviors?”
Science
324 (2009): 1293–98.

Britten, R. J. “Divergence between Samples of Chimpanzee and Human DNA Sequences Is 5%, Counting Indels.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
99 (2002): 13633–35.

Carroll, S. B. “Genetics and the Making of
Homo sapiens
.”
Nature
422 (2003): 849–57.

Cochran, G., and Harpending, H.
The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution
. New York: Basic Books, 2009.

Cordain, L.
The Paleo Diet: Lose Weight and Get Healthy by Eating the Foods You Were Designed to Eat
. New York: Wiley, 2001.

Cosmides, L., and Tooby, J. “Evolutionary Psychology: A Primer.” Center for Evolutionary Psychology, last modified January 13, 1997, http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/cep/primer.html.

Denham, T. P., Iriarte, J., and Vrydaghs, L., eds.
Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives
. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2009.

Diamond, J. “The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race.”
Discover
, May 1987.

Feeney, J. “Agriculture: Ending the World as We Know It.”
Zephyr
, August–September 2010.

Gage, T. B. “Are Modern Environments Really Bad for Us?: Revisiting the Demographic and Epidemiologic Transitions.”
Yearbook of Physical Anthropology
48 (2005): 96–117.

Harris, D. R. “Agriculture, Cultivation, and Domestication: Exploring the Conceptual Framework of Early Food Production.” In
Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives
, edited by T. P. Denham, J. Iriarte, and L. Vrydaghs, 16–35. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2009.

Hawks, J. “Why Human Evolution Accelerated.”
John Hawks Weblog
(blog), December 12, 2007. http://johnhawks.net/weblog/topics/evolution/selection/acceleration/accel_story_2007.html.

Irons, W. “Adaptively Relevant Environments versus the Environment ofEvolutionary Adaptedness.”
Evolutionary Anthropology
6 (1998): 194–204.

Kaplan, H. S., Hill, K., Lancaster, J. B., and Hurtado, A. M. “A Theory of Human Life History Evolution: Diet, Intelligence, and Longevity.”
Evolutionary Anthropology
9 (2000): 156–85.

Lee, R. B.
The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Marks, J.
What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

O’Connell, S. “Is Farming the Root of All Evil?”
Telegraph
, June 23, 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/5604296/Is-farming-the-root-of-all-evil.html.

Powell, A., Shennan, S., and Thomas, M. G. “Late Pleistocene Demography and the Appearance of Modern Human Behavior.”
Science
324 (2009): 1298–1301.

Radosavljevic, Z. “Stone Age Sights, Sounds, Smells at Croat Museum.”
Reuters
, March 1, 2010. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/01/us-neanderthal-croatia-museum-idUSTRE6202EW20100301.

Singer, P. “Is Violence History?”
New York Times
, October 6, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/books/review/the-better-angels-of-our-nature-by-steven-pinker-book-review.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all.

Strassmann, B. I., and Dunbar, R. I. M. “Human Evolution and Disease: Putting the Stone Age in Perspective.” In
Evolution in Health and Disease
, edited by S. C. Stearns, 91–101. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Tooby, J., and Cosmides, L. “The Past Explains the Present: Emotional Adaptations and the Structure of Ancestral Environments.”
Ethology and Sociobiology
11 (1990): 375–424.

Wells, S.
Pandora’s Seed: The Unforeseen Cost of Civilization
. New York: Random House, 2010.

Wright, S. “The Roles of Mutation, Inbreeding, Crossbreeding and Selection in Evolution.” In
Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Genetics, Ithaca, New York, 1932, Vol. 1: Transactions and General Addresses
, edited by Donald F. Jones, 356–66. 1932.

Chapter 3: Crickets, Sparrows, and Darwins—or, Evolution before Our Eyes

Allendorf, F. W., and Hard, J. L. “Human-Induced Evolution Caused by Unnatural Selection through Harvest of Wild Animals.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
106 (2009): 9987–94.

Barrett, R. D. H., Paccard, A., Healy, T. M., Bergek, S., Schulte, P. M., Schluter, D., and Rogers, S. M. “Rapid Evolution of Cold Tolerance in Stickleback.”
Proceedings of the Royal Society B
278 (2010): 233–38.

Berthold, P., Helbig, A. J., Mohr, G., and Querner, U. “Rapid Microevolution of Migratory Behaviour in a Wild Bird Species.”
Nature
360 (1992): 668–70.

Bumpus, H. C. “The Elimination of the Unfit as Illustrated by the Introduced House Sparrow,
Passer domesticus
.”
Biological Lectures Delivered at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole
(1899), 209–25.

Carroll, S. P. “Facing Change: Forms and Foundations of Contemporary Adaptation to Biotic Invasions.”
Molecular Ecology
17 (2008): 361–72.

BOOK: Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live
11.62Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

Other books

3:AM Kisses by Addison Moore
Denver by Sara Orwig
Instances of the Number 3 by Salley Vickers
Lorik (The Lorik Trilogy) by Neighbors, Toby
Ghosts of Mayfield Court by Russell, Norman
Tiger Bound by Tressie Lockwood
Pets on Parade (Prospect House 2) by Welshman, Malcolm D.