The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (118 page)

Russo-Persian War (1826–28)

Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)

Rysbrack, Michel

el-Sadat, Anwar

Saigon

St Eustatius

St Helena

St Kitts

St Lawrence River

St Lucia

St Pierre and Miquelon islands

St Vincent

Les Saintes

Les Saintes, Battle of (1782)

Salisbury, 3rd Marquess of

Salisbury, 5th Marquess of

Salmon, Air-Marshal Sir John

Salvation Army

Samoa

Sandwich, Lord

Sandys, Duncan

Sanger, ‘Lord’ George

Santiago de Cuba

‘Sapper’

Sarawak

Saturday Review

satyagraha

Saudi Arabia

Saunders, Admiral Sir Charles

Savory, Lieutenant-General Sir Reginald

Savoy, Duke of

Saxony

Schnitzer, Eduard

Scotland

Scotsman

Scott, Sir Walter

Scottish Martyrs

Scottish Presbyterian African Lakes Company

scurvy

Second World War: Egypt in; India in; war declared; ‘phoney war’; American involvement; Churchill’s importance; Battle of Britain; in Far East; Australia in; fall of Singapore; class factors; black soldiers; racism; propaganda; manufacturing industry; atomic bombs; casualties

Sedbergh School

Seeley, Sir John

Seely, Colonel John

Sekhukhuni

Selangor

Selbourne, Lord

Selous, Sir Frederick

Senegal

Seng-ko-lin-chin, Prince

Serbia

Sevastopol

Seven Years War

Sèvres, Treaty of (1956)

sexuality: in India; and racism; film censorship

Seychelles

Seymour, Admiral Sir Beauchamp

Sezincote, Gloucestershire

Shaffer, Peter

Shanghai

Shantung

Sharpeville

Shaw, Bernard

Shepherd, Sir Francis

Shepstone, Sir Theophilus

Shinwell, Emmanuel

shipping

Shovell, Admiral Sir Clowdisley

Shuckburgh, Evelyn

Siam (Thailand)

Sibthorp, Colonel Charles

Sierra Leone

Sikhs

Simond, Louis

Simple, Peter

Sind

Singapore; Raffles establishes; trade with Britain; Muslims mutiny; Second World War; naval base built; defence of

Sinn Fein

Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)

Sino-Japanese War (1937)

Siraj-ud-Daula, nawab of Bengal

Sithole, Ndabaningi

slavery: West Indies; American War of Independence; abolition of; ‘blackbirding’; in Arabia

Slump

Smith, Adam

Smith, General Sir Harry

Smith, Ian

Smith, Sir Ross

Smith, William

Smollett, Tobias

Smuts, Jan

Soames, Lord

social Darwinism

socialism

Society for the Extinction of the Slave-Trade

Society for the Propagation of the Christian Gospel

Solomon Islands

Somalia

Somaliland

‘Sons of Liberty’

Soref, Harold

South Africa; Boer War; Boers; strategic importance; Xhosa wars; diamonds; proposed federation; Zulu War; Jameson Raid; self-government; apartheid; Chinese indentured labourers; race relations; First World War; sexual laws; anti-war sentinent; Second World War; Lend Lease; and the Cold War; Sharpeville massacre; Macmillan visits

South America

South-East Asia Command (SEAC)

South West Africa

Southern Rhodesia;
see also
Rhodesia; Zimbabwe

Southey, Robert

Soviet Union: subversive activities; and Middle East; manufacturing industry; German-Soviet Pact; Second World War; as superpower; Cold War; anti-colonial propaganda; influence in Egypt; invasion of Hungary; Afghan war;
see also
Russia

Spain: competition with England in the Americas; Treaty of Tordesillas; fights British in Caribbean; and the ‘Western Design’; War of the Spanish Succession; War of Jenkin’s Ear; Seven Years War; and American War of Independence; Napoleonic Wars

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Main

Spectator

The Sphere

spice trade

spies, Lloyds insurance agents

sports

Stack, Sir Lee

Stalin, Joseph

Stamfordham, Lord

Stamp Act (1765)

stamps

The Standard

Stanley, Sir Henry

Staple Act (1663)

State Department (US)

Stephenson, George

sterling block

sterling crises

Stewart, James

Stilwell, General ‘Vinegar’ Joe

Storrs, Sir Ronald

Strachey, Lytton

Straggle, Operation

Straits Settlements

Streber, Colonel

Stuart, Major-General James

Sudan; Mahdism; Gordon in; British occupation of; film-making in; independence; military coup

Sudetenland

Suez Canal; Disraeli takes controlling interest in; strategic importance; security of; Italy threatens; Suez war; importance in Cold War; British occupation of Canal Zone ended

Suez Canal Company

sugar

Sumatra

Sun

Sun Yat-Sen

Surinam

Swift, Jonathan

Swinburne, Algernon

Swinhoe, Robert

Sydney

Sydney
Bulletin

Sydney Morning Herald

Sykes, Sir Mark

Sykes-Picot agreement (1916)

Syria

Tahiti

Taimir bin-Said, Sultan of Oman

Tanganyika;
see also
German East Africa

tariff reform

Tawfiq, Khedive

Tea Act (1773)

tea trade

Tedder, Air-Marshal Lord

telegraph

television

Templer, Field-Marshal Sir Gerald

textiles: Indian; cotton; wool

Thailand
see
Siam

Thakombau, King of Fiji

Thant, U

Thatcher, Margaret

theatre

Theodore, Emperor of Abyssinia

Thomas, Sir Shenton

Thugs

Tibet

Tientsin, Treaty of (1858)

Time

The Times

Tipu Sultan

Tissot, James

tobacco, Virginia

Tobago

Togoland

Tojo, General Hideki

Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494)

Tories, and American independence;
see also
Conservative party

Toulon

Touré, Samory

trade: East India Company; slaves; textiles; spices; tea; transatlantic; fur; cotton; mercantilism; free trade; wool; protectionism; with India; opium; with China; West Africa; tariff reform; imperial preference

trade unions

Trades Union Congress

Trafalgar, battle of (1805)

Trans-Siberian Railway

Transvaal; Boer occupation; proposed South African federation; railways; war of independence; Jameson Raid; Boer War; self-government

Treasury; national debt; Crimean War; construction of Singapore naval base; and colonial profits; and Indian independence; defence cuts

Trenchard, Air-Marshal Lord

Trincomalee

Trinidad

Tristan da Cunha

Trollope, Anthony

Trud

Truman, Harry

Truman Doctrine

Trumbull, Jonathan

Tunis

Tunisia

Turkey

Turkish Oil Company

Tyndale-Briscoe, Cecil

Tyne, river

Tzu-hsi, Dowager Empress of China

U-boats

Uganda

Uitlanders

Ulster

Ulster Unionists

Ulster Volunteers

Umm Diwaykarat, battle of (1899)

unemployment

Union Jack

Union Jack

Union of Students of Black Descent

Unionists

United African National Council

United Nations; and the Cold War; creation of Israel; and the Suez war

United States of America: trade with Britain; ‘new imperialism’; industries; emigration to; Monroe Doctrine; First World War; and Irish ‘Troubles’; isolationism; views of British empire; manufacturing industry; battleships; and defence of Australia; poor relations with Britain; Second World War; race riots; anti-imperialism; British financial dependence on; Atlantic Charter; British hostility towards; racism; and SEAC; Lend Lease; as superpower; Cold War; Truman Doctrine; and NATO; fear of Communist subversion; and the Iranian crisis; Korean War; deteriorating relations with Britain; and the Middle East; and the Suez war; Vietnam War; ‘special relationship’; and the Falklands war

Upper Niger

Urabi Pasha

Uruguay

USAAF

Utrecht, Treaty of (1714)

Vancouver, Captain George

Vansittart, Lord

Venables, General Robert

Vereeniging, Treaty of (1902)

Vernon, Admiral Edward

Versailles, Peace of (1783)

Versailles Treaty (1919)

Vichy government

Victoria (Australia)

Victoria, Lake

Victoria, Queen; Empress of India; Diamond Jubilee; head of state of self-governing colonies

Viet Minh

Viet Nam

Viet Nam War

Virginia

Virginia Company

Vladivostok

Voice of America

Voltaire

Wafd

Wager, Rear-Admiral Sir Charles

Wakefield, Colonel Edward Gibbon

Walpole, Horace

Walpole, Sir Robert

Walsingham, Sir Francis

War of the Austrian Succession

War Office

War of the Spanish Succession

Ward, Colonel John

Ward, Sir Joseph

Warner, Sir Thomas

Warwick, Earl of

Washington, George

Washington Naval Treaty

Waterhouse, Captain Charles

Waterloo, battle of (1815)

Watt, James

Watts, Isaac

Wauchope, General Sir Arthur

Wavell, General Sir Archibald

Webb, Beatrice

Webb, Sydney

Wehrmacht

Welensky, Sir Roy

welfare state

Welldon, J.E.C.

Welles, Sumner

Wellesley, Richard, Marquess

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of; as a hero; in India; Napoleonic Wars; achievements

West Africa; Lugard and; inhospitable conditions; wars with French in; Britain loses trade with; Second World War; Communist propaganda; independence movements

West Africa Frontier Force

West Indies: settlement of; slaves; and the ‘Western Design’; defences; immigration; War of Jenkin’s Ear; Seven Years War; and American War of Independence; Napoleonic Wars; sugar; abolition of slavery; emigration to; First World War; desire for self-government; Second World War; impoverishment; emigration to Britain

Western Design

Western Front

Wheatley, Sir Mervyn

Wheatley, Brigadier-General Philip

Whigs

White, George

Whitehaven

Wigg, George

Wilberforce, William

Wilhelm II, Kaiser

Wilkes, John

Willcocks, Colonel James

William III, King

Williams, Ralph

Williams, Roger

Williams, Ruth

Williamson, Henry

Wilson, Colonel Sir Arnold

Wilson, Harold

Wilson, Field-Marshal Sir Henry

Wilson, Woodrow

Wingate, Orde

Wingate, Sir Reginald

Winthrop, John

wireless

Wolfe, James

Wolseley, Sir Garnet; in India; in South Africa; in Egypt; Sudanese campaign

Wolters, Richard

wool trade

working classes

Wright, Sir James

Wright, Peter

Wylloughby de Broke, Lord

Xhosa tribe

Yalta conference (1945)

Yangtze River

Yeh Ming-chin

Yemen

York, Duke of

Yorktown, battle of (1781)

Young, George Kennedy

Young Commonwealth conference (1956)

Young Egypt party

Young England

Young Turks

Younghusband, Major-General Sir Francis

Yü-hsien

Zaghlul, Said

Zaïre;
see also
Congo

Zambesia

Zambia;
see also
Northern Rhodesia

Zanzibar

Zetland, Marquess of

Zimbabwe
see
Rhodesia; Southern Rhodesia

Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)

Zimbabwe African People’s Union

Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA)

Zimbabwe United People’s Organisation

Zionism

Zulu wars

Zulus

By the same author

Crimea: The War With Russia in Contemporary Photographs

The Savage Wars: British Campaigns in Africa 1870–1920

Mutiny: Mutinies in British and Commonwealth Forces 1797–1956

Imperial Rearguard: The Last Wars of Empire

The Golden Warrior: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia

The Iron Duke: A Military Biography of the Duke of Wellington

Imperial Warrior: The Life and Times of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
Copyright © 1994 by Lawrence James. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

James, Lawrence.

The rise and fall of the British Empire / by Lawrence James.

p. cm.

ISBN 0-312-16985-X

1. Great Britain—Colonies—History. 2. Imperialism—Great Britain—History. 3. Commonwealth countries—History. 4. Decolonization.   I. Title.

DA16.J26   1995

909'.0971241—dc20   95-38774   CIP

First published in Great Britain by Little, Brown and Company