The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus (78 page)

^[93]
    Bagatti 1971a.:18–19.

^[94]
    In a “Communication” in the
Revue Biblique
of 1971 (Bagatti 1971b) the archaeologist reviews finds from the CJ. He mentions the excavation of “subterranean [cavities] of the Iron
and Bronze Ages
” (emphasis added). The
Scavo
article, however, lacks discussion of any Bronze Age findings.

^[95]
    Map ref. 178040/233975. Bagatti refers to this tomb as the one “built in the style of the Israelite period” (
i.e
., Iron Age,
NEAEHL
, p. 1104).

^[96]
   
’Atiqot
2001, pp.160–169

^[97]
   
Vitto 159.

^[98]
   
Liber Annuus
1977:135–144. The citation is on pp. 135–36 (translation RS).

^[99]
    For Loffreda’s dating conventions, see his p. 135.  He writes: “Also the dating of these two vessels is the same as that of the other vessels from this tomb: the Iron I period” (Loffreda 141).

^[100]
  Vitto 167.

^[101]
  This tomb is Kopp’s No. 11. Discussion:
Exc
. 244; Kopp 1938:200. Map:
Exc.
fig. 3, quadrant A3. Plan:
Exc
. fig. 182, top right, and Kopp 1938:200.

^[102]
  Kopp 1938:200.

^[103]
  Bloch-Smith 44. See her Fig. 10 and discussion pp. 41–53.

^[104]
  Hachlili and Killebrew 1983:126. The bench-type tomb continued for many centuries, yielding to an “Intermediate” type in the Persian period.
Cf
. Stern in
CHJ
I:93; Finegan 184.

^[105]
  This question is considered in detail in Chapter. 5.

^[106]
                  Josephus,
Vita
45, 52;
Wars
2.20.6; 3.7.31.

^[107]
 
    Map reference 1763.2326. See D. Barag, “Japhia” in
NEAEHL
.

^[108]
                 Robert Boling,
Joshua
. Doubleday: Garden City, N.Y., 1982, p. 445.

^[109]
  Under the CJ is probably also a single-chambered Iron Age tomb (Bagatti 1971: “a” in figs. 3–4). We cannot include a distant Iron Age tomb excavated by Y. Alexandre in 1998 (Alexandre 2003) in our calculus. This tomb is 4.3 km NE from the Church of the Annunciation (as the crow flies), well over the crest of the hill and in the area of Har Yona. It certainly was outside the ambit of the Nazareth settlement. Two later tombs from the Roman period, 2.3 and 2.6 km from the Franciscan property, are also doubtful in this regard. They will be considered in Chapter Five.

^[110]
 “Galilee,” OEANE, p. 451; Chp. 1:31.

^[111]
   Gal 1998:52.

^[112]
   Chancey:33.

^[113]
   See Chp. 1:35.

^[114]
   See Chp. 1:
Illus.5
. For the Iron Age evidence see
Exc
. 211:24–25; 214:2;
Scavo
1–6, 17, 21; Chp. 1:26–38 and Appendix 2.

^[115]
   See Chp. 1:
Illus.5
.

^[116]
   Chp. 1:36–38.

^[117]
  Aviam 2004:42.

^[118]
  Stern 1982:91 and Stern in ABD v. 5:116.

^[119]
  
Stern 1982:91, 93, 110.

^[120]
  
Alexandre 2005. For Ailut, see Chp. 1:
Illus 2
. The tomb is located at map ref. NIG 2247/7356; OIG 1747/2356.

^[121]
  
A cist tomb possibly dating to the Persian period was excavated in Horvat Devora (Dabburiya), 7.2 km east of the CA. See
Hadashot Arkheologiyot
117 (report date 6/11/2005, signed by D. Syon).

^[122]
  
DACL
cols
.
1021–1054.

^[123]
 
DACL
cols. 1021–22.

^[124]
 
Revue Biblique
XL (1931), p. 556.

^[125]
  See the Bibliography for volume and page numbers.

^[126]
  Kopp’s doctoral dissertation is entitled “Die ‘Fallaciae ad modum Oxoniae’: Ein Fehlschlusstraktat aus dem 13. Jahrhundert” (publ. 1985).

^[127]
  German edition:
Die heiligen Stätten der Evangelien
(1959).

^[128]
  Kopp quotes from the
Revue Biblique
( see n. 15 above).

^[129]
  Kopp 1938:188–89.

^[130]
  Kopp 1938:189.

^[131]
  See,
e.g
., Crossan and Reed 2002:34–35.

^[132]
  Aviam 2004:90.

^[133]
  See below p. 77
f
for similar confusion in B. Bagatti’s chronology and discussion.

^[134]
  Chp. 1:36.

^[135]
  Kopp 1938:190.

^[136]
  F.J. Scrimgeour,
Nazareth of Today.
Edinburgh and London, 1913, p.1. Kopp 1938:191.

^[137]
 Kopp 1938:190.

^[138]
  The first director of IDAM (1948–1961) was Dr. Shmuel Yeivin.

^[139]
  Per Institute public notice, 2003. We note the priority of “sacred scripture” to “archaeology.”

^[140]
  For a complete list of Fr. Bagatti’s publications, see
Studia Hierosolymitana in onore del P. Bellarmino Bagatti. I. Studi Archeologici
. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1976, pp. 2–27.

^[141]
 
Liber Annuus
5 (1955):5–44 and Bagatti 1960.

^[142]
  For a discussion of evidence
vs
. conclusion, see the
Introduction
.

^[143]
 
Exc
. 2.

^[144]
 
LA
(5) 1955:5–44.

^[145]
  Bagatti 1955:23.

^[146]
  For published plans see: Viaud 33, 35, 81, 83;
Exc
. Pl. XI;
DACL
1043; Finegan 29/47. For the slope of the hillside see Viaud 38, 52, 135;
Exc
. Pl. XI (inset).

^[147]
 
Lonely Planet Guide to Israel
, 1999, p. 288.

^[148]
  Viaud:81 (map); Kopp 1939:88–90; 1963:64; Bagatti
Exc
:186.

^[149]
  Viaud:35, 81 (maps); Kopp 1939:92; Bagatti 1955:16; 
Exc
:50.

^[150]
 
DB
Supplement 6, cols. 318–333.

^[151]
  Bagatti 1960:318. It is probable that Bagatti here divides the Iron Age into two,  not three parts. Thus, his “Iron II” extended to
c
. 600 BCE. Nevertheless, elsewhere he uses Early-Middle-Late Iron nomenclature (EI, MI, LI),
e.g
.,
Exc
. 272. Often his discussion does not subdivide the Iron Period. The argument in this text obtains regardless of which nomenclature Bagatti adopts.

^[152]
  The possibility of habitations in the venerated area is taken up in Chapter Five, when we discuss the topography of the basin and the more precise localization of the ancient village.

^[153]
  Mais si, comme il semble évident, ce caractère agricole s’était maintenu jusqu’au temps du Seigneur… See below pp. 79
ff
for extended discussion.

^[154]
  Chapter 1, pp. 49–50.

^[155]
 
Exc
. 50.

^[156]
  See Taylor 1993:262.

^[157]
  Above p.66.

^[158]
  Gophna 29.

^[159]
 
Arch
. 289.

^[160]
  For the Iron Age evidence
cf
. Chapter 1; for the Middle-Late Roman evidence
cf
. Chapters 4–6.