Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (126 page)

55. Memoranda on agents "Physician," "Sonny," and "Lyudmila," 23 June 1951,
KGB file 77273, pp. 245-47, Vassiliev, White #2, 137; Memo re Trotsky's connection
with the U.S.; Bredis memo re agent file no. 14127 on concessionaire Yuly Yakovlevich Hammer, KGB file 15359, pp. 8-11, Vassiliev, Odd Pages, 4-5.

56. Statement by Dr. Yuly Yakovlevich Hammer, KGB file 15359, pp. 3-7, Vassiliev, Odd Pages, 1-4. Closing quote missing from the notebook and inserted here.

57. Memoranda on agents "Physician," "Sonny," and "Lyudmila," 23 June 1951,
KGB file 77273, pp. 245-47, Vassiliev, White #2, 137-38

58. Memo from OGPU agent, 'o July 1931; Memo re "Victor Yuliyevich Hammer," KGB file 77273, pp. 3-9,13, Vassiliev, White #2, 'oo.

59. Memoranda on agents "Physician," "Sonny," and "Lyudmila," 23 June 1951;
Memo re A. V. Hammer, circa 1941, KGB file 77273, pp. 125-26, 245-47, Vassiliev,
White #2, 113-14, 137-38.

6o. Memo from OVIR, 7 October 1942; Ovakimyan request, 30 January 1943;
Moscow Center to KGB New York, 29 January 1943; Moscow Center to KGB New
York, 20 August 1943, KGB file 77273, pp. 16 (reverse), 18, 20, 23, Vassiliev, White
#2, 101-2.

61. Ovakimyan request, 26 February 1943; Agent memo, December 1942;
Memo based on the file/data sheet no. 8859; Sharapov and Zaporozhchenko agent
memo, 29 May 1945, KGB file 77273, PP. 15, 24, 27 (and reverse), 49-50, Vassiliev,
White #2, ioo-io6.

62. Sharapov and Zaporozhchenko agent memo, 29 May 1945, KGB file 77273,
pp. 27 (reverse), Vassiliev, White #2, 103.

63. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 21 May 1945, KGB file 77273, P. 53,
Vassiliev, White #2, 107.

64. Memo re V. D. Hammer, 13 October 1950; Memo re A. V. Hammer, KGB
file 77273, pp. 84-85, 125-26, Vassiliev, White #2, 109, 113-14.

65. Gorsky request, 12 August 195o; Savchenko request, 15 August 1950; Memo
re V. D. Hammer, 13 October 1950; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 25 December 1950; "Levin" report, 2 February 1951; Utekhin to Pitovranov, June 1951,
KGB file 77273, PP. 55-56, 84-85, 127-31, 136-38, Vassiliev, White #2, 107-9,114-
15.

66. Sharapov and Mishakov, background report re Varvara Hammer, 22 December 1950; Memo re A. V. Hammer; Gorsky memo, December 1952, KGB file
77273, PP. 98-105, 125-26, 257-58, Vassiliev, White #2, 110-14, 139.

67. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 7 February 1952; Gorsky, Memo re A.
V. Hammer, 8 June 1951; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 7 February 1952; KGB
New York to Moscow Center, re "Miron" meeting with "Sonny" on 8 February 1952;
Moscow Center to KGB New York, 23 February 1952, KGB file 77273, pp. 110,
147-51, 157, 161, Vassiliev, White #2,113,115-19.

68. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 23 February 1952; Moscow Center to
KGB New York, 17 May 1952; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 29 May 1952;
KGB New York to Moscow Center, 20 June 1952; Report on meeting of 1g June
1952, KGB file 77273, PP. 157, 168-69, 174, 177-79, 182-83, Vassiliev, White #2,
118, 120-22.

6g. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 27 September 1952; Reports on meeting on 25 and 28 October 1952, KGB file 77273, pp. 185-87, 194-97, Vassiliev,
White #2, 122-24.

70. Report on meeting of 25 November 1952; "Tikhon" to Pavlov, reply to letter of 27 September 1952; Gorsky annotation, 3o December 1952; Moscow Center
to KGB New York, 13 January 1953, KGB file 77273, PP. 188-93, 198, Vassiliev,
White #2, 124-26.

71. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 13 January 1953; Moscow Center to
"Tikhon," 6 February 1953; unsent Moscow Center letter to KGB New York, circa
1953, KGB file 77273, pp. 203-6, 210-11, Vassiliev, White #2, 126-27.

72. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 15 April 1953; KGB New York to
Moscow Center re meeting of 3 April 1953, KGB file 77273, pp. 212-18, Vassiliev,
White #2, 131-32.

73. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 28 April 1953; KGB New York to
Moscow Center, 27 May 1953; Report of meeting on 29 October 1953; Moscow Center to KGB New York, 21 November 1953; Tishkov to Voronin, 21 November 1953,
KGB file 77273, PP. 222-24, 234-39, Vassiliev, White #2, 133-37.

74. Menlo, 29 September 1955, KGB file 77273, pp. 282, Vassiliev, White #2,
141. Victor Hammer's second wife was Irene Wicker, an actress and radio performer.

75. "Operational contact"; Moscow Center to Vlasov, 18 August 1956; Agent report from "Negro," 1g July 1956; Agent report from "Negro," 22 July 1956, KGB file
77273, PP. 307-8, 310-19, Vassiliev, White #2, 142-46.

76. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 9 January 1957, KGB file 77273,
pp. 324-28, Vassiliev, White #2, 147-48.

77. KGB New York to Moscow Center with Feklisov annotation, 2 May 1957;
KGB New York to Moscow Center, 31 May 1957; Moscow Center to KGB New
York, 12 August 1957; Memo with Feklisov concurrence, 20 August 1957, KGB file
77273, PP. 332-38, Vassiliev, White #2, 148-50.

78. Plan for agent-operative action to re-establish an agent relationship with
agent "Screw," May 1965; Shaytukhov memo, 8 June 1965; Shaytukhov memo, 20
December 1965; Shaytukhov memo, May 1966, KGB file 77273, pp. 340-45, 35354, Vassiliev, White #2, 150-54.

79. Yeliseyev and Kondrashov to Ivanov, 13 June 1966, with Maslov outline of
conversation, 12 Jame 1966, KGB file 77273, PP. 346-50, Vassiliev, White #2, 15354.

8o. Weinberg, Hamner, 413; Epstein, Dossier, 27, 349.

81. Epstein, Dossier, 112-13. Memo re Armand Hammer, 8 September 1972,
KGB file 77273, P. 359, Vassiliev, White #2, 155.

82. Fitin, Sudoplatov, and Zarubin, "Plan for the organization of the illegal station," 17 April 1940; "Stephan" was supposed; Butkov to Prudnikov, 11 April 1941,
KGB file 35112, v.1, pp. 19, 47-48, 89, Vassiliev, Black, 167, 172, 175.

83. Max Eastman to Corliss Lamont, New International 4, no. 4 (April 1938):
122.

84. Testimony of Louis Budenz, 30 January 1953, U.S. Senate Committee on
Government Operations, Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee
on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations (Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 2003), v.3, 1917; Corliss Lamont executive session testimony,
28 January 1953, in U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations, Hearings
before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Communist Infiltration in the
Army (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1953), 1-19; Edward S. Shapiro,
"Corliss Lamont and Civil Liberties," Modern Age 42, 110. 2 (April 2000): 158-75;
Corliss Lamont, A Lifetime of Dissent (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988).

85. Work on Trotskyites, KGB file 3461, v.1, pp. 104-5, 117, Vassiliev, Black,
10. On Miller's anti-Trotsky work, see John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klelir, Venona:
Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press [Nota
Bene], 2000), 263-66, 276.

86. "We now have," circa 1937; "Your latest," circa 1937, KGB file 3464, v.1,
pp. 113-14, 119-20, Vassiliev, Black, 28.

87. Thomas Black testimony, 17 May 1956, U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., 1956), part 21, pp. 1113-1124.

88. Entries of Callen as "Satyr" and "Rita" are in Vassiliev, Black, 78, 101, 161,
176, and Vassiliev, White #i, 18, 49, 55. Also see John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr,
Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press,
1999), 261-63.

89. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 25 May 1938; KGB New York to
Moscow Center, 14 September 1938, KGB file 15428, pp. 13, 31, Vassiliev, White #2,
85-86, 89. "Gennady" to Moscow Center, 5 November 1939, KGB file 28554, v.1,
pp. 1g-21, Alexander Vassiliev, Yellow Notebook #4 [2007 English Translation],
trans. Steven Shabad (1993-96), 113-14. Moscow Center to "Jung," 31 July 1937;
"Jung to Moscow Center, 28 September 1937, KGB file 36857, v.i, pp. 83, 94,
Alexander Vassiliev, Yellow Notebook #2 [2007 English Translation], trans. Philip
Redko (1993-96), 17, 20. "Regarding Trotsky's activities," 1937, KGB file 3591, v.6,
pp. 36-41; Memo, 5 April 1937, KGB file 16695, v.12, p. 40, Vassiliev, Yellow #4, 98,
112.

go. Butkov to Prudnikov, ii April 1941; Report to Beria, KGB file 35112, v.1,
pp. 5, 87, go, Vassiliev, Black, 165, 175-76. Pavel Sudoplatov et al., Special Tasks: The
Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster (Boston: Little, Brown, 1994),
65-69.

g1. "Existing Corroboration of Bentley's Overall Testimony," 6 May 1955, serial
4201, FBI Silvermaster file 65-56402; Venona 116o KGB New York to Moscow, 17
July 1943; Sudoplatov et al., Special Tasks, 73-74.

92. Albert Glotzer, Trotsky: Memoir and Critique (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus
Books, 1g8g), 307n11.

93. Christopher M. Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield:
The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books,
1999), 87-88; E. M. Primakov, Ocherki istorii rossiiskoi vneshnei razvedki, t. 3: 19331944 [Outline of the History of Russian External Intelligence, v.3: 1933-1941]
(Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1995), 98, 100-101. Moscow Center to
"Gennady," g November 1939, KGB file 35112, v.5a, PP. 394-95, Vassiliev, Black,
161; Sudoplatov et al., Special Tasks, 74.

94. Louis Budenz affidavit, ii November i95o, U.S. House Committee on UnAmerican Activities, American Aspects of Assassination of Leon Trotsky (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1951). American Communists were also intimately
involved with the KGB's efforts to free Mercader from a Mexican prison. Haynes
and Klehr, Venona (2000), 279-83.

95. Moscow Center to "Gennady," 27 January 1941; Moscow Center to "Gennady," 24 February 1941, KGB file 35112, v.4, pp. 66-67, 115-17, Vassiliev, White
#1, 16-18.

96. Moscow Center to "Maxim," 26 October 1942, and Moscow Center to
"Maxim," 20 August 1943, KGB file 35112, v.6, pp. 280-81, 507; Moscow Center to
"May," 29 May 1944, KGB file 35112, v.8, p. 76, Vassiliev, White #1, 39-40, 42, 57.

97. "Informer's" conversation with "Echo," circa 1943, KGB file 35112, v.7,
P. 494, Vassiliev, White #1, 53; "Maxim" to Moscow Center, circa 22 October 1943,
KGB file 82702, v.1, p. 97, Alexander Vassiliev, Yellow Notebook #1 [2007 English
Translation], trans. Philip Redko (1993-96), 8.

i. "Press Release Issued by the Department of State, 25 August 1935, U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers: The
Soviet Union, 1933-1939 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1952), 25o-5i;
"In Washington," circa 1935, KGB file 3460, v.2, p. 26, Alexander Vassiliev, Black
Notebook [2007 English Translation], trans. Philip Redko (1993-96), 21.

2. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 31 August 1934; Moscow Center to KGB
New York, 9 September 1934; KGB New York to Moscow Center, io September
1934; "Jung" to Moscow Center, 2 October 1934, KGB file 17643, v.1, pp. 29-31, 38,
Vassiliev, Black, 36-37; "Jung" to Moscow Center, 5 July 1937, KGB file 40132, v.1,
p. 27, Alexander Vassiliev, Yellow Notebook #2 [2007 English Translation], trans.
Philip Redko (1993-96), 83.

3. Shorthand record of Iskhak Akhmerov lecture, KI KGB archive, 1954, reproduced in A. E. Vassiliev and A. A. Koreshkov, Station Chief Gold, Andropov Red
Banner Institute, 1984, pp. 31-32, Vassiliev, Black, 139.

4. SAC New York to Director, ii March 1963, serial 811; SAC New York to Director, 15 March 1963, serial 813; SAC New York to Director, 15 April 1963, serial
829, FBI Iskhak Akhmerov file 65-57905. Zarubin to Merkulov, "Memorandum (on
the station's work in the country)," 30 September 1944, KGB file 35112, v.1, pp. 41517; "Mer" to Moscow Center, 28 July 1942, KGB file 35112, v.7, p. 107, Alexander
Vassiliev, White Notebook #1 [2007 English Translation], trans. Steven Shabad
(1993-96), 12, 45. Fitin, Sudoplatov, and Zarubin, "Plan for the organization of the
illegal station," 17 April 1940; Prudnikov, "He arrives," June 1941, KGB file 35112,
v.i, pp. 18, 46, Vassiliev, Black, 66, 172.

5. "Mer" to Moscow Center, 28 July 1942, KGB file 35112, v.7, pp. 107-9, Vassiliev, White #1, 46.

6. "Nikolay" personal file, KGB file 9995, pp. 11-12, Vassiliev, White #1, 132.

7. "Nikolay" to Moscow Center, 28 June 1938, KGB file 35112, v.5, pp. 40-41,
Vassiliev, Black, 151-52.

8. "To the CC of the VKP(b), Cde. Vasilyev," circa 1938, KGB file 9995, p. 40,
Vassiliev, White #1, 132.

g. "Kurt's" report, 13 December 1938, KGB file 34194, PP. 305-6, Vassiliev,
White #1, 128-29. "Kurt's" identity is unclear, possibly Audrey Graur or Vasily
Mironov.

10. "Gennady" to "Reggie," 21 January 1939, KGB file 34194, pp. 129-30, Vassiliev, White #1, 125.

ii. Report by Graur, 7 April 1939; "Memorandum from "Yuz," 30 January 1939,
KGB file 34194, PP. 225-35, 497, 555; "Smith," 15 August 1940, KGB file 70994,
p. 257, Vassiliev, White #1, 127-28, 131, 148. Feldman is discussed in chapter 4.
Graur's cover name in the United States is unknown, and it is possible that he was
the unidentified "Kurt." But there were other unidentified officers as well, such as
"Glan."

12. Fitin to Beria, 25 September 1939, KGB file 35112, v.1, pp. 5-io, Vassiliev,
Black, 165-66.

13. Butkov and Graur report on Ovakimyan, September 1939, KGB file 34194,
pp. 1-6; Ilya Lvovich Durmashkin testimony, 10 July 1938, KGB file 70994, P. 181,
Vassiliev, White #1, 122-24, 147.

14. Butkov and Graur report on Ovakimyan, September 1939, KGB file 34194,
pp. 1-6, Vassiliev, White #1, 122-24.

15. Fitin to Beria, 27 October 1939; Moscow Center to "Luka," KGB file 34194,
pp. 266, 396, Vassiliev, White #1, 128-29. Pavel Pastelnyak used the pseudonym of
"Pavel Klarin" in the United States.

16. "Gennady was supposed"; "Luka" to Moscow Center, 20 April 1940, KGB file
34194, PP. 354, 385, Vassiliev, White #1, 128-30.

17. KGB New York to Moscow Center, May 1941; Decision by Merkulov, 9 May
1941; "Gennady" file entries, KGB file 34194, PP. 423-25, 430-31, 433, 438, Vassiliev, White #1, 131. Dismissed in 1947 in another Stalin initiated shake-up of the
security services, Ovakimvan became a Soviet chemical industry administrator.