A Peace to End all Peace (80 page)

2
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Memorandum of 7 February 1917 meeting.

3
Ibid.

4
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Notes of 8 February 1918 meeting.

5
Ronald Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine
(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1983), p. 466.

6
Roger Adelson,
Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1975), p. 225.

7
Christopher M. Andrew and A. S. Kanya-Forstner,
The Climax of French Imperial Expansion: 1914–1924
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981), p. 124.

8
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 225.

9
Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem
, p. 493.

10
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Sledmere Papers. Notes of conference held at 10 Downing St, 3 April 1917.

11
Ibid.

12
Ibid.

13
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 227.

14
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DS 149.

15
Ibid. DS 149 (DR 588.25).

16
Kingston upon Hull. University of Hull. Brynmor Jones Library. Mark Sykes Papers, DDSY(2). 12–7.

17
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DS 149; Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 229.

18
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 231.

19
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DR 588.25.

20
Ibid. DR 588.25 (DS 42.1).

21
Adelson,
Sykes
, p. 229.

22
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Sledmere Papers. 14 August 1917.

23
The Leo Amery Diaries
, Vol. 1:
1896–1929
, ed. by John Barnes and David Nicholson (London: Hutchinson, 1980), p. 170.

24
Kenneth Rose,
The Later Cecils
(New York and London: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 153.

25
Philip Guedalla,
Men of Affairs
(London: Hodder & Stoughton, n. d.), p. 193.

26
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DR 588.25.

27
Andrew and Kanya-Forstner,
French Imperial Expansion
, p. 129.

28
Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem
, p. 534.

29
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill: Companion Volume
, Vol. 4, Part 1:
January 1917–June 1919
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), p. 107.

30
David Lloyd George,
Memoirs of the Peace Conference
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1939), Vol. 2, p. 733.

31
There were 130,000 purchasers of the shekel that signified adherence, according to Leonard Stein,
The Balfour Declaration
(London: Valentine Mitchell, 1961), p. 66. The world Jewish population was estimated to be 11,500,000 by the American Jewish Year-Book for 1909–10.
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th edn., s.v. “Jews.”

32
Isiah Friedman,
The Question of Palestine, 1914–1918, British-Jewish-Arab Relations
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1973), p. 178.

33
Walter Laqueur,
A History of Zionism
(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1972), p. 184.

34
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Sir R. Graham letter to General Wingate, 21 September 1917.

35
Amery Diaries
, p. 170.

36
Stein,
Balfour Declaration
, p. 529; Laqueur,
Zionism
, p. 181.

37
Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann
(New York: Harper, 1949), p. 179.

38
London. House of Lords Record Office. Beaverbrook Collection. Lloyd George Papers. F—3—2—34.

39
Ibid.

40
Weizmann,
Trial and Error
, p. 208.

41
Lloyd George,
Peace Conference
, Vol. 2, p. 669.

42
Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 737.

43
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Balfour Declaration.

44
Ibid.

45
Lloyd George,
Peace Conference
, Vol. 2, p. 723.

46
Ibid., p. 737.

47
Ezekiel Rabinowitz,
Justice Louis D. Brandeis: The Zionist Chapter of His Life
(New York: Philosophical Library, 1968), p. 6.

48
Michael E. Parrish,
Felix Frankfurter and His Times—The Reform Years
(New York: Free Press, and London: Collier Macmillan, 1982), p. 135.

49
Leonard Baker,
Brandeis and Frankfurter: A Dual Biography
(New York: Harper & Row, 1984), p. 74.

50
Ibid.

51
Rabinowitz,
Brandeis
, p. 4.

52
Alpheus Thomas Mason,
Brandeis: A Free Man’s Life
(New York: Viking Press, 1946), p. 446.

53
Letters of Louis D. Brandeis
, Vol. 4:
(1916–1921): Mr. Justice Brandeis
, ed. by Melvin I. Urofsky and David W. Levy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975), p. 355.

54
Amery Diaries
, p. 189.

55
Selections from the Smuts Papers
, Vol. 3:
June 1910–November 1918
, ed. by W. K. Hancock and Jean Van Der Poel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966), p. 503.

CHAPTER 35

1
Briton Cooper Busch,
Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914–1921
(Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1971), p. 121.

2
Ibid., pp. 139–40.

3
Desmond Stewart,
T. E. Lawrence
(New York and London: Harper & Row, 1977), pp. 166–8.

4
Kew. Public Record Office. Arab Bureau Papers. Foreign Office 882. Vol. 18. Document TU/17/3.

5
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Allenby Papers. DS 244.4.

6
War Memoirs of David Lloyd George
, Vol. 6:
1918
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1937), p. 203.

7
General Ed. Brémond,
Le Hedjaz dans la guerre mondiale
(Paris: Payot, 1931), p. 9.

8
David Holden and Richard Johns,
The House of Saud: The Rise and Fall of the Most Powerful Dynasty in the Arab World
(New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1981), p. 53.

9
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. William Yale Papers. DS 149, DS 244.4, DS 126.1.

10
War Memoirs of David Lloyd George
, Vol. 4:
1917
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1934), p. 98.

11
Ibid., p. 573.

CHAPTER 36

1
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DR 588.25.

2
Ibid. (DR 588.25) DS 42.1.

3
Ibid. Sir Gilbert F. Clayton Letter 3—8—16. DT 107.2 CG (DS 42.1).

4
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Clayton to Deedes, 6 September 1917.

5
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes papers. (DR 588.25) DS 42.1.

6
Ibid. (DR 588.25) DS 149.

7
Ibid. (DR 588.25) DT 82.97.

8
Kew. Public Record Office. War Cabinet, Middle East Committee. CAB 27/23, p. 154.

9
Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann
(New York: Harper 1949), p. 181.

10
Roger Adelson,
Mark Sykes: Portrait of an Amateur
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1975), p. 264.

11
Kingston upon Hull. University of Hull. Brynmor Jones Library. Mark Sykes Papers. 11–61.

12
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Clayton to Sykes, 15 December 1917.

13
Ibid. Sykes to Clayton, 14 November 1917.

14
Ibid. Sykes to Clayton, 1 December 1917.

15
Ibid. Sykes to Picot, 12 December 1917.

16
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DS 42.1. DR 588.25.

17
Ibid. (DS 149) DS 161.

18
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Clayton to Sykes, 15 December 1917.

19
Ibid. Wingate to Allenby, 16 December 1917.

20
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. William Yale Papers. DS 125.52, DS 126.1, DS 151.92.

21
Kew. Public Record Office. Arab Bureau Papers. Foreign Office 882. Vol. 17. Document 19A, pp. 4–5.

22
Ibid. Vol. 24. Document 36757.

23
Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Archives. Deedes to Foreign Office, 19 November 1917.

24
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. (DS 125) DS 125.3.01.

25
Ibid. DS 125.

26
Durham. University of Durham. Sudan Archive. Clayton Key Papers. G//S 513. File 1.

27
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. (DS 125) DS 149.

28
Kingston upon Hull. University of Hull. Brynmor Jones Library. Mark Sykes Papers. 11–101.

29
Kew. Public Record Office. War Cabinet, Middle East Committee. CAB 27/23, p. 132.

30
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Feisal Papers. B–31.

31
The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann
, Vol. 8, Series A:
November 1917–October 1918
, ed. by Dvorah Barzilay and Barnet Litvinoff (Jerusalem: Israel University Press, 1977), p. 210.

32
Reprinted in
Palestine Papers 1917–1922 Seeds of Conflict
, compiled and annotated by Doreen Ingrams (London: John Murray, 1972), p. 33.

33
Ibid., p. 37; Kew. Public Record Office. Arab Bureau Papers. Foreign Office 882. Vol. 24. Document 105824.

34
Kew. Public Record Office. Arab Bureau Papers. Foreign Office 882. Vol. 24. Document 92392; Ingrams,
Palestine Papers
, pp. 24–6.

35
The Leo Amery Diaries
, Vol. 1:
1896–1929
, ed. by John Barnes and David Nicholson (London: Hutchinson, 1980), p. 206.

36
Briton Cooper Busch,
Britain, India, and the Arabs, 1914–1921
(Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1971), p. 156; H. V. F. Winstone,
Gertrude Bell
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1978), p. 202.

37
Oxford. St Antony’s College. Middle East Centre. Mark Sykes Papers. DR 588.25.

38
Ibid. DR 588.

39
Ibid. (DR 588.25) DS 149.

40
Kew. Public Record Office. War Cabinet, Middle East Committee. CAB 27/23, pp. 127–8.

41
Kew. Public Record Office. Arab Bureau Papers. Foreign Office 882. Vol. 18. (TU/15/5 (6).

42
Ibid. Vol. 20. M1/19/3.

43
Ibid. Vol. 20. HM/19/1.

44
Ibid. Vol. 17. Document 26.

45
Colonel R. Meinertzhagen,
Middle East Diary 1917–1956
(London: Cresset Press, 1959), p. 28.