Authors: Philip Dwyer
Citizen Emperor (132 page)
| 53 . | Jean-Nicolas-Auguste Noël, Souvenirs militaires d’un officier du premier Empire: 1795–1832 (Paris, 1895), p. 31. |
| 54 . | Masson, Napoléon et sa famille , ii. pp. 75–6. |
| 55 . | Lanzac de Laborie, Paris sous Napoléon , i. p. 242. |
| 56 . | AN AFIV 1449, letter from Pressac des Panche, sub-prefect of the arrondissement of Givray, 29 pluviôse an IX (18 February 1801), f. 42. |
| 57 . | AN AFIV 1449, letter from Salesse, curé of St Colombe, Castillon, 17 vendémiaire an X (9 October 1801), f. 530. |
| 58 . | AN AFIV 1449, letter from Pieter Pypers from Amsterdam, 22 October 1801, f. 589. |
| 59 . | Lucien Calvié, ‘“Le début du siècle nouveau”. Guerre, paix, révolution et Europe dans quelques textes allemands de 1795 à 1801’, in Marita Gilli (ed.), Le cheminement de l’idée européenne dans les idéologies de la paix et de la guerre (Besançon, 1991), pp. 130–1. |
| 60 . | For a selection of those texts see Belissa, Repenser l’ordre européen , pp. 162–9. |
| 61 . | Philippe Alexandre, ‘Le “Hallisches Wochenblatt”, un journal de la Franconie wurtembergeoise (1788–1803)’, in Pierre Grappin and Jean Moes (eds), Sçavantes délices: périodiques souabes au siècle des Lumières (Paris, 1989), pp. 193–217, here p. 208. |
| 62 . | Douglas Hilt, The Troubled Trinity: Godoy and the Spanish Monarchs (Tuscaloosa, 1987), pp. 112–28. |
| 63 . | Bonaparte undermined Lucien, negotiating in Madrid, by signing a peace treaty with the Portuguese ambassador in Paris (Schroeder, Transformation of European Politics , pp. 224–5). |
| 64 . | Philip Dwyer, ‘Prussia and the Armed Neutrality: The Decision to Invade Hanover in 1801’, International History Review , 15 (1993), 663. |
| 65 . | Corr. vii. n. 5352 (6 February 1801). |
| 66 . | McGrew, Paul I , p. 315; Schroeder, Transformation of European Politics , p. 218. On the French–Russian rapprochement in 1800 see Hugh Ragsdale, ‘The Origins of Bonaparte’s Russian Policy’, Slavic Review , 27 (1968), 85–90; Hugh Ragsdale, ‘Russia, Prussia, and Europe in the Policy of Paul I’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas , 31:1 (1983), 81–118; Hugh Ragsdale, ‘Was Paul Bonaparte’s Fool? The Evidence of Neglected Archives’, in Hugh Ragsdale, (ed.), Paul I: A Reassessment of his Life and Reign (Pittsburgh, Pa., 1979), pp. 76–90; and Hugh Ragsdale, Détente in the Napoleonic Era: Bonaparte and the Russians (Lawrence, Kan., 1980). |
| 67 . | Alexander DeConde, The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801 (New York, 1966), pp. 253–8, 316–20; E. Wilson Lyon, ‘The Franco-American Convention of 1800’, Journal of Modern History , 12 (1940), 305–33. |
| 68 . | See Charles John Fedorak, ‘Catholic Emancipation and the Resignation of William Pitt in 1801’, Albion , 24:1 (1992), 49–64; William Hague, William Pitt the Younger (London, 2004), pp. 462–84. |
| 69 . | On Addington see Philip Ziegler, Addington: A Life of Henry Addington, First Viscount Sidmouth (London, 1965); Christopher D. Hall, ‘Addington at War: Unspectacular But Not Unsuccessful’, Historical Research , 61 (1988), 306–15; Charles John Fedorak, Henry Addington, Prime Minister, 1801–1804: Peace, War, and Parliamentary Politics (Akron, Ohio, 2002). |
| 70 . | Marianne Elliott, Partners in Revolution: The United Irishmen and France (New Haven, 1982), pp. 282–321. |
| 71 . | Clive Emsley, British Society and the French Wars 1793–1815 (London, 1979), pp. 85–9, 94; John Stevenson, ‘Popular Radicalism and Popular Protest 1789–1815’, in H. T. Dickinson (ed.), Britain and the French Revolution, 1789–1815 (Basingstoke, 1989), pp. 76–7. |
| 72 . | B[ritish] L[ibrary], Add Mss 38316, Hawkesbury to Otto (21 March 1801); Charles Ronald Middleton, The Administration of British Foreign Policy, 1782–1846 (Durham, NC, 1977), pp. 104–5. Otto was a native of Baden. |
| 73 . | Fedorak, Henry Addington , p. 79. |
| 74 . | AN F7 3830, rapport du préfet de police, 12 vendémiare an X (4 October 1801); Aulard, Paris sous le Consulat , ii. pp. 555–6; Norvins, Souvenirs , ii. pp. 278–9. |
| 75 . | Fedorak, Henry Addington , p. 69. |
| 76 . | Cited in David Johnson, ‘Amiens 1802’, History Today , 52 (2002), 22. |
| 77 . | For the response of the British to the news see H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, Napoleon and the Invasion of England: The Story of the Great Terror (Stroud, 2007, reprint 1908), pp. 211–15. |
| 78 . | Grainger, The Amiens Truce , pp. 50–1. |
| 79 . | James Harris Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury , 4 vols (London, 1844), iv. pp. 61–2 (29 October 1801); Leonora Nattrass (ed.), William Cobbett: Selected Writings , 6 vols (London, 1998), ii. pp. 16–20, 21–30 (14 and 16 October 1801); Semmel, Napoleon and the British , pp. 26–7; Grainger, The Amiens Truce , p. 52. |
| 80 . | Fedorak, Henry Addington , p. 83. |
| 81 . | Charles Ross (ed.), Correspondence of Charles, first Marquis Cornwallis , 3 vols (London, 1859), iii. p. 395 (20 November 1801). |
| 82 . | Franklin Wickwire and Mary Wickwire, Cornwallis: The Imperial Years (Chapel Hill, 1980), pp. 252–61; Grainger, The Amiens Truce , p. 76. |
| 83 . | Ross (ed.), Correspondence of Cornwallis , iii. pp. 435–7 (10 January 1802). |
| 84 . | Albert Du Casse, Mémoires et correspondance politique et militaire du roi Joseph , 10 vols (Paris, 1853–4), i. p. 87. |
| 85 . | See Fedorak, Henry Addington , pp. 79–87; Grainger, The Amiens Truce , pp. 49–81. |
| 86 . | Charles John Fedorak, ‘The French Capitulation in Egypt and the Preliminary Anglo-French Treaty of Peace in October 1801: A Note’, International History Review , 15 (1993), 525–43. |
| 87 . | William, Lord Auckland, The Journal and Correspondence of William, Lord Auckland , 4 vols (London, 1861–2), iv. pp. 136–8, 143–52, 172–3; William Windham, The Windham Papers: The Life and Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. William Windham, 1750–1810 , 2 vols (London, 1913), ii. p. 173 (1 October 1801). See also Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence , iv. pp. 59, 60 (29 and 30 September 1801) and 65, 147, 156–7. On 1 October Malmesbury’s diary entry reads, ‘Lord Bathurst, Lord Pembroke, Lord Camden, and Lord Radnor, all disapprove of it. Lord Grenville and all his family are violent against it.’ For other reactions see Ziegler, Addington , pp. 125–7. |
| 88 . | Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence , iv. p. 61 (29 October 1801); Peter Jupp, Lord Grenville: 1759–1834 (Oxford, 1985), pp. 309–15. |
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