The Transformation of the World (259 page)

Franklin, Benjamin,
230
,
539
,
542

Franklin, Sir John,
79

Frantz, Constantin,
590

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria,
63

Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria,
266
,
268
,
298
,
426
,
434
,
546
,
586

freedom

censorship or repression of ideas,
117

democracy and,
353
–
54
,
602
–
3

“free labor” principle,
159
,
416
,
697
–
98
,
700
,
706
–
9
,
725
,
853

frontiers and,
326
,
353
–
54
,
368
–
69
,
372

peasants and,
684
,
704
–
6
,
916

of the press,
29
–
32
,
35
–
38
,
594
,
603
,
878
,
913

of religious,
878

revolution and pursuit of,
88
,
136
–
39
,
465
,
533
,
535
,
546
,
595
,
599
,
630
–
31

social status and restrictions on,
623
–
24

See also
emancipation

free-market principles,
174
,
207
,
219
,
261
–
62
,
772
–
73
,
831
,
854
–
55

Freemasonry,
874
,
897

Freetown,
269

Frege, Gottlob,
65

French Empire,
82
,
119
,
436
–
41
,
438
,
441
,
446
,
465
,
782
,
851
,
889
,
909

abolition of slavery in,
531
,
543
,
843
–
44

in Caribbean,
132
,
138
,
829
–
30
(
See also
Haiti
)

civilizing mission and,
437
,
441
,
829
–
31
,
835

in Indochina,
6
,
57
–
58
,
182
,
285
,
401
,
437
–
38
,
440
,
480
,
796
,
887
,
909

Napoleonic,
54
,
400
,
436
–
37
,
490
,
619
,
822

in North Africa,
400
,
401
,
402
(
See also
Algeria
;
Egypt
;
Morocco
)

French language,
782

French Revolution,
11
,
18
,
31
–
32
,
53
,
61
,
75
,
514
–
15
,
526
–
28
,
542
,
704
,
905

as anti-religious and anti-church,
877

democracy and,
593

military mobilization and,
394
,
407
,
489
,
532

as model,
515
,
522
–
23
,
525
,
531
,
532
–
33
,
547
,
560

political exiles and,
136
,
138
–
39

quality of life and,
176

social impacts of,
176
,
232

Frere, Bartle,
488

Freyre, Gilberto,
234
–
35

Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia,
39
,
526

Fromentin, Eugène,
812

frontiers,
908

borderlands and,
111
,
112
,
358
–
59

Brazilian
sertão,
349
–
50

ecological aspects of,
328
–
31
,
361
–
62
,
374
,
375
–
86
,
390
–
91

empires and,
327
–
29

Eurasia,
356
–
68

exile by banishment to,
134
–
35

freedom as emergent on,
354

gender and,
324
,
338

hybridity and,
323
–
24
,
338
,
464

indigenous peoples and,
332
,
337
,
390
–
91
(
See also
nomadic peoples
under this heading
)

land acquisition in,
322
–
23
,
330
–
31
,
339
,
350
–
51

Lattimore's theory of,
329
,
356
,
375

migration to,
322
–
23
,
330
,
331
,
337
–
39

as militarized zones,
113

mining,
347

natural resources and,
322
–
23
,
331
,
375
–
90

nomadic peoples and conflict on,
329
–
37
,
344
,
363
,
372

North American,
331
–
46

as peripheries in relation to city cores,
322

race relations and diversity on,
338
–
39
,
354
,
369

sea as,
386
–
89

settler colonialism and,
368
–
75

Solovyev's conception of,
366
–
67

South American,
347
–
50

as space,
326

“third parties” on,
324

trade and wealth generation,
908

transfrontier process,
330

Turner's frontier thesis,
324
–
26
,
344
,
353
–
56

Fuad Pasha,
627

Fukuzawa Yukichi,
11
,
84
,
903

Furet, François,
532

fur trade,
325
,
336
,
345
,
364
,
385
,
538
,
728

Futabatei Shimei,
21

Fu Yunlong,
22

Fuzhou,
280

Galapagos Islands,
21

Galicia,
96
,
143
–
44

Ganan, Alberto Blest,
20

Ganda,
445

Gandhi, Mohandas K.,
160
,
236
,
465
,
509
,
814
,
837

Garibaldi, Giuseppe,
137
,
157
,
411

Garrison, William Lloyd,
845

Gasprinskii, Ismail,
899

gauchos,
229
,
348
,
354
–
55

Gauguin, Paul,
14

gender, frontiers and,
324
–
25

Geneva,
268
,
393

Geneva Convention,
505
–
6

Genoa,
97
,
282
,
283
,
298

genocide,
125
–
27
,
133
–
34
,
362
,
459
,
833
–
34
,
856
–
57
,
870

geography

Chinese,
91
–
94

colonial geography,
80
,
821

“cultural arenas”
Kulturkreis
theories of,
85
–
86

as discipline,
23
–
24
,
821

“discovery” and,
99
,
822

European spatial perceptions and,
91
–
92

imperial pioneers and,
80

as imperial science,
820
–
22

metageography,
78
–
86

and naming of spaces,
78
–
79

Napoleon and,
820
–
21

physical
vs.
cultural,
821

political,
85
–
86

Reclus and relational,
85
–
86

Ritter and,
85
,
820

George III, King of Britain,
333

George V, King of Britain,
238
,
501

Gerhard, Dietrich,
56

Géricault, Theodore,
388

German language,
782

Germany,
101
–
2
,
110

anti-Semitism in,
866
–
68
,
872

education and literacy in,
798

emigration from,
129

encycopedias and dictionaries in,
15
,
16

ethnic cleansing and,
141

industrialization in,
647

life expectancy in,
171
–
72

as modern nation-state,
910

nationalism and museums in,
13
–
14

per Capita GDP in,
169

population of,
122
–
24

poverty in,
171
–
72

public health in,
176

suffrage in,
603

urbanization of,
255

Wars of German Unification,
125

Gerschenkron, Alexander,
614
,
641
–
42
,
667

Gervinus, Georg Gottfried,
816

Ghana (Gold Coast),
150
,
169
,
442

Ghent,
15

ghettos,
201
,
857
,
866
,
869
–
71

Gia Long, Emperor of Vietnam,
238
,
412

Gibbon, Edward,
357
,
516
,
815

Girault de Prangey, Joseph-Philibert,
40

Gladstone, William E.,
141
,
266
,
880

Glascow,
259
,
280

globalization, economic

capital exports and,
736
–
41

crash of 1929 and,
54

customs barriers and,
727
–
28

debt and,
741
–
43

expansion of world trade,
726
–
27
,
728
,
729

exports from periphery and,
727
(
See also
raw materials
)

financial standardization and,
730
–
36

growth of efficiency and,
907
–
9

industrial development and,
658
–
67

mass transportation and,
728
–
29

mercantilism and,
724
–
26

See also
finance markets
;
networks
;
trade, international

Gluck, Christoph Willibald,
5

Gobineau, Arthur de,
859
,
860

Goblot, Edmond,
764

Godechot, Jacques,
523

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von,
12
,
62
,
389
,
542
,
718
,
780
,
882

gold

rushes,
118
,
161
,
163
,
267
,
331
–
32

as standard for currency,
733
–
36

Goldstone, Jack A.,
67
,
392

Goncourt, Edmond de,
903

Goncourt, Jules de,
903

Gordon, Charles,
447

Gordon Riots,
524
–
25

Gorki, Maxim,
19

Grant, Charles,
830

Great Britain

capital exports by,
740
–
41

censuses in,
26
–
27

citizenship in,
55
,
135
–
36
,
600
,
869

colonization and control of Africa,
63

as constitutional monarchy,
53

currency in,
733

encyclopedias in,
15

Europe as conceptualized by,
88

exploration by,
79

France and,
70
–
71
,
101
–
2
,
437

Gordon Riots as near-revolution in,
524
–
25

industrialization of,
61
–
62
,
72
,
96
,
642
–
48

as maritime power,
79

monarchy in,
917

per Capita GDP in,
169