The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade (92 page)

5.
“The Letter of Simeon of Beth Arsham,” quoted in Dionysius,
Chronicle
, part 3, trans. Witold Witakowski (1996), pp. 53–57, and in Stuart Munro-Hay,
The Quest for the Ark of the Covenant
(1996), pp. 60–62.

6.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 1. 10; Saunders,
History of Medieval Islam
, p. 13; Armstrong
Muhammad
, p. 56; Grillmeier, p. 320.

7.
Procopius,
Secret History
, 1.1–1.2, 9.15.

8.
Ibid., 9.27–30.

9.
James Stevenson, ed.,
Creeds, Councils and Controversies
(1966), p. 337.

10.
Severus of Al’Ashmunein,
History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria
, trans. B. Evetts (1904), Chapter 13; Antigone Samellas,
Death in the Eastern Mediterranean (50–600 A.D.)
(2002), p. 41 n. 77.

11.
Fred Blume, trans.,
Annotated Justinian Code
(2008), 5.4.

12.
Gregory, pp. 124–126.

13.
Blume, 1.14.

14.
Ibid., 1.1.

15.
Quoted in Sara Rappe,
Reading Neoplatonism
(2000), p. 197.

Chapter Twenty-Nine
Pestilence

1.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 5, pp. 148–149, 398.

2.
Procopius,
Secret History
, 13.32.

3.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 1.24.

4.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 1, pp. 340–341.

5.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 1.24.

6.
Ibid., 1.24.

7.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 1, pp. 344–345.

8.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 7 (1940), 1.i.

9.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 2, 3.20.

10.
Pohl, “The Vandals,” pp. 44–45; Collins, pp. 38–39.

11.
Gregory, p. 121; Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 3, 5.3.

12.
Cassiodorus, p. 444.

13.
Gregory, p. 136; Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 1, pp. 394–395.

14.
Collins (1999), p. 198; Burns, pp. 206–207.

15.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 3, 6.6.

16.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 5, p. 158.

17.
Ehsan Yarshater, ed.,
The Cambridge History of Iran
(1983), p. 155.

18.
al-Tabari
History
, vol. 5, pp. 157–158.

19.
Yarshater, p. 155.

20.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 2.22.

21.
Ibid., 2.13; William Rosen,
Justinian’s Flea
(2007), p. 223.

22.
Evagrius Scholasticus (1846), 29; Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 2.23.

23.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 1, pp. 434–435.

24.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 2.27.

25.
Eusebius,
Ecclesiastical History,
Books 1–5, trans. Roy J. Deferrari (1953), p. 82.

26.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 2:12; Evagrius Scholasticus, 27.

27.
Procopius,
History of the Wars and Buildings
, vol. 1, 2.22; Evagrius Scholasticus 29; Rosen, pp. 222–223.

Chapter Thirty
The Heavenly Sovereign

1.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 43.

2.
Ibid., p. 46.

3.
Robert Karl Reischauer,
Early Japanese History (c. 40 BC–AD 1167)
, part A (1967), pp. 8–9; Milton W. Meyer,
Japan
, 3 d ed. (1993), p. 27.

4.
Reischauer, p. 11.

5.
Reischauer, p. 134; Richard Bowring,
The Religious Traditions of Japan, 500–1600
(2005), p. 15.

6.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, pp. 44–47.

7.
Reischauer, p. 134.

8.
Bowring, pp. 40–41.

9.
Joan R. Piggott,
The Emergence of Japanese Kingship
(1997), p. 75.

10.
Reischauer, p. 138.

11.
Reischauer, p. 139; Meyer, p. 33.

12.
Kuroita-Katsumi,
Prince Shotoku and His Seventeen-Article Constitution
(1940), pp. 20–22.

Chapter Thirty-One
Reunification

1.
Yang Xuanzhi, “A Northerner’s Defense of Northern Culture,” in Patricia Ebrey, ed.,
Chinese Civilization
, 2d ed., (1993), pp. 10–110.

2.
MacGowan, pp. 240–241.

3.
Paludan, p. 75.

4.
Yan Zhitui, “Advice to His Sons,” in Ebrey, pp. 110–111.

5.
Arthur F. Wright,
The Sui Dynasty
(1978), pp. 57–58.

6.
Quoted in ibid., p. 58.

7.
Ibid., pp. 61–62.

8.
Ibid., p. 63.

9.
Ibid.

10.
Paludan, p. 77.

11.
Rayne Kruger,
All Under Heaven
(2003), pp. 184–186; Charles O. Hucker,
China’s Imperial Port
(1975), p. 138.

12.
Kruger, p. 189.

13.
Ibid.; Roberts, p. 104.

14.
Roberts, p. 82.

Chapter Thirty-Two
The South Indian Kings

1.
Thapar,
Early India
, p. 328; Benjamin Lewis Rice,
Mysore Inscriptions
(1983), p. 319.

2.
Hermann Oldenberg,
The Religion of the Veda
(1988), p. 250; Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty, ed.,
Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism
(1990), pp. 15–17.

3.
Rice, pp. 303, 305.

4.
Pran Nath Chopra et al.,
History of South India
(1979), p. 61.

5.
Sachindra Kumar Maity,
Professor A. L. Basham, My Guruji and Problems and Perspectives of Ancient Indian History and Culture
(1997), p. 189.

6.
Bana,
The Harsha Carita
, trans. Edward B. Cowell and F. W. Thomas (1968), chap. 4.

7.
Wolpert, p. 94; Bana, chap. 8.

8.
Karl J. Schmidt,
An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History
(1995), p. 29.

9.
Maity, pp. 189–190; Rice, p. 322.

10.
Thapar,
Early India
, p. 330.

Chapter Thirty-Three
Two Emperors

1.
Gwyn Jones,
A History of the Vikings
(1984), p. 25; Paul the Deacon,
History of the Lombards
, trans. William Dudley Foulke (1974), 1.2.

2.
Burns, p. 214.

3.
Gregory, p. 137.

4.
Collins, pp. 43–48.

5.
Michael M. Gunter,
The Kurds and the Future of Turkey
(1997), p. 7.

6.
R. N. Frye, “The Political History of Iran under the Sasanians,” in Yarshater, p. 156.

7.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 2, p. 33.

8.
Paul the Deacon, 2.4.

9.
Ibid., 1.27.

10.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 5, pp. 149–150.

11.
Saunders,
History of Medieval Islam
, p. 22; Armstrong,
Muhammad
, p. 58–59.

12.
Saunders, p. 14; Thomas F. Cleary, trans.,
The Essential Qu’ran
(1988), Surah 105.

13.
Saunders,
History of Medieval Islam
, p. 14.

14.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 2, pp. 76–77.

15.
Gregory, p. 150.

16.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 5, pp. 156–161.

Chapter Thirty-Four
The Mayors of the Palaces

1.
Gregory of Tours, 4.27–28.

2.
Venantius Fortunatus,
Venantius Fortunatus
, trans. Judith W. George (1995), p. 47.

3.
Gregory of Tours, 4.51.

4.
Frank Glessner Ryder, trans.,
The Song of the Nibelungs
(1962), pp. 95–97, 188, 197.

5.
Gregory of Tours, 8.9

6.
Fredegar,
Fredegarii Chronicorum Liber Quartus cum Continuationibus
, trans. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill (1960), 4. 17.