The Holocaust (159 page)

SD (Sicherheitsdienst, Intelligence Service of the S.S.): established (1931),
1
; and a deportation (1942),
2

SS (Shutzstaffeln, ‘Protection Squad’): established (1925),
1
; and Dachau (1933),
2
; in Vienna (1938),
3
,
4
; its ‘protective custody’,
5
; and the
Kristallnacht
(November 1938),
6
,
7
; and the invasion of Poland (1939),
8
,
9
; and the deportation of Jews to Poland (1939),
10
; and deportation of Jews from western Poland (1939),
11
; and a death march (1940),
12
; at Stutthof (1940),
13
; shown an anti-Semitic film (1940),
14
; at Sachsenhausen (1940),
15
; near Kalisz (1940),
16
; in Amsterdam (1941),
17
; at Jassy (1941),
18
; and the eastern killings (1941),
19
,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
; at Osowa labour camp (1941),
24
; in the Kovno ghetto (1941),
25
; statistics of, at Ponary (1941),
26
; command Ukrainians at massacre near Uman (1941),
27
; at Vinnitsa (1941),
28
; at Kiev (1941),
29
,
30
; at Vilna (1941),
31
; at Rowne (1941),
32
; at Kovno (1941),
33
,
34
; in the Warsaw ghetto,
35
; at Treblinka (1941),
36
; at Riga,
37
,
38
,
39
,
40
; at Chelmno,
41
,
42
,
43
passim
,
44
; in Minsk,
45
; at Baranowicze,
46
; at Belzec,
47
,
48
,
49
,
50
,
51
; and a deception,
52
,
53
; at Zamosc,
54
; at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
55
,
56
,
57
,
58
,
59
,
60
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
67
,
68
,
69
,
70
,
71
,
72
,
73
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
83
; at Sobibor,
84
,
85
,
86
,
87
,
88
,
89
,
90
; during a deportation from Cracow,
91
; at Rowne (1942),
92
; during the deportations from Warsaw to Treblinka,
93
,
94
,
95
,
96
,
97
,
98
; at Treblinka,
99
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
103
; a ‘very grave order’ to (28 July 1942),
104
; in Radom,
105
; at Maly Trostinec,
106
; at Zagrodski,
107
; and the search for ‘a more toxic and faster’ gas,
108
; at Kielce,
109
; at Lodz,
110
; at Kremenets,
111
; and the property of ‘evacuated’ Jews,
112
,
113
,
114
; and a massacre at Budy (1942),
115
; in Dubno,
116
; at Szczebrzeszyn,
117
; at Chorbrzany,
118
; in Bialystok,
119
; in Cracow,
120
; at Ciechanow,
121
; at Majdanek,
122
,
123
; at Kopernik camp,
124
; at Stary Ciepielow,
125
; in Piotrkow,
126
; on the Belgian-German border,
127
; during the Warsaw uprising (January 1943),
128
; at Lublin,
129
; at Sobibor,
130
,
131
; at Plaszow,
132
,
133
; at Ponary,
134
,
135
; and the Warsaw ghetto revolt (April 1943),
136
; at Majdanek,
137
; at Sosnowiec,
138
; at Czortkow,
139
; at Lvov-Janowska camp,
140
,
141
; during the Treblinka revolt,
142
; at Theresienstadt,
143
; at Babi Yar,
144
; in Denmark,
145
; Himmler describes the ‘page of glory’ to,
146
; in Trieste,
147
; and the ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre (November 1943),
148
,
149
,
150
; and a ‘census’ in Theresienstadt,
151
; at Skarzysko-Kamienna,
152
; at Mauthausen,
153
; in Kovno (1944),
154
,
155
; at Blechhammer,
156
; in Hungary (1944),
157
; at Oradour,
158
; at Chelmno (1944),
159
; at Schwarzheide,
160
; at Stutthof,
161
; at Rhodes,
162
; at Piraeus,
163
; in Slovakia,
164
; at Mauthausen,
165
; in Estonia,
166
; and the revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
167
; and the death of six hundred boys at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
168
; at Dachau (1944),
169
; at Stutthof (1944),
170
; at Neumark,
171
; at Torun,
172
; at Blechhammer,
173
; at Miedzna,
174
; and the last hours at Birkenau,
175
; at Monowitz,
176
; on the death marches,
177
,
178
,
179
,
180
; their ‘property’ rescued,
181
; and a massacre at Palmnicken,
182
; at Ravensbruck,
183
,
184
; at Belsen,
185
,
186
; at Seeshaupt,
187
; cruelties of, recounted,
188
; thoroughness of,
189
; at Neustadt-Glowen,
190
; at Lübeck,
191
; at Mauthausen,
192
; flee from Theresienstadt,
193
; near Leitmeritz,
194

Saar, the: and the Jews (1935),
1
,
2
; Jews deported from (1940),
3

Saarbrucken:
1

Sabac: Jewish refugees held at (1939),
1

Sabaoani: and a death train (1941),
1

Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp: established (1933),
1
; a horrific account from (1938),
2
; Jews reach Britain from (1939),
3
; barrack chiefs sent to Auschwitz from (1940),
4
; fate of Jews at (1940),
5
; Jews shot in (1942),
6
; a deportation to Auschwitz from (1942),
7
; Jews to be experimented on, at (1943),
8
; Jews deported to (1944),
9
; death of a captured parachutist at,
10
; a death march to,
11
; Jews evacuated from,
12
; Jews evacuated to,
13
; a death march from,
14

Saint-Claire-à-Caluire (Lyons): two Jews executed at,
1

Saint-Gingolph (Switzerland): Jews turned back to France from (1942),
1

St. Germain, Treaty of:
1

St Louis:
its futile voyage (1939),
1

St Valentin: a camp at,
1
; evacuation from,
2

St Vincent, General de: refuses to help round up Jews,
1

Sakkis, Leon: killed (1944),
1

Sakowicz, W.: reports on mass murder near Vilna (1941),
1
; and a further massacre (1943),
2

Salamovitz, Medea: saved (1942),
1

Salmonovitch (at Auschwitz): his defiant words,
1
; gassed,
2

Salomon, Alice: shares fate of her orphans (1943),
1

Salomon, Dr Erich: deported to his death (1944),
1

Salonica: death in action of Jews from (1940),
1
; Jews born in, deported to Auschwitz (1942),
2
; Jews deported from (1943),
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
; murder of eight hundred Jewish girls from, at Auschwitz,
7
; some Jews from, reach safety in Spain (1944),
8

Salonica, Governor-General of: praises Jewish ‘heroism’ (1941),
1
n.
2

Salvador:
fate of (1940),
1

Salzburg: Hitler’s meetings with Horthy near,
1
,
2

Sambor: a deportation from,
1

Samchuk, Ulas: on need for Jews and Poles to ‘disappear’,
1

Samek (of Warsaw): and his two-year-old daughter Miriam, during a deportation,
1

Samuel, Lord (Herbert Samuel): a report smuggled to (1938),
1
n.
2

Samuel, Professor: forced to do medical experiments,
1

Samuel, Henriette: saved,
1

Samuel, Chief Rabbi Julius: his courage,
1
; deported,
2

San river, the:
1
,
2
,
3
; a deportation from the region of,
4

Sandomierz: resistance at,
1
; Jews shot at,
2

San Francisco: a Warsaw Jew reaches (1940),
1
; ‘sad’ recollections in (1980),
2

Sandberg, Moshe: and a postcard deception,
1
; and the perils of endurance,
2
; and the coming of liberation,
3

Saneh (an abattoir worker): betrayed (1942),
1

Sanok: Jews from, at Zaslaw camp,
1
; Jews deported from,
2

Santorini: death of Jews off,
1

Sarah (from Parczew): killed (1942),
1

Sarajevo: synagogue plundered (1941),
1
; a Jewish family born in, deported from Italy (1944),
2

Sardinia: Jews of, listed,
1

Sarfati, Sadia: killed (1942),
1

Sarny: a mass escape from,
1

Sarona (Palestine): and a deception,
1

Sarvar: Jews deported from (1944),
1

Satanowska, Miss: raped (1940),
1

Satoraljaujhely: Jews try to resist in,
1

Satzkis, Lily: her emigration refused,
1

Sawicki (a labour camp foreman): organizes a revolt,
1

Scandinavia: Jewish refugees in,
1

Scaramella, Rosetta: aged five, deported to her death (1944),
1

Schade (manager of a textile mill): helps Jews,
1

Schall, Jakob: killed (1942),
1

Schechter, Rabbi Herschel: enters Buchenwald on the day of liberation,
1

Scheiber, Rabbi Lajos: his wife killed (1944),
1

Schertzer, Dr: shot (1943),
1

Schillinger, SS Sergeant-Major Josef: and a Jewish act of defiance,
1
; dies (1943),
2

Schindel, Sol: and the revolt at Auschwitz,
1

Schindler, Emilia: helps Jews,
1

Schindler, Oscar: protects Jews,
1
,
2
,
3
; a Jew saved by, returns home,
4

Schloss, Louis: murdered (1933),
1

Schmelt, General Albrecht: and labour camps (1941),
1

Schmidt (at Belzec): a ‘brute’,
1
,
2

Schmidt, Sergeant Anton: his courage, and fate,
1

Schneidemuhl: Jews deported from (1940),
1

Schneider, Gertrude: eye-witness to deportations (1942),
1
,
2
; and the clothes of the dead,
3

Schneider, Moise: killed (1942),
1

Schonebeck: Jews evacuated from (1945),
1

Schubert: his music played in the ghetto,
1

Schultz, Fritz: fails to protect his employees,
1

Schulz, Bruno: killed (1942),
1

Schulz, Dr Ulrich: shot (1941),
1

Schumann, Professor (an SS doctor): and medical experiments,
1

Schumm (a Jew from Kiel): killed (1933),
1

Schwartz (a guard at Belzec): tortures a Jew,
1

Schwartz, Meir: dies (1943),
1

Schwartz, Moshe-Yossel: leads an attack on German and Ukrainian guards,
1

Schwarzbard, Shalom: his act of vengeance (1926),
1
; his vengeance avenged (1941),
2

Schwarzbart, Ignacy: learns of the fate of many Jews in hiding (1943),
1

Schwartzman, Getzel: plans revolt,
1
; his death (1942),
2

Schwarzheide: Jews sent to factories at,
1
,
2
; Jews evacuated from,
3
; fate of the Jews evacuated from,
4
,
5

Schweinberger, SS Officer Horst: and the ‘hunters’,
1

Schwenningen: labour camp at, torments in (1942),
1

Seck, SS Sergeant: and a deportation (1941),
1

Seeshaupt: the eve and moment of liberation in (1945),
1

Seforim, Mendele Mocher: his anniversary celebrated (1941),
1

Segal, Berish: an act of defiance by,
1

Seidman, Hillel: recalls a deportation,
1

Selahettin, Bay: seeks to help Jews,
1

Serbia: murder of Jews in,
1

Serbs: murdered (1942),
1

Serebianski (Jewish police commander):
1

Sered: a deportee sends a message from,
1
; Jews in liberation of,
2
; Jews deported from, reach Auschwitz too late to be gassed,
3

Serelman, Hans: sent to a concentration camp (1935),
1

Sereni, Enzo: executed (1944),
1

Serniki: a break-out at,
1

Seweryn, Tadeusz: recalls Jewish act of defiance,
1