The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade (95 page)

9.
Duffy, p. 82.

10.
Collins, p. 230.

11.
Jan T. Hallenbeck,
Pavia and Rome
(1982), p. 24.

12.
Ibid., p. 25.

13.
Ostrogorsky, p. 164; Theophanes,
Chronicle
(1982), p. 100.

Chapter Forty-Eight
The Abbasids

1.
Simon Franklin and Jonathan Shepard,
The Emergence of Rus, 750–1200
(1996), pp. 7–10.

2.
Kevin Alan Brook,
The Jews of Khazaria
, 2d ed. (2006), p. 97; “The Letter of Joseph the King,” in Jacob Rader Marcus, ed.,
The Jew in the Medieval World
, rev. ed. (1999), pp. 227–228.

3.
Kennedy (2004),
Prophet and the Age
, pp. 110–111.

4.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 26, p. 72.

5.
Kennedy,
Prophet and the Age
, p. 123.

6.
Sicker, p. 27.

7.
Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari,
The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain
, trans. Pascual de Gayangos (2002), pp. 95–96.

8.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 27, pp. 172–174.

9.
Arthur Wollaston,
The Sword of Islam
(1905), p. 130.

10.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 28, p. 238; Sicker, p. 29.

11.
M. A. Shaban,
Islamic History
(1976), p. 12.

12.
Hodgson,
Venture of Islam
, vol. 1, pp. 286–287; al-Tabari, vol. 1,
History
, vol. 28, pp. 124 ff; Shaban, p. 10.

13.
Hodgson,
Venture of Islam
, vol. 1, p. 287.

Chapter Forty-Nine
Charlemagne

1.
Oliver J. Thatcher and Edgar Holmes McNeal, eds.,
A Source Book for Medieval History
(1905), p. 102.

2.
Fredegar (1960), 4.22.

3.
Fredegar, 4.30; Joanna Story, ed.,
Charlemagne
(2005), pp. 16–17; Einhard, “The Life of Charlemagne” 1.2, in Lewis Thorpe, trans.,
Two Lives of Charlemagne
(1969).

4.
Paul Edward Dutton, ed.,
Carolingian Civilization
(1993), p. 11.

5.
Slightly condensed from the
Clausula de unctione Pippini
, in Dutton, p. 12.

6.
Fredegar, 4.38–39.

7.
“The Donation of Constantine,” in Dutton, pp. 14–19.

8.
Einhard, “Life of Charlemagne” 3.18, in Thorpe.

9.
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill,
The Barbarian West
(1962), p. 97.

10.
Wallace-Hadrill,
Barbarian West
(1962), p. 97.

11.
Einhard, “Life of Charlemagne” 2.6, in Thorpe.

12.
Einhard, “Life of Charlemagne” 2.9–10, in Thorpe.

13.
Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff, trans.,
The Song of Roland
(1920), p. 80.

Chapter Fifty
The An Lushan Rebellion

1.
Li Po, “A Farewell to Li Yun in the Xie Tiao Pavilion,” in Xianyi Yang and Gladys Yang, trans.,
Poetry and Prose of the Tang and Song
(1984), p. 31; Michael, p. 116.

2.
Wang Wei, “Seeing Yuan the Second off on a Mission to Anxi,” in Yang and Yang, p. 16; Roberts, p. 122.

3.
Roberts, p. 92.

4.
Li Po, “Fighting South of the City,” in Yang and Yang, pp. 22–23.

5.
Hans J. Van de Ven,
Warfare in Chinese History
(2000), pp. 132–133; Roberts, p. 103.

6.
Roberts, p. 93.

7.
Ibid.; Van de Ven, pp. 137–138.

8.
Michael, p. 144; Bai Juyi, “Song of Eternal Sorrow,” in Yang and Yang, pp. 111–115.

9.
Charles D. Benn,
China’s Golden Age
(2004), p. 10.

10.
Van de Ven, p. 139.

11.
Michael, p. 114; Roberts, p. 107.

12.
Roberts, p. 108.

13.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 72; Roberts, pp. 110–111.

14.
Michael, p. 114; Van de Ven, p. 144.

Chapter Fifty-One
Imperator et Augustus

1.
Theophanes,
Chronicle
(1982), p. 135.

2.
Bury,
History of the Later Roman Empire
, vol. 2, pp. 478–479.

3.
Sicker, p. 30.

4.
Theophanes,
Chronicle
(1982), p. 141.

5.
Derek Wilson,
Charlemagne
(2006), pp. 84–85.

6.
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill,
The Frankish Church
(1983), pp. 413–414.

7.
“Alcuin to Charlemagne,” in Henry Morley and William Hall Griffin,
English Writers,
vol. 2 (1888), p. 165.

8.
Theophanes,
Chronicle
(1982), pp. 146–147.

9.
Ibid., p. 151.

10.
Ibid., p. 153.

11.
Ibid., p. 155.

12.
Wallace-Hadrill,
Frankish Church
, pp. 220–223.

13.
Wilson, p. 76.

14.
Quoted in Wallace-Hadrill,
Frankish Church
, p. 186.

15.
Quoted in Wilson, p. 77.

16.
Notker the Stammerer,
Charlemagne
27, in Thorpe, p. 125.

17.
Wilson, p. 81; Wallace-Hadrill,
Barbarian West
, p. 109.

18.
Quoted in Wilson, p. 81.

19.
Theophanes the Confessor,
The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
, trans. Cyril Mango and Roger Scott (1997), p. 657.

Chapter Fifty-Two
The New Sennacherib

1.
al-Tabari,
History
, vol. 30, p. 100.

2.
Sicker, p. 30.

3.
Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse,
Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe
(1983), pp. 141, 158; Einhard, “Life of Charlemagne” 1. 16, in Thorpe.

4.
Collins, pp. 191–192.

5.
Franklin and Shepard, p. 12.

6.
Hugh Kennedy,
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World
(2005), p. 51.

7.
Karsh,
Islamic Imperialism
(2006), p. 72.

8.
Florin Curta,
Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages
(2006), p. 147.

9.
Curta, p. 149; Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), pp. 483–485.

10.
Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), pp. 665–666.

11.
Curta, pp. 149–150.

12.
Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), p. 673.

13.
Curta, p. 150.

14.
Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), p. 679.

15.
Wallace-Hadrill,
Barbarian West
, p. 112.

16.
Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), p 685.

17.
Ibid., p. 503.

18.
Curta, p. 148.

19.
Theophanes,
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor
(1997), p. 686.

20.
Dimitri Obolensky,
Byzantium and the Slavs
(1994), p. 40.

Chapter Fifty-Three
Castle Lords and Regents

1.
Jae-un Kang,
The Land of Scholars
, trans. Suzanne Lee (2006), p. 64.

2.
Lee and de Bary, pp. 48–49.

3.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 84.

4.
Lee, et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, p. 122.

5.
Kang, p. 232.

6.
Lee, et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, p. 133.

7.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 92.

8.
Ibid., p. 93.

9.
Lee, et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, p. 220.

10.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 95.

11.
Ibid., p. 96.

12.
James Huntley Grayson,
Korea
(2002), pp. 57–58.

13.
Reischauer, p. 216.

14.
Meyer, p. 51.

15.
Reischauer, p. 222; Meyer, p. 51.

16.
Reischauer, pp. 232–233; Meyer, p. 54.

17.
Meyer, p. 54; Karl F. Friday,
Hired Swords
(1992), pp. 74–75.