Read The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology Online
Authors: Ray Kurzweil
Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Fringe Science, #Retail, #Technology, #Amazon.com
Justice Department, U.S., 284
Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, 557
n
Kaczynski, Ted, 32, 410, 411, 597
n
Kahle, Brewster, 588
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Kahn, Ron, 303
Kalaugher, Liz, 528
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Kamat, Prashant V., 567
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Kandel, Eric R., 544
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Kanellos, Michael, 526
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, 529
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Kanerva, Pentti, 172
Kant, Immanuel, 335
Kantor, Frederick W., 518
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Kapor, Mitch, 295
Kardashev, N. S., 344, 590
n
Kasparov, Gary, 8, 275, 277–278, 292
Kass, D. A., 555
n
Kass, Leon, 470
Katz, Lawrence, 523
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, 539
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Kauffman, Stuart, 509
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Keklak, John, 580
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Keller, Helen, 341
Kelly, Jeffrey W., 550
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Kelly, T. Ross, 234, 560
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Kempermann, G., 177, 544
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Kempf, Karl, 513
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Kennedy, James, 589
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Kennedy, John F., 1, 401
Kennedy, Robert, 596
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Kentucky, University of, Institute for Molecular Manufacturing at, 240
Kephart, Thomas W., 356, 592
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Kevlar, 332
key events, of biological and technological evolution, 16–20,
17–20
, 36, 501
n
–503
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canonical milestones, 19,
20
, 502
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in “Countdown to Singularity” charts, 17–18,
17, 18
, 501
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increase-in-complexity criteria for, 36–40, 507
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paradigm shifts for fifteen lists of, 18,
19
, 501
n
–502
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punctuated equilibrium and, 44–45, 510
n
–511
n
Kharif, Olga, 586
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kidneys, 223, 305, 418
Kim, J. J., 545
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Kim, Seong-Gi, 540
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kinematic cellular automata, 235
kinematic machine replication, 228, 229, 558
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–559
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kinesthetic sensory management, 166
King, Neil, Jr., 598
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Klar, H., 575
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Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, 395
Klenow, Peter, 100, 525
n
Klibanov, A. M., 239, 562
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Klimov, V. I., 566
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Kling, Ross D., 581
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Knapp, Louise, 565
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“knee of the curve,” 9,
10
, 97, 154
Knight, Will, 528
n
, 530
n
, 534
n
, 589
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knowledge, 25, 341, 358, 375, 498
n
backing up of, 323
brain limits and, 9
commonsense, 177, 267, 292
creation of, 300
downloading of, 300, 337
economy and, 96, 97
exponential growth of, 9, 73, 105, 302, 396
human learning of, 26, 293–294
information technologies’ encompassing of, 8, 85
information vs., 372, 375, 386
innate (instinct), 293–294
Internet access to, 26, 32, 261, 286
limits on pursuit of, 391
loss of, 372, 386
medical, 282, 283, 396
number of expert “chunks” of, 126
as pattern, 323, 386
personality uploading and, 124
respect for, 424
technology’s sharing of, 20, 26, 145, 202–203, 260
Koch, Christof, 194, 450, 532
n
, 538
n
, 600
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Koehler, Kenneth R., 505
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Kokinov, Boicho, 569
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Konarka, 250
Korean War, 330,
331
Kortum, Samuel, 524
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Koumura, N., 560
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Krag, Tomas, 533
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Kramer, Peter D., 169, 541
n
Kramnik, Vladimir, 274–275, 277–278
Krauss, Lawrence, 590
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Krazit, Tom, 526
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Kristula, Dave, 516
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Kurzweil, Allen, 319, 587
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Kurzweil, Fredric, 1, 211
archive of, 326–327
as musician, 327, 339, 497
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Kurzweil, Hannah, 1, 2, 497
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Kurzweil, Ray (author), 504
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, 505
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, 544
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, 548
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, 550
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, 580
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, 582
n
, 592
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, 593
n
, 594
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, 595
n
, 599
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biochemical programming of, 211–212
biological age of, 211
childhood of, 1–3
Chinese Room of, 465–466
congressional testimony of, 422
as cybernetic totalist, 380–381, 435
daughter of, 315
health of, 211, 225
information collecting of, 326–328
as inventor, 1, 2–3, 370, 497
n
as materialist, 388, 394, 431, 473–474
as patternist, 5, 386, 388, 474
religious upbringing of, 1, 2
as Singularitarian, 368, 370–373
technology models of, 3
as technology optimist, 393, 395
virtual-reality persona experienced by, 314–315
as writer, 3, 370, 497
n
;
see also specific books
KurzweilAI.net, 279, 489–490, 497
n
, 580
n
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence (KAI), 570
n
, 599
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Kurzweil Computer Products, 97, 570
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Kurzweil Education Systems, 337, 589
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Kurzweil Technologies, 282
Kurzweil Voice, 599
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Kurzweil Voice Report, 570
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Kwong, K. K., 540
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labor productivity, 100, 101
La Cerra, P., 539
n
Lahn, Bruce T., 506
n
, 510
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Laino, Charlene, 581
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Lamina 1 neurons, 193, 314
laminar structures, 160
Lamm, Dick, 321
Lamoreaux, Steve K., 139–140, 537
n
Landauer, Rolf, 130, 534
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language, 26, 260, 276
AI applications for, 286–288
brain region for, 173, 175, 190
evolutionary algorithms and, 92
origin of, 190
Rosetta Disk and, 588
n
translation of, 288, 292, 313, 337
Turing test and, 272, 286, 288, 292, 295, 461, 464
written,
17, 18, 20
, 36, 44, 48, 286, 338, 536
n
see also
Chinese Room analogy; speech recognition
Lanier, Jaron, 380, 386, 456, 469
criticism from software and, 435, 436, 440–441
on lock-in, 457
Lanza, R. P., 557
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laptop computers, 133–136, 337, 349, 362
laser light, computing with, 113, 119–120
Lasota, Jean-Pierre, 503
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Lassiter, L. K., 554
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Latif, Sajid, 336
Lauhon, L. J., 561
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, 562
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Laurent, Gilles, 168
law, legal system, 374–375, 379, 416
law enforcement organizations, 413, 421
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 235
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 307, 533
n
, 585
n
LDL cholesterol, 554
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learning, 120, 143, 152, 202, 260, 293–294, 317
AI and, 294
basis functions and, 179
computer, 146
GNR impact on, 335–337, 589
n
of handwriting movements, 181
neural, Hebb’s theories of, 156–157, 170–171
neural, Svoboda’s research on, 171–172
online, 300
to read, 175, 337, 589
n
by robot scientists, 283
synaptic plasticity and, 169, 541
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of visual-spatial relationships, 175
“Leary, Timothy,” 31, 318, 368
LeDoux, Joseph, 169, 541
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Lee, Hyojune, 563
n
, 564
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Lee, San-Hee, 218–219
Leibniz, G. W., 167, 376, 458
Lenat, Doug, 267
Lenslet, 120
Lerner, Josh, 524
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leukemia, 215
Lewis, J. D., 554
n
Li, Chao, 529
n
Liao, Shiping, 235, 560
n
Liao, Yihau, 575
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liberty, 421–422, 424
Libet, Benjamin, 191
libido, 318
libraries, 279, 393, 594
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Lie, Dieter C., 544
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Lieber, Charles M., 528
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Lien, Hsing-Lung, 567
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life, 86, 377, 501
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evolution of,
17, 18, 20
, 47, 207–210
fragility of, 408
length of, 9, 13, 98, 141, 205, 210–215, 218–221, 241, 259, 302, 323–324, 338, 371, 372, 383, 408, 415
meaning of, 7, 311, 372, 470, 485
origins of,
15
, 16,
17
purpose of, 370, 372
Life
(game), 520
n
light:
black hole and, 23, 486, 503
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computing with, 113, 119–120
foglets’ control of, 310
nanotechnology-based, 245, 252
light, speed of, 26, 41, 119, 133, 351–357, 520
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superseding of limit of, 21, 29, 139–140, 300, 353–356, 366, 503
n
, 511
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wormholes and, 354–356
Lindquist, Susan, 117, 176
linear growth:
of evolution, 18, 18, 501
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exponential growth vs., 8, 10–14, 10, 97–98, 108, 109, 137
Lineweaver, Charles H., 592
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Linux, 533
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Lipitor, 217
liposomes, 216
Lisberger, S. G., 545
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literature, 375, 498
n
see also
poetry
liver, 307
liver cells, 223, 557
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liver disease, 418
liver metastases, 552
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Llinas, Rodolfo, 189, 544
n
, 545
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Lloyd, Seth, 133–134, 342, 435, 451, 535
n
, 590
n
, 593
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on universe-scale computer, 364–365, 592
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Loan Arranger, 284
local optimization, 309
lock-in, criticism from, 429–430, 457–458
Loebner Prize contest, 294
logic, 119, 309, 481
limits to, 453–454