The Other Slavery (74 page)

New Mexico,
122

northern Mexico,
75
,
93

English pirates,
83–87
,
89
,
352
n 21

Enríquez, Juan,
132
,
142–44

Enríquez de Almanza, Martín,
89
,
110

equestrian Indians.
See
horses

Equiano, Olaudah,
49

esclavos de guerra
(war slaves),
26
,
62
,
70
,
73
,
89
,
120–21

Española

caciques (chiefs),
35–37
,
39

characterization of natives,
21

encomenderos
(grantees),
39

gold prospecting and mining,
28–34
,
37

illegal enslavement,
37

population decline,
15–16
,
37
,
39

Spanish expeditions and rule,
19
,
24–25
,
34–36

used for hard labor,
28
,
32

Ethridge, Robbie,
172

Eulate, Juan de,
119

Europe

Indians imported to,
4

non-Christian enemies allowed as slaves,
26

Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah
,
275

F

Farnham, Thomas J.,
194

Fauntleroy, Thomas T.,
405
n 24

Fenn, Elizabeth A.,
217

Ferdinand (king of Spain),
14
,
18–19
,
41

Indian rights and,
24–28
,
34

Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo,
32
,
37

Ferrer de Blanes, Jaume,
21

Field, Stephen,
304

Florida

early slave trade in,
42

Seminoles and slavery,
218
,
296

use of Peonage Act of 1867,
314

vagrancy acts,
303

Fort Canby,
290
,
291
.
See also
Fort Defiance, attacks on

Fort Defiance, attacks on,
278–80
,
282–84
,
406
n 28

Francisco de Croix, Carlos,
212–13

Francisco Treviño, Juan,
153

Frémont, John C.,
256
,
269
,
271

G

García, Antonio,
123

García, Lagos,
193

García de Escañuela, Bartolomé,
123
,
374
n 15

Georgia,
314

Geronimo,
9
,
231–37

Getty, George W.,
312

Gilg, Adam,
200–201
,
203
,
379
n 36

gold prospecting.
See
Española: gold prospecting and mining

Gonzales, Abernicio,
314

Graves, Julius K.,
299–300
,
308–9

Great Northern Rebellion,
169
,
174
,
379
n 36.
See also
Pueblo Indians, rebellion

Gregg, Josiah,
222

Greiner, John,
280

Griffin, William W.,
312–13

Guadalupe, Carib attack,
44

Guadalupe Vallejo, Mariano,
247–49

Guerra, Salvador de,
166

Guinea,
24

Gutiérrez, Ramón,
165

Guzmán, Nuño de,
60
,
64
,
81

H

H. H. Bancroft & Co.,
164

Halleck, Henry W.,
263–64

Hämäläinen, Pekka,
175

Hanson, George M.,
306–7

Harlan, James,
299
,
308
,
409
n 6

Harlan, John Marshall,
305

Haro y Monterroso, Fernando de,
139
,
140
,
141

Hastings, Lansford W.,
250–51

Hawkins, John,
83

Hispaniola.
See
Española

horses

equestrian Indians,
175–77
,
180–81
,
195

and Europeans,
7
,
43
,
91

and Paiutes,
3

and Utes,
193
,
194
,
271–72
,
381
n 10

Hosta, Francisco,
281

Hubbell, Sydney A.,
294

Hurtado, Albert,
258

I

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
(Jacobs),
49

Indian-on-Indian bondage,
64
,
135
,
195

Indian slavery, definition of,
10–11

Indians’ role

captives, taking of, treatment, and disposal,
221–22
,
225–27

complicity in trafficking,
119–20
,
172
,
362
n 31

Inés Calderón, María,
126

Interesting Narrative
(Equiano),
49

Isabella (queen),
18–19

Indian rights and,
24–28
,
34–35

J

Jacobs, Harriet,
47
,
49

Jesús de Ágreda, María de,
127
,
130–31
,
366
n 10

Jews

emigration of New Christians to Mexico,
96–98

la raya de Portugal
(the line of Portugal),
77
,
97

Spanish Inquisition,
68
,
76
,
349
n 1

Johnson, Joel H.,
274

Johnson, Andrew,
299

Jones, Daniel W.,
194

Jones, John Lee,
276

Jorge de León, Francisco,
80

K

Kaniache (Muache Utes chief),
285–87

Kelsey, Andrew, Benjamin, and Samuel,
258–59
,
261
,
400
n 33

Kitchen, Richard D.,
273

Knight, Thomas,
261

L

labor coercion,
8
,
10–11

la guerra de los peñoles
(the war of the mountaintops),
69–70
,
73

“La Isla Española.”
See
Española

Las Casas, Bartolomé de,
13–16
,
31–32
,
39
,
43
,
44
,
46
,
65
,
68
,
70

Las Casas, Gonzalo de,
99

Lavezaris, Guido de,
135

León, Duarte de,
77–78
,
80
,
350
n 7

León Luján, Pedro,
270–72

Lesser Antilles,
40
,
43
,
44

Lima, Francisco de,
106

Lincoln, Abraham,
301–2
,
306

Lindsay, Brendan C.,
307

Livi Bacci, Massimo,
15

López, Gregorio,
49

López de Cerrato, Alonso,
74

López de Mendizábal, Bernardo,
121
,
166
,
377
n 30

Lucayo Indians,
41
,
44

Lumbroso, Joseph (Joseph the Enlightened).
See
Carvajal, Luis de (el Mozo)

Luque, Francisco,
140

M

Manso, Juan,
120
,
141
,
363
n 33

Manuelito (Navajo chief),
280

Mapuche Indians, legal enslavement,
127–28
,
144
,
371
n 30

María Morelos, José,
390
n 2

Mariana (queen of Spain),
128–29
,
131
,
136
,
141
,
142
,
366
n 8

Marsh, John,
250

Marshall, James W.,
100

Martínez, Mariano,
243–44

Martínez de la Marcha, Hernando,
73–74

Martire d’Anghiera, Pietro,
29
,
39

Maverick, Mary A.,
227

Mechoopda Indians,
252–54

Melgarejo, Bartolomé,
72–73
,
348
n 39

Menchero, Miguel de,
180

Mendoza, Antonio de,
70

Mercure, Alex,
314

Mexican Inquisition,
97–98
,
352
n 21

Mexico,
354
n 31

abolition of Indian slavery,
72–73
,
136
,
139–40
,
219
,
348
n 41,
390
n 2

encomienda
system in,
61–62
,
68
,
93
,
346
n 24,
354
n 32

esclavos de rescate
(ransomed slaves),
62

Indian citizenship,
8

Mixtón War (war of the mountaintops),
69–70
,
73

pre-contact slavery,
64
,
195
,
385
n 38

Sentiments of the Nation,
390
n 2

taxes paid on slaves,
62

Mexico, government of, complicity in trafficking,
119–21

Mexico, laws of

servitude and vagrancy laws,
238–40

tax shelter of owning slaves,
123

Mexico, mining in.
See also
Chichimec Wars; silver mining

cuadrillas (teams) and gold mining,
65–66

encomienda
slaves barred,
65

gold prospecting and mining,
65

paid and unpaid labor in,
364
n 38

Pánuco, slaves from,
83

visitadores
(inspectors) to mines,
73–74

Mexico, northern

Indian slavers,
174
,
380
n 2

major slaving grounds,
134–35

military installations.
See
presidios

Miller, Samuel,
301
,
304
,
410
n 13

mining, legal aspects

sale of mine and slaves attached to it,
65–66

slaves, freedom rejected,
73

Miranda, Tomás,
208

Mississippi, Vagrancy Act of 1865,
303

mita
(draft labor),
124

Mitchell, Robert B.,
309

Mixtón War.
See
la guerra de los peñoles
(the war of the mountaintops)

Moirans, Epifanio de,
148
,
372
n 41

Monleón Cortés, Bernardo de,
142

Montgomery, John B.,
263–64

Mooney, James,
225

Mormons,
3
,
266
,
276–77

Lamanite marriage rare,
276

Lamanites,
268
,
269

relations with traffickers,
269–72
,
403
n 4

retaliatory slaving raids,
274

stories of indentured children,
273–75

Walker War of 1853,
403
n 11

Mota y Escobar, Alonso de la,
110–11

Moya de Contreras, Pedro,
90

N

Narrative
(Douglass),
49

Navajo campaign of 1863–1864,
9
,
284–85

Battle of Canyon de Chelly,
285
,
287
,
288–90

Hispanic and Indian continuation,
290
,
292
,
407
n 41

women and children captives in,
286
,
288

Navajo Indians

attacks on Fort Defiance and around New Mexico,
278–80
,
282–84
,
406
n 28

Bosque Redondo reservation,
284
,
289–90
,
293
,
310–11

Canyon de Chelly treaty and release of captives,
242–44

Long Walk, The,
291

New Mexico, cycle of violence,
279–82

proclamation prohibiting traffic in Indians in New Mexico,
293

traffickers beheading children,
177
,
179
,
381
n 11

New Kingdom of León.
See
Nuevo León