Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (112 page)

6
Jackson,
Botswana
, pp. 132–3.

7
Kerslake,
Time and the Hour
, p. 163.

8
Crowder, ‘The 1939–45 war’, pp. 596, 611.

9
Pearce, ‘The colonial economy’, p. 276.

10
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, p. 195; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 301.

11
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, p. 204.

12
Ibid., pp. 206–7.

13
Wright,
The World and a Very Small Place in Africa
, p. 196.

14
Jackson,
Botswana
, pp. 138–41.

15
Ibid., pp. 143–4.

16
Sen,
Poverty and Famines
, pp. 155–6.

17
Wright,
The World and a Very Small Place in Africa
, p. 195.

18
Jackson,
Botswana
, p. 156.

19
Killingray, ‘African civilians’, p. 141.

20
28 per cent of land in Mauritius was turned over to food crops. The same thing happened in Barbados where 35 per cent of the land was reallocated for growing food. Jackson,
The British Empire
, pp. 49, 86.

21
The Production of Food Crops
, p. 6.

22
Tunzelmann,
Indian Summer
, p. 138.

23
Smith,
Conflict over Convoys
, p. 156.

24
The Production of Food Crops
, pp. 7, 8, 11.

25
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 50.

26
Ibid., p. 16; Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, p. 91.

27
Chandos,
The Memoirs
, pp. 222–3.

28
Ibid., p. 238.

29
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 83.

30
Ibid., pp. 81, 83.

31
Ibid., p. 45.

32
Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, p. 89.

33
Cooper,
Cairo
, p. 162.

34
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 25.

35
Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, p. 129.

36
Ibid., p. 88.

37
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 117.

38
Jackson,
The British Empire
, pp. 120–1; Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, p. 30.

39
Jackson,
The British Empire
, pp. 166, 198.

40
Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, pp. 55, 58, 65.

41
Milward,
War, Economy and Society
, p. 280.

42
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 81.

43
Ibid., p. 121.

44
Ibid., p. 124.

45
Ibid., p. 106.

46
Ibid., p. 112.

47
Ibid., p. 84.

48
50.8 million to 19.4 million net registered tons. Ibid., p. 127.

49
Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, pp. 66–7, 263, 283.

50
Ibid., pp. 327–9; Milward,
War, Economy and Society
, p. 280.

51
Wilmington,
The Middle East Supply Centre
, p. 158; Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, p. 334.

52
Gann and Duigan, ‘Introduction’, pp. 19–20.

53
Anderson and Throup, ‘Africans and agricultural production’, p. 345.

54
Spencer, ‘Settler dominance’, p. 504.

55
Ibid., p. 499; Lonsdale, ‘The depression’, p. 120.

56
Spencer, ‘Settler dominance’, p. 502; Lonsdale, ‘The depression’, p. 121.

57
Ibid., p. 123; Holland, ‘Mobilization’, p. 189.

58
Spencer, ‘Settler dominance’, p. 504.

59
Johnson, ‘Settler farmers’, pp. 116–17.

60
Ibid., p. 120.

61
Ibid., p. 122.

62
Vickery, ‘The Second World War’, pp. 433–5.

63
Johnson, ‘Settler farmers’, pp. 122–3.

64
Anderson and Throup, ‘Africans and agricultural production’, p. 337.

65
Spencer, ‘Settler dominance’, pp. 507–8, 512.

66
Vaughan and Moore,
Cutting Down Trees
, p. 87.

67
Ibid., pp. 95–6.

68
Iliffe,
A Modern History of Tanganyika
, p. 371.

69
Ibid., pp. 351–2.

70
Anderson and Throup, ‘Africans and agricultural production’, pp. 337–8.

71
Vaughan and Moore,
Cutting Down Trees
, pp. 106–7.

72
Lonsdale, ‘The depression’, p. 125.

73
Vaughan and Moore,
Cutting Down Trees
, p. 96.

74
Lonsdale, ‘The depression’, p. 125.

75
Anderson and Throup, ‘Africans and agricultural production’, p. 340.

76
Ibid., pp. 343–4.

77
Bennett, ‘British settlers’, p. 70.

78
Anderson and Throup, ‘Africans and agricultural production’, pp. 343–4.

79
Bennett, ‘British settlers’, p. 86.

80
Johnson, ‘Settler farmers’, p. 128.

81
Wickizer,
Coffee, Tea and Cocoa
, pp. 328–39.

82
Jackson,
The British Empire
, p. 7.

83
Swinton,
I Remember
, p. 192.

84
Pearce, ‘The colonial economy’, pp. 269–71.

85
Swinton,
I Remember
, p. 207.

86
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, p. 125.

87
Swinton,
I Remember
, p. 206.

88
Pearce, ‘The colonial economy’, p. 271.

89
Ibid., p. 272.

90
Meredith, ‘State controlled marketing’, p. 82.

91
Westcott, ‘The slippery slope’, p. 8.

92
Wright,
The World and a Very Small Place in Africa
, pp. 201–2.

93
Tracy,
Government and Agriculture
, pp. 230, 238.

94
Gann and Duigan, ‘Introduction’, pp. 22–3.

95
Fieldhouse, ‘War and the Gold Coast Cocoa Marketing Board’, pp. 178–9.

96
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, pp. 74, 269.

97
Greenough,
Prosperity and Misery
, p. 140.

98
Keay,
India
, p. 504.

99
Tunzelmann,
Indian Summer
, p. 391.

100
Stevenson,
Bengal Tiger
, p. 136.

101
Stephens,
Monsoon Morning
, p. 179.

102
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, p. 207.

103
Knight,
Food Administration in India
, pp. 27, 47; Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 252.

104
Voigt,
India
, p. 205.

105
Rothermund,
An Economic History
, p. 120.

106
Chopra,
Evolution of Food Policy
, p. 24.

107
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, p. 215.

108
Chopra,
Evolution of Food Policy
, p. 22; Knight,
Food Administration in India
, p. 24; Tomlinson, ‘The historical roots’, p. 132.

109
Voigt,
India
, p. 205.

110
Knight,
Food Administration in India
, p. 37.

111
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, p. 209.

112
Greenough,
Prosperity and Misery
, pp. 90–2; Sarkar,
Modern India
, pp. 395–6.

113
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 251.

114
Knight,
Food Administration in India
, p. 28.

115
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 253; Sen,
Poverty and Famines
, p. 83.

116
Smith,
Conflict over Convoys
, p. 159.

117
‘The things we forgot to remember’, BBC Radio 4, 7 January 2008,
http://www.opennet/thingsweforgot/bengalfamine_programme.html
.

118
Smith,
Conflict over Convoys
, p. 159.

119
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 163.

120
Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, p. 94.

121
Bose, ‘Starvation amidst plenty’, p. 716.

122
Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, p. 105.

123
Ibid., p. 164.

124
The most notable exponent of this view is Amartya Sen. See
Poverty and Famines
.

125
Tauger, ‘Entitlement’, pp. 65–6.

126
Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, pp. 109–11.

127
Ibid., p. 168.

128
Ibid.

129
Sen,
Poverty and Famines
, pp. 71–2.

130
Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, pp. 173–4.

131
Ibid., pp. 118–19.

132
Ibid., pp. 109–12.

133
Voigt,
India
, p. 206.

134
Knight,
Food Administration in India
, p. 63.

135
Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, p. 186.

136
Stephens,
Monsoon Morning
, pp. 194–5.

137
Ibid., p. 184.

138
Ibid., p. 170.

139
Ibid., pp. 185–7, 193.

140
Stevenson,
Bengal Tiger
, p. 149.

141
Barkawi,
Globalization and War
, pp. 84–5; Hastings,
Nemesis
, pp. 64–5, 15.

142
Bayly and Harper,
Forgotten Armies
, p. 305.

143
Knight,
Food Administration in India
, p. 101; Greenough,
Poverty and Misery
, pp. 136–7.

144
Stevenson,
Bengal Tiger
, pp. 153–4.

145
Voigt,
India
, p. 207; Rothermund,
An Economic History
, p. 122; Knight,
Food Administration in India
, pp. 187–8, 190.

146
Stevenson,
Bengal Tiger
, p. 150.

147
Tunzelmann,
Indian Summer
, p. 391.

148
‘The things we forgot to remember’, BBC Radio 4, 7 January 2008.

149
Voigt,
India
, p. 207; Amrith, ‘The United Nations’, p. 61.

150
Ibid.

151
Voigt,
India
, p. 208.

152
Ibid. p. 209.

153
Cited by Sarkar,
Modern India
, p. 406.

154
Kamtekar, ‘A different war dance’, pp. 215, 217.

155
Ibid., p. 218.

156
Lloyd,
Food and Inflation
, pp. 66–7.

157
Milward,
War, Economy and Society
, p. 281.

158
Amrith, ‘The United Nations’, pp. 62–3.

159
Stevenson,
Bengal Tiger
, p. 157.

8. Feeding Germany

1
Dörr,
“Wer die Zeit nicht miterlebt hat …”
, II, p. 22.

2
Simon, Memoirs, NLA MS7514, I, p. 75.

3
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 547.

4
Neumann, ‘Nutritional physiology’, p. 52; Heim,
Kalorien, Kautschuk, Karrieren
, pp. 27, 32, 39.