The Law Under the Swastika (51 page)
Read The Law Under the Swastika Online
Authors: Michael Stolleis
Tags: #History, #Europe, #Germany, #Law, #Administrative Law, #Legal History, #Perspectives on Law
13
. A term used to describe those who accepted the Weimar Republic not out of conviction but because it was the sensible thing to do.
14
.
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, December 21, 1993;
Kritische Justiz
(1993): 393–396.
15
. For instance, in the program
Panorama
on October 7, 1993; in
Die Zeit
, January 14, 1994; and in the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung
, February 6, 1994.
16
.
Süddeutsche Zeitung
, December 10, 1993. Earlier, the Bavarian Minister of the Interior Alfred Seidl (CSU) had acted as a legal and political adviser to Frey.
17
. News about the meeting between Max Streibl, former Minister President of Bavaria, and Schönhuber, chairman of the Republikaner, was lost in February 1994 in the tumult of other affairs. The statement issued to the press, that “politics had not been discussed at this meeting,” was surely not meant to be taken seriously. (The Republicans are a small party on the right of the political spectrum. It is active mostly on a local basis.—Trans.)
18
.
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, December 16, 1993. A short time later, Zhirinovsky was expelled from Bulgaria, and the German government refused to let him enter the country.
19
. H. Kühnert, “Maunz raus?”
Die Zeit
, February 10, 1994, 66; A. Gorkow, “Die braune Seite des Theodor Maunz,”
Süddeutsche Zeitung
, February 12–13, 1994. The
December 1993 foreword to the twenty-ninth edition of Maunz and Zippelius,
Deutsches Staatsrecht
(Munich, 1994), did not mention either Maunz’s death or the events described here.
20
. I will not discuss the private letters addressed to me, which were, of course, also sent to colleague friends as circular letters. Public statements came from Klaus Vogel in a letter to the editor (
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, January 5, 1994). His doubts that there were “hundreds of articles by Maunz” are certainly justified, but they touch only a marginal issue: After all, there were articles by Maunz, as has now been confirmed by reprints (for instance in the
National-Zeitung
, February 18, 1994). Moreover, Maunz’s work as an expert adviser over a period of about two decades had been sufficiently proved through facsimiles of his handwritten reports.
21
. J. H. Kaiser, “Steine von links auf ein Staatsrechtler-Grab,”
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, January 29, 1994.
22
. W. Roth, “Anonyme Beiträge für Extremisten. Enger Kontakt zwischen CSU-Mitglied Maunz und DNV-Chef Frey,”
Süddeutsche Zeitung
, October 9–10, 1993; O. Gritschneder, “Die unbedarften Freunde des Staatsrechtlers Theodor Maunz,” commentary on cultural affairs in
Bayerischer Rundfunk
, October 24, 1993; G. Mauz in
Der Spiegel
42 (1993): 33–34.
23
. A. Hollerbach, “Juristische Lehre und Forschung in Freiburg in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus,” in E. John et al., eds.,
Die Freiburger Universität in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
(1991), 104.
24
. G. Anschütz,
Aus meinem Leben
, edited with introduction by W. Pauly (1993), 328–329.
25
. The popular counter question—what about committed work of constitutional lawyers for left-wing extremism and for the regime of the former East Germany?—remains a theoretical one, given the lack of examples. So far there is no information about support from constitutional lawyers for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), German Communist Party (DKP), Communist League of West Germany (KBW), or Red Army Faction (RAF, a left-wing terrorist group) and, with few exceptions, the jurists of constitutional and international law in the GDR have by now been dismissed or sent into retirement.
INDEX
Abendroth, Wolfgang,
100
Academy for German Law,
7
,
11
,
52
,
67
,
97
,
121
,
128–30
Administrative Courts and Administrative High Courts,
132
,
135
; of Baden,
134–35
,
138
; of Bavaria,
139
; of Bremen,
240n.131
; decisions,
136–42
; of Hessia,
141
; of Oldenburg,
141
; of Prussia,
131
,
134
,
136
,
137–38
,
141
; of Saxony,
130
,
139–40
; of Thuringia,
140–41
,
174
; of Württemberg,
138–39
.
See also
Reich Administrative Court; Verwaltungsgerichte
administrative jurisdiction,
2
,
3
,
16–17
,
103
,
107–8
,
127–44
,
171
,
173
administrative law,
78
,
98–100
,
221n.10
; and administrative studies,
115–16
,
124
; journals,
104–5
; judges,
129
; under National Socialism,
16
,
102–14
; textbooks,
111–14
; theory of,
87–88
administrative planning,
109
administrative studies,
115–26
,
228n.7
; international congresses,
121
Adorno, Theodor,
153
Ahnenerbe
,
62
Allied occupation,
xii
,
3
,
9
,
167–84
; judicial personnel policies,
167–68
,
171–72
,
174–78
,
183–84
; law under the military government,
9
,
170–78
.
See also
zones of occupation
Altmann.
See
Barbie
Amira, K. von,
61
Amtsgerichte,
171–72
; defined,
1
Anhalt,
142
Anschütz, Gerhard,
13
,
75
,
90
,
96
,
191–92
antipositivism,
90–92
antirepublicanism,
92
anti-Semitism,
45
,
49
,
58
,
90
,
97
,
180
.
See also
Jews
AOG.
See
Law on the Organization of National Labor
Arbeitsordnung,
17
arbitrary measures,
13
.
See also
state: prerogative
Archiv des öffentlichen Rechts
,
104
Archiv Kornelimünster,
153
arrests,
95
art: government control,
13
Association of Constitutional Lawyers,
88
,
90
,
99
,
100
,
188
; avoidance of moral issues,
189
; and Maunz case,
190–91
Association of Former Military Judges,
27–28
,
146
Augustine,
6
Augustus,
55
Austria,
135
,
136
,
206n.18
; administrative studies in,
115
Badura, Peter,
110
Baring, Martin,
139
Basic Law,
34
,
65
,
88
,
100
,
146
; community clause,
65
; creation,
167–68
; Maunz/Dürig commentary,
186
Bavaria,
111
; government links to DVU,
189–90
Bayerische Verwaltungsblätter
,
104
Beck, C. H. (publisher),
190
Bender, Peter,
58
Best, Werner,
114
Bilfinger, K.,
75
Binder, J.,
92
Blätter für administrative Praxis
,
105
Blood Protection Law,
17
bourgeoisie.
See
middle class
breeding,
72
Brill, Hermann L.,
100
British Control Commission,
172
Brown and Gray Books,
11
Bruck, Moeller van den,
93
Brunner, H.,
61
Brunner, Otto,
63
Brunstäd, F.,
92
building law,
17
Bundesgerichtshof,
3
,
175
.
See also
Federal Supreme Court
Bundestag,
167
; and People’s Court,
155
,
157–58
,
162
Bundesverfassungsgericht,
2–4
.
See also
Federal Constitutional Court
bureaucracy: distinct from leadership,
120
canon law,
46
causation and fault,
34
Chamberlain, Houston Steward,
58
charity,
198n.81
Christianity,
47
,
95
; Catholic-Apostolic Community,
139
; Catholicism,
66
; Christian Science,
139
; “positive,” endorsed by Nazi party,
7
; Protestantism,
66
.
See also
Jehovah’s Witnesses
churches,
12
,
45
,
62
,
64
; state church law,
171
Churchill, Winston,
32
Cicero,
37
citizenship law,
78
Civil Code (1900),
1
,
50–52
,
58
,
70
,
181
; criticism,
204n.25
; Nazi plan to dismantle,
17
civil law,
17–18
,
44
; and community,
68–72
civil service and civil service law,
78–79
,
135
Code of Criminal Procedure,
161
,
180
Cohen, H.,
89
Commercial Code,
141
communal thinking.
See
national community
Communists,
133
,
140
; assets confiscated,
134
compensation: for concentration camp survivors,
–xii
; law,
69–70
,
135
; for victims of military justice,
153
concentration camps,
xi
,
2
,
18
,
62
Conference of German Legal Historians (1988),
41
Conference of Legal Historians (1936),
54
conflict between natural and positive law,
vi–viii
,
6
,
10
,
179
,
181
conflict between Roman and German law,
41
,
43–47
,
50–56
,
57
,
207n.20
.
See also
Point 19
conquered territories,
132
,
136
; special law for,
19–20
conscientious objectors,
149
constitutional law,
12–14
,
33
,
82–83
,
106
,
217n.1
; and idea of community,
68
,
73–80
; in early Nazi regime,
12–14
; theory,
87–101
constitutions: Bismarckian,
89
,
94–95
; of Federal Republic,
3–4
,
168
,
191
; of Weimar Republic,
viii
,
1
,
13
,
33
,
74
,
94–96
,
159
Control Commission,
175
Control Council,
167–68
,
170–73
,
177
,
179–82
copyright law,
72
Corpus Juris,
52
Court of Appeals. See Oberlandesgerichte
courts,
1–4
,
16–17
,
19–20
,
148
; German terms defined,
1
,
3
.
See also
names of courts
crime,
172
; as viewed by National Socialism,
20
; of Nazis,
11
,
41
,
169
,
172
,
180
,
182
; war,
180
criminal law,
11
,
35
; and community,
72–73
; under National Socialism,
19–20
,
35
,
99
,
147
; in occupied Germany,
179–81
Dahm, Georg,
30–31
,
41–42
,
59–60
,
73
Danckwerts, Justus,
113
,
129
,
132–33
Darré, Rudolf Walter,
58
