The Italian Renaissance (51 page)
Read The Italian Renaissance Online
Authors: Peter Burke
The six hundred painters, sculptors, architects, writers, humanists, scientists and musicians whose lives form the basis of
chapter 3
, in particular, were selected as follows:
Encyclopaedia of World Art
(organized by region, this list seemed to counter the Tuscan bias of Vasari).
2 88 writers from E. H. Wilkins,
A History of Italian Literature
(Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 1954).
3 74 humanists from E. Garin,
Italian Humanism
(Eng. trans., Oxford: Blackwell, 1965).
4 55 ‘scientists’ from R. Taton (ed.),
A General History of the Sciences
, vol. 2 (London: Thames & Hudson, 1965), revised with the help of Professor Marshall Clagett.
5 50 musicians selected from G. Reese,
Music in the Renaissance
(New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1959).
6 19 writers and humanists not in Wilkins or Garin, added to round the number up to 600 and chosen because I thought them important: J. Aconcio, G. B. Adriani, Aldo Manuzio, G. Aurispa, F. Barbaro, G. Barzizza, G. Benivieni, F. Beroaldo, B. Bibbiena, A. Bonfini, V. Calmeta, J. Caviceo, B. Corio, L. Domenichi, F. Nerli, B. Rucellai, M. A. Sabellico, B. della Scala and B. Segni.
The complete list can be found in the index to this book, with asterisks against the names.
Such a list is inevitably arbitrary, at least at the edges. Contemporaries, however much in sympathy with the idea of a collection of biographies, might have found the criterion of selection, ‘creativity’, hard to understand, and the learned would have expected to find canon lawyers or theologians rather than artists. The object of the exercise was to conduct something like a social survey of the dead: to look for patterns or tendencies. Hence the need to ask precise questions, as follows:
of birth: nine possible answers (Lombardy; Veneto; Tuscany; States of the Church; south Italy; Liguria; Piedmont; outside Italy; not known).
2 Size of birthplace: four possible answers (large; medium; small; not known).
3 Father’s occupation: nine possible answers (cleric; noble; humanist; professional or merchant; artist; artisan or shop-keeper connected with the arts; artisan or shop-keeper unconnected with the arts; peasant; not known).
4 Training: six possible answers (University of Padua; other universities; other humanist education; apprenticeship; musical education; not known).
5 Main discipline practised: seven possible answers (painting; sculpture; architecture; literature; humanism; science; music).
6 Specialization: three possible answers (one discipline; two disciplines; three or more).
7 Relatives practising these disciplines: five possible answers (no known relatives; one; two; three; four or more).
8 Geographical mobility: five possible answers (extremely sedentary; fairly sedentary; fairly mobile; extremely mobile; not known).
9 Patronage: two possible answers (Medici patronage; other).
10 Period of birth: ten possible answers (dividing the years 1340–1519 into nine periods of twenty years each, and adding a ‘not known’).
R
EFERENCES AND
B
IBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography contains all works to which reference is made in the notes, together with a few other studies of relevance to the field.
JWCI = Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute
.
Journal of the Society for Architectural History
13 (1954), pp. 3–10.
—
The Architecture of Michelangelo.
2nd edn, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
—‘
Ars sine scientia nihil est
’,
Art Bulletin
12 (1949), pp. 84–108.
—
Palladio.
Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966.
—‘Sources of the Renaissance villa’, in
Studies in Western Art
, Vol. 2:
The Renaissance and Mannerism
, ed. I. E. Rubin, pp. 6–18. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Ady, C. M.,
The Bentivoglio of Bologna.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937.
Ago, R.,
Gusto for Things: A History of Objects in Seventeenth-Century Rome
. Eng. trans., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Ajmar, M., ‘Talking pots’, in
The Art Market in Italy
, ed. M. Fantoni et al., pp. 55–64. Modena: Panini, 2003.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., and F. Dennis (eds),
At Home in Renaissance Italy
. London: V&A, 2006.
Ajmar-Wollheim, M., F. Dennis and A. Matchette,
Approaching the Italian Renaissance Interior
. Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
Alberici, C. (ed.),
Leonardo e l’incisione
. Milan: Electa, 1984.
Alberigo, G.,
I vescovi italiani al concilio di Trento.
Florence: Sansoni, 1959.
Alberti, L. B.,
De re aedificatoria
, ed. P. Portoghesi, 2 vols. Milan: Il Polifilo, 1966.
—I libri della famiglia
, ed. R. Romano and A. Tenenti. Eng. trans. R. N. Watkins. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1969.
—On Painting
, Eng. trans. J. R. Spencer. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
—On Painting; and On Sculpture
,
Eng. trans. C. Grayson. London: Phaidon Press, 1972.
Albertini, R. von,
Das florentinisch Staatsbewusstsein im Ubergang von der Republik zum Prinzipat.
Bern: Franke, 1955.
Alpers, S.,
The Art of Describing.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Alsop, J.,
The Rare Art Traditions.
London: Thames & Hudson, 1982.
Ames-Lewis, F., ‘Donatello’s bronze
David
and the Palazzo Medici courtyard’,
Renaissance Studies
3 (1989), pp. 235–51.
—
Drawing in Early Renaissance Italy.
New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1981.
—(ed.),
Florence
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
—
The Intellectual Life of the Early Renaissance Artist
. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2000.
—
Isabella and Leonardo
. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2012.
Ames-Lewis, F., and Wright, J. (eds)
Drawing in the Italian Renaissance Workshop.
New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983.
Anderson, J., ‘Rewriting the history of art patronage’,
Renaissance Studies
10 (1996), pp. 129–38.
Anselmi, G. M., F. Pezzarassa and L. Avellini,
La ‘memoria’ dei mercatores.
Bologna: Pàtron, 1980.
Antal, F.,
Florentine Painting and its Social Background.
London: Kegan Paul, 1947.
Anthon, C., ‘Social status of Italian musicians during the sixteenth century’,
Journal of Renaissance and Baroque Music
1 (1946), pp. 111–23, 222–34.
Antoni, C.,
From History to Sociology
. Eng. trans., Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1959.
Archambault, P., ‘The analogy of the body in Renaissance political literature’,
Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance
29 (1967), pp. 21–53.
Aretino, P.,
Sei giornate
(1534–6), ed. G. Aquilecchia. Bari: Einaudi, 1975.
Arnaldi, G., and M. Pastore Stocchi (eds),
Storia della cultura veneta
, 3:
Dal primo quattrocento al concilio di Trento
, 2 vols. Vicenza: Neri Pozza, 1980–1.
Aron, P.,
Toscanello.
Venice, 1523.
Asor Rosa, A. (ed.),
Letteratura italiana
, 2:
Produzione e consumo.
Turin: Einaudi, 1983.
Atlas, A. W.,
Music at the Aragonese Court of Naples.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Auerbach, E., ‘Figura’, in Auerbach,
Scenes from the Drama of European Literature
, pp. 11–76. New York, 1959.
—
Literary Language and its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages
. Eng. trans., London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965.
—
Mimesis.
Eng. trans., Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Avery, C.,
Florentine Renaissance Sculpture
. London: John Murray, 1970.
Bandello, M.,
Novelle
(1554), ed. G. G. Ferrero. Turin, 1974.
Barbieri, G.,
Economia e politica nel ducato di Milano.
Milan: Vita e pensiero, 1938.
Bareggi, C.,
Il mestiere di scrivere: lavoro intellettuale e mercato librario a Venezia nel cinquecento
. Rome: Bulzoni, 1988.
Barkan, L.,
Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.
Barnes, B.,
Michelangelo’s Last Judgement: the Renaissance Response
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Barolsky, P.,
Infinite Jest: Wit and Humor in Italian Renaissance Art.
London: University of Missouri Press, 1978.
—Why Mona Lisa Smiles
. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
Baron, H., ‘Burckhardt’s
Civilisation of the Renaissance
a century after its publication’,
Renaissance News
13 (1960), pp. 207–22.
—The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance.
Rev. edn, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966.
—‘The historical background of the Florentine Renaissance’,
History
23 (1938), pp. 315–27.
Barzman, K.-E., ‘Gender, religious representation and cultural production in early modern Italy’, in
Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy
, ed. J. C. Brown and R. C. Davis, pp. 213–33. London: Longman, 1998.
Baskins, C.,
Cassone Painting, Humanism and Gender in Early Modern Italy
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Batkin, L. M.,
L’idea di individualità nel Rinascimento italiano
. Italian trans. from Russian. Rome: Laterza, 1992.
—Die italienische Renaissance.
German trans. from Russian, Dresden: Verlag der Kunst, 1979.
Battara, P.,
La popolazione di Firenze alla metà del ’500.
Florence: Rinascimento del libro, 1935.
Battisti, E.,
L’antirinascimento.
Milan: Feltrinelli, 1962.
Bauer, H.,
Kunst und Utopie.
Berlin: De Gruyter, 1965.
Baxandall, M., ‘Art, society and the Bouguer principle’,
Representations
12 (1985), pp. 32–43.
—‘Bartholomaeus
Facius on painting’,
JWCI
27 (1964), pp. 90–107.
—‘A dialogue on art from the court of Leonello d’Este’,
JWCI
26 (1963), pp. 304–26.
—
Giotto and the Orators.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
—‘Guarino, Pisanello and Manuel Chrysoloras’,
JWCI
28 (1965), pp. 183–201.
—
Painting and Experience in Fifteenth-Century Italy.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
Bayer, A. (ed.),
Art and Love in Renaissance Italy
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
Bec, C.,
Cultura e società a Firenze nell’età della Rinascenza.
Rome: Salerno editrice 1981.
—(ed.),
Italie 1500–1550: une situation de crise?
Lyons: Hermès, 1975.
—
Les livres des florentins (1413–1608).
Florence: Olschki, 1984.
—
Les marchands écrivains.
Paris and The Hague: Mouton, 1967.
—‘Lo statuto socio-professionale degli scrittori’, in
Letteratura italiana
, 2:
Produzione e consumo
, ed. A. Asor Rosa. Turin: Einaudi, 1983.
Bellah, R.,
Tokugawa Religion.
Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957.
Belloni, G., and R. Drusi (eds),
Umanesimo ed educazione
. Vicenza: Costabissara, 2007.
Beloch, K. J.,
Bevölkerungsgeschichte Italiens
, vol. 3. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1961.
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