The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade (97 page)

8.
Ibid., p. 69.

9.
Constantine Porphyrogenitus,
De Administrando Imperio
, trans. R. J. H. Jenkins (1967), pp. 171–173.

10.
Andras Rona-Tas,
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
(1999), pp. 336–337.

Chapter Sixty-Two
Kampaku

1.
Lebra, p. 35.

2.
Reischauer, p. 270.

3.
Sadaie Fujiwara and William Ninnis Porter,
A Hundred Verses from Old Japan
(1909), p. 12.

4.
James S. De Benneville,
Saitō Mussashi-Bō Benkei
(1910), pp. 104–105; Meyer, p. 58.

5.
Robert Borgen,
Sugawara No Michizane and the Early Heian Court
(1986), p. 176.

6.
Reischauer, pp. 272–273.

7.
Marra, p. 46.

8.
Hall, et al., pp. 55–56; Borgen, p. 28.

9.
Hall et al., p. 57; Borgen, pp. 208–209.

10.
Reischauer, p. 279.

11.
De Benneville, p. 106; Hall et al., p. 58.

12.
Reischauer, p. 64.

13.
Hall et al., pp. 59–60; Reischauer, pp. 287ff.

14.
H. Paul Varley,
Warriors of Japan as Portrayed in the War Tales
(1994), p. 8.

15.
Karl F. Friday,
Hired Swords
(1992), p. 10; Varley, pp. 144–145.

16.
Friday, pp. 12–13; Varley, p. 145.

Chapter Sixty-Three
Basileus

1.
Tougher,
Reign of Leo VI
, p. 115.

2.
Ibid., p. 117.

3.
Arnold Toynbee,
Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World
(1973), p. 13.

4.
Lynda Garland,
Byzantine Empresses
(1999), p. 114.

5.
Quoted in Garland, p. 115.

6.
Vasiliev, p. 316.

7.
Thomas Riha, ed.,
Readings in Russian Civilization
, vol. 1 (1969), p. 2.

8.
Steven Runciman,
The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign
(1929), p. 44.

9.
Ostrogorsky (1969), p. 261.

10.
Leo the Deacon,
The History of Leo the Deacon
(2005), 7.7

11.
Ostrogorsky, p. 263.

12.
Liudprand of Cremona, p. 124.

13.
Leo the Deacon, 7.7.

14.
Liudprand of Cremona, p. 123.

15.
Runciman,
Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign
, p. 61.

16.
Ibid., p. 90, Romilly Jenkins,
Byzantium
(1987), pp. 242–243.

17.
Runciman,
Emperor Romanus Lecapenus & His Reign
, p. 92.

Chapter Sixty-Four
The Creation of Normandy

1.
Liudprand of Cremona, p. 92.

2.
Ibid., p. 94.

3.
Riche, pp. 226–227.

4.
Gesta Normannorum Ducum
, vol. 1, trans. Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts (1992), p. 67.

Chapter Sixty-Five
The Kingdom of Germany

1.
Liudprand of Cremona, p. 75.

2.
Josef Fleckenstein,
Early Medieval Germany
, trans. Bernard S. Smith (1978), pp. 108–110.

3.
Ibid., p. 111; Liudprand of Cremona, p. 77.

4.
Liudprand of Cremona, p. 85.

5.
Fleckenstein, pp. 112–113.

6.
Ibid., p. 116.

7.
Liudprand of Cremona, pp. 89–90.

8.
Ibid., p. 90.

9.
Charles IV,
Autobiography of Emperor Charles IV and His Legend of St. Wenceslas
, trans. and ed. Balazs Nagy and Frank Schaer (2001), p. 185.

10.
Ibid., p. 189.

11.
Ibid., p. 193.

Chapter Sixty-Six
The Turn of the Wheel

1.
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri,
The Pandyan Kingdom
(1929), p. 81.

2.
Ibid., p. 81.

3.
Ibid., pp. 82, 99.

4.
Ibid., p. 82.

5.
Rice, p. 326.

6.
Sen, p. 480; Sastri,
Pandyan Kingdom
, p. 100.

7.
Karen Pechilis Prentiss,
The Embodiment of Bhakti
(1999), pp. 95–96.

8.
Sastri,
Pandyan Kingdom
, p. 102.

9.
Rice, p. 463.

Chapter Sixty-Seven
The Capture of Baghdad

1.
Karsh, p. 54.

2.
Heinz Halm,
The Empire of the Mahdi
(1996), p. 173.

3.
Ibid., pp. 175, 200–201.

4.
Kennedy,
Prophet and the Age
, p. 314.

5.
Archibald Ross Lewis,
The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050
(1965), pp. 70–71, 161.

6.
W. Montgomery Watt,
A History of Islamic Spain
(1965), p. 40.

7.
Ibid., p. 46.

8.
Karsh, p. 62.

9.
Franklin and Shepard, p. 64.

10.
Kennedy,
Prophet and the Age
, p. 217; Karsh, p. 63.

11.
Geoffrey L. Simons,
Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam
(1994), p. 161.

12.
Kennedy,
Prophet and the Age
, pp. 194–195.

13.
Peter Beaumont,
Drylands
(1993), pp. 126–127; Kennedy,
Prophet and the Age
, p. 197.

Chapter Sixty-Eight
Three Kingdoms

1.
Lee et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, (1993), p. 261.

2.
Lee,
New History of Korea
(1984), p. 101.

3.
Lee et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, p. 275.

4.
Lee,
New History of Korea
, p. 103.

5.
James B. Palais,
Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions
(1996), p. 214; Peter H. Lee et al.,
Sources of Korean Tradition
(1997), p. 146.

6.
Lee et al.,
Sources of Korean Tradition
, pp. 146–147.

7.
Lee et al.,
Sourcebook of Korean Civilization
, p. 264.

8.
Grousset, p. 128.

9.
Ibid., pp. 570 n. 125, 129.

10.
Ibid., p. 129.

11.
MacGowan, p. 361.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Fitzgerald,
China
, p. 378.

14.
MacGowan, p. 368.

Chapter Sixty-Nine
Kings of England

1.
Swanton, p. 104.

2.
D. M. Hadley,
The Northern Danelaw
(2000), pp. 11-12.

3.
William of Malmesbury, p. 207.

4.
John of Worcester,
Chronicles
, vol. 2 (1995), p. 387.

5.
Swanton, pp. 106, 108–109.

6.
William of Malmesbury, p. 213.

7.
Ibid., p. 233.

8.
Ibid., p. 237.

9.
Ibid., p. 237.

10.
Ibid., p. 245.

11.
John of Worcester,
Chronicles
, vol. 2, pp. 422–425; William of Malmesbury, pp. 239–241; Swanton, p. 118.

12.
Jones,
History of the Vikings
, pp. 34–35, 45–46; Ornolfur Thorsson, ed.,
The Sagas of the Icelanders: A Selection
(2001), p. 9.

13.
Thorsson, p. 9.

14.
Jones,
History of the Vikings
, p. 279.

15.
Ibid., p. 95.

16.
Thorsson, p. 81.

17.
Sturluson, p. 104.

18.
Ibid., p. 113.

19.
Thorsson, p. 654.

20.
Ibid., p. 655.

21.
Sturluson, p. 140.

22.
William of Malmesbury, p. 273.

23.
John of Worcester,
Chronicles
, vol. 2, p. 425.

24.
Sturluson, p. 141.

25.
Ibid., pp. 214–215.

26.
Henry of Huntingdon,
The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon
, trans. Thomas Forester (1853), p. 183.