The Holocaust (164 page)

Weissblum, Giza: helps a revolt,
1

Weliczker, Leon: an eye-witness of events in Lvov,
1
,
2
; and the digging up and burning of corpses,
3
; and the fate of mothers and children at Janowska camp,
4
; escape from Janowska,
5

Weltman (of Baranowicze): murdered (1941),
1

Weltsch, Robert: and the Star of David (1933),
1

Werner, Hersh: and Jewish self-defence near Wlodawa (1942),
1
; and the death of a Jew in hiding (1943),
2

Wessely, Charles: seeks a haven for his son (1939),
1

Wessely, Rudolf: finds asylum in Britain (1939),
1
; unable to trace his parents after the war,
2

Westerbork: Jews deported to Auschwitz from,
1
,
2

Western Galicia: deportations to Belzec from,
1

Wetzel, Alfred: and poison gas,
1

Wetzler, Alfred: escapes from Auschwitz,
1
,
2

‘Where Is My Home’ (Czech National anthem): sung on threshold of death,
1

White Russia (Byelorussia):
1
,
2
; German decree in (15 August 1941),
3
; a reprisal in, and its impact (September 1941),
4
; defiance of local population in,
5
; remaining Jews of (1942),
6
; Jewish partisans in,
7
,
8
; Jews helped by a woman in,
9

White Russians: killed (1941),
1
; and the ‘Ravens’ among (1942),
2
; police, surround a ghetto,
3
,
4
; at Maly Trostenets (1944),
5

White, T. W.: and Jewish refugees (1938),
1

Widawa: the rabbi of, killed (1939),
1

Widawski, Chaim: commits suicide (1944),
1

Wider, Zvi: commits suicide (1943),
1

Wieder, Emil: deported to Auschwitz (1940),
1

Wiernik, Jankiel (Yankel): an eye-witness at Treblinka,
1
,
2

Wieruszow: Jews executed in (1939),
1

Wierzbica: Poles shot for sheltering Jews (1943),
1

Wiesbaden: a Jew shot in (1933),
1

Wigodsky, Dr Jacob: and the fight for ‘equal rights’ (1933),
1
; urges resistance (1941),
2
; killed (1941),
3
,
4

Wijsmuller-Meijer, Geertruida: rescues Jews (1940),
1

Wille, SS Sergeant: attacked by a Jew,
1

Wilner (in Warsaw): shot (1942),
1

Wilner, Aryeh: and a setback to resistance in Warsaw,
1
; in the Warsaw ghetto revolt,
2

Wiltchinski, Mechel: at Chelmno,
1

Wind, Halina: rescued,
1
; on the day of liberation,
2

Winiary: murdered Jews buried near (1941),
1

Winkelmann, SS Major-General Otto: and the arrests in Budapest (of
1
March 1944),
2
,
3
n. 3

Winterswijk: Jews given shelter in,
1

Winterton, Lord: and Jewish refugees (1939),
1

Wippern, SS Captain: reports on currency taken from Jews,
1
,
2
n.
3

Wirth (at Auschwitz): and medical experiments,
1

Wirth, Christian: and the construction of gas chambers,
1
,
2
; and the murder of twenty-five Jews at Sobibor,
3
; his guest at Belzec,
4
; ‘furious’,
5
; and ‘the weight of the gold’,
6

Wisliceny, SS Captain Dieter: and a meeting at Mauthausen (10 March 1944),
1
,
2
n. 1

Wisniewski, Stanislaw: and a Jewish tailor’s resistance,
1

Witjowski (a Pole):
1

Witorz, Jacob: remains outside the ghetto, with his sons,
1
; deported (1942),
2

Wittenberg, Yitzhak: and the collapse of resistance at Vilna,
1

Wladislawow: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2

Wloclawek: Jews from, to be deported from
the Lodz ghetto (1942),
1
; a Jew from, at Chelmno,
2

Wlodawa: a death train to (1940),
1
; a death camp near (1942),
2
; resistance near (1942),
3
; a Jew seeks to save the rabbi of (1942),
4
,
5
; Jews deported from (1942),
6
; resistance of Jews from (1943),
7
; acts of resistance to the west of (1943),
8

Wlodzimierz Wolynski (Ludmir): mass murder at (1942),
1
; false assurance at (1943),
2
; final killings at (1944),
3

Wlodzislaw: surrounded (1942),
1

Wohlreich, Moshe: caught,
1

Wojcikiewicz, Alexander: and the first days of war in Warsaw (1939),
1

Wojtyla, Karol (later Pope John Paul II): and a Jewish child given sanctuary by Catholics,
1

Wola Przybyslawska: Poles shot for hiding Jews (1942),
1

Wolf, Maurycy: killed at end of Warsaw uprising (October 1944),
1

Wolff, SS General Karl: a witness to mass murder (1941),
1
; and ‘the total undertaking’ (1942),
2

Wolff, Martin: driven out of his lecture room (1933),
1

Wolka Okraglik: departure of a train to,
1

Wolkin (a Jewish partisan): killed (1942),
1

Wolkowysk: mass murder at (1941),
1

Wolozyn: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Woloszynowicz, Henryk: his parents killed for helping Jews,
1

Wolozin, Anne: her testimony,
1
n.
2

Wolski, Mieczyslaw: a Polish gardener, hides Jews, and later shot,
1

Worbleznik, Michael: at Chelmno,
1

World Jewish Congress: learns of eleven deportations from France (1942),
1
; seeks to protect the Jews of Hungary (1944),
2

Worms:
1
,
2
; a Jew hanged at (1933),
3
; Jews leave (1933),
4
; suicides in (1938),
5
; an act of defiance in (1938),
6
; a Jewess from, deported to Belzec (1942),
7

Wrobleski, Stefan: helps Jews,
1

Wuppertal: a Jewish dentist murdered in (1933).
1

Wurm, Bishop Theophil: opposes ‘extermination’ (1943),
1

Wurttemberg: a Bishop in, opposes ‘extermination’ (1943),
1

Wurzburg: Jews deported from (1942),
1
; a deportee from, at Dachau,
2
,
3
n.
4

Wustegiersdorf: labour camp at,
1

Wyszkow: Jews murdered by Poles near (1943),
1

Yagielnica: Jews shot at (1943),
1

Yakovlevich, Tevye: leads a partisan detachment,
1

Yakovlevich, Zosenka: and a memorial to his father,
1

Yaffe, Moshe: tells Jews to run (1942),
1

Yankel (in hiding): dies (1943),
1

Yankovsky, Karl: helps Jews,
1

Yechielke (a survivor): killed after liberation,
1

Yemen: Jewish emigration to Palestine from,
1
n.
2

Yiddish: as a mark of difference,
1
; and the Jewish ‘weapon of laughter’,
2
; and the Jewish Police (in Warsaw),
3
; schools teaching in (in the Warsaw and Lodz ghettos),
4
,
5
; a well-known writer of, killed (1941),
6
; a distinguished grammarian of, killed (1941),
7
; an exhortation in (December 1941),
8
; ‘not allowed’,
9
; a saying in, repeated with irony,
10
; an eye-witness account of Treblinka written in,
11
; letters in, buried,
12
; an evening on the literature in (in Vilna),
13
; an ironic postcard in,
14
; a plea to God in,
15
; at the moment of liberation,
16

Yosl the turner: shot (1939),
1

Yosselevska, Merkele: shot (1942),
1
,
2

Yosselevska, Rivka: an eye-witness to mass murder (1942),
1

Yugoslavia:
1
,
2
; invaded (1941),
3
; conquered,
4
; Jews and Serbs killed in (1942),
5
,
6
; Eichmann’s complaints about Jewish partisans in (1944),
7
; rescue of Jews from,
8

Zabecki, Franciszek: an eye-witness at Treblinka railway station,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7

Zabie: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Zablotow: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Zabludowicz, Noah: describes a deportation,
1

Zabludowski (a chess player): killed (1941),
1

Zagare: mass murder at (1941),
1

Zagreb:
1
; Jews murdered near,
2

Zagrodski: mass murder at (1942),
1

Zajdenwach, Chana: shot (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Zajdenwerger, David: aged four, gassed (1942),
1

Zajdenwerger, Solange: aged three, gassed (1942),
1

Zajtman, Josek: shot (1942),
1

Zak, Shalom: his death (1942),
1

Zaklikow: fate of deportees from (1942),
1
; a second deportation from,
2

Zaks, Romek: killed (1939),
1

Zalcman, Major: an eye-witness to mass murder,
1

Zalcman, Shmuel: murdered (1943),
1

Zaltsman, Lyuni: a resistance group led by,
1

Zambrow: Jews escape from,
1

Zamenhof, Dr Adam: ‘never seen again’ (1939),
1
,
2

Zamenhof Street (Warsaw): an old woman murdered at (1942),
1

Zamenhof, Zofia: killed (1942),
1

Zamkowy, Samuel: shot (1939),
1

Zamolodicze: Jews killed at (1942),
1

Zamosc: forced labour at,
1
,
2
; ‘surrounded’ (1942),
3
; Jews deported from (11 April 1942),
4
; a second deportation from (17 April 1942),
5
; a further deportation from (15 November 1942),
6

Zander, Rachel: murdered, after liberation,
1

Zante: Jews of, saved,
1

Zarch, Maja: recalls events in Dvinsk,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; deported to Stutthof,
5

Zarfatti, Roberto: aged three, deported to his death (1944),
1

Zaslaw: an escape from,
1
; Jews deported to Belzec from (1943),
2

Zavertanny, Fyodor: escapes,
1

Zawadka: four Poles killed, for hiding Jews in,
1

Zbaszyn: Jews expelled to (1938),
1

Zdunska Wola: Jews shot at (1939),
1
; hangings at (1942),
2
,
3
; Jews shot in (1942),
4
; Jews from, in Lodz,
5

Zdzieciol: an escape from,
1
; mass murder, and a further escape from,
2

Zeisler, Gertrude: ‘I will somehow manage to survive’ (1941),
1
; and the ‘atmosphere of doom’ (1942),
2

Zeitlin, Hillel: deported,
1

Zelechow: a Jew from, shot (1939),
1

Zelinski, Abraham: at Chelmno,
1

Zelkowicz, Josef: and a hospital ‘action’ in Lodz,
1
; and the ‘days of nightmare’,
2

Zeltzer, Yisrael: arrested,
1
; shot,
2

Zemba, Menachem: gives rabbinical approval for resistance,
1

Zeminski, S.: and the betrayal of Jews in hiding,
1

Zezmariai camp (near Kovno): children killed in (1944),
1

Zhelochovski, Shlomo: hanged (1942),
1

Zhitomir: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
; Jewish partisans north of (1943),
3
,
4

Zholti, David: killed after liberation (1945),
1

Zielonka: Jews shot at (1939),
1

Zifferman, Baruch: witnesses a deportation round-up,
1
; his wife and son killed (1942),
2

Zilberstein, Betty: perished (1944),
1

Zilberstein, Harvey: shot (1944),
1

Zimetbaum, Mala: ‘tried to make it easier’ (at Auschwitz),
1
; escapes from Auschwitz,
2
; captured,
3
; killed (1944),
4

Zindelevich, Yakov-Pinhas: killed (1941),
1

Zion: Britain seeks to deter those setting out for (1940),
1

Zirelson, Judah Leib: killed (1941),
1

Zlatin, Miron: deported, and shot (1944),
1

Zloczow: Jews deported from,
1
; the story of two Jews in hiding near,
2

Zofjowka: Jews escape from,
1

Zolkiewka: a Jew deported to Sobibor from (1942),
1

Zorin, Shlomo: guards a family camp,
1

Zsolt, Agnes: describes her daughter’s final hours,
1

Zuchowicz, Second-Lieutenant Tadeusz: records the courage of a Jew (1944),
1

Zucker (a Jewess): hidden in a large tile stove, and survives,
1

Zuckerman (‘the grey-headed’): seeks to protect a Jewess,
1

Zuckerman, Yitzhak: and the ‘poison cup’ (1939),
1
; punished (1941),
2
; and the news of mass murder at Vilna,
3
; and the news of mass murder at Chelmno,
4
; and a setback to plans for revolt,
5
; in Cracow,
6
; in Warsaw,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
; escapes to countryside,
12
; given shelter,
13