Read German Made Simple: Learn to Speak and Understand German Quickly and Easily Online
Authors: Ph.d. Arnold Leitner
Tags: #German Language
The Rhine is the most well-known river in Germany.
| 1. Before his trip to Germany Mr. Clark wants to find out about the geography of the German-speaking countries. He takes an encyclopedia and begins to read about Germany Austria and Switzerland: |
| Germany lies in Central Europe and borders on nine different neighboring countries. Berlin is the capital and also the biggest city of Germany. |
| There are also a lot of mountains in Germany. In the south are the Bavarian Alps; in the southwest the Black Forest; in central Germany the Harz Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. The highest mountain in Germany is the Zugspitze. It is 2962 meters or 9718 feet high. |
| The Rhine is the longest and probably most important German river. The largest |
| lake is Lake Constance which also makes part of Austria and Switzerland. Germany borders also on the North and Baltic Seas. Hamburg, at the mouth of the Elbe, is the largest and best German port. Bremerhaven, at the mouth of the Weser, is another big port on the North Sea. |
| Austria is smaller than Germany. The most important Austrian city is Vienna. Other well known cities are Graz, Salzburg and Innsbruck. Austria is very mountainous. The highest mountain is the Großglockner with a height of 3,797 meters (12,457 feet). The Danube is the longest Austrian river. As important as Lake Constance is Lake Neusiedel in the east of Austria. |
| The smallest of the German-speaking countries is Switzerland. The biggest city is Zurich, but Bern is the capital. Switzerland is the most mountainous country in Europe. The Alps in the south and the Jura in the north cover about 70 percent of Switzerland. Switzerland is famous for the many lakes. Lake Constance, Lake Geneva and Lake Maggiore—belonging also to Italy—are the most important Swiss lakes. |
| 2. Satisfied, Mr. Clark put down the encyclopedia. Now he knows all about the geography of the German-speaking countries. He thinks: “I hope that I’ll get the chance to visit many of the most important and most beautiful places in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.” |
Wortschatz
die Geographíe
(
gay-oh-gra-
fee
) geography
der Berg
pl
. -
e
mountain
der Fluss
pl
.
¨-e
river
das Gebírge
pl
. - mountain range;
gebirgig
mountainous
der Hafen
pl
.
¨-
harbor
die See
pl
. -
n
sea, ocean
der See
pl
. -
n
lake
der Norden
north;
der Süden
south
der Osten
east;
der Westen
west
vielmals
many times;
nie, niemals
never
Wichtige Redemittel
Bescheid wissen
to know all about
Erlauben Sie!
Permit me.
Erlauben Sie, dass ich einige Fragen an Sie
stelle!
Permit me to ask you a few questions.
meiner Meinung nach
according to (in) my opinion
deiner (Ihrer, eurer) Meinung nach
according to your opinion
uns(e)rer (ihrer) Meinung nach
according to our (her, their) opinion
In the sense of
according to
,
nach
usually follows the noun
1. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Die Elbe ist lang . Der Rhein ist länger als die | The Elbe is long . The Rhine is longer than the |
Elbe, aber nicht so lang wie die Volga. Die Volga ist der längste Fluss Europas. | Elbe, but not as long as the Volga. The Volga is the longest river of Europe. |
Unser Haus ist alt . Euer Haus ist älter als unser Haus. Sein Haus ist das älteste in dieser Strasse. | Our house is old . Your house is older than our house. His house is the oldest in this street. |
a. The comparative of adjectives is formed by adding
-er
to the positive
.
b. The superlative is formed by adding
-st
or
-est
to the positive
. -est
is added for ease in pronunciation when the adjective ends in
-t, -d, -s, -ss, -z, -ch
.
c. Most one-syllable adjectives add an
Umlaut
to
a, o, u
in the comparative and superlative. You have met the following
: kurz, lang, alt, jung, warm, kalt, schwarz
.
d. In comparisons
so … wie
=
as … as; als
=
than
.
Er ist so groß wie ich. He is as tall as I. | Er ist größer als ich. He is taller than I. |
2. SOME ADJECTIVES IRREGULAR IN COMPARISON
Die Zugspitze ist hoch . Der Mont Blanc ist | The Zugspitze is high . Mont Blanc is higher than |
höher als die Zugspitze. Der Mount Everest ist | the Zugspitze. Mount Everest is the highest |
der höchste Berg in der ganzen Welt. | mountain in the whole world. |
NOTE: hoch
drops the
c
whenever the ending begins with
-e (der hohe Berg
).
Exercise 150
Complete each sentence with the comparative of the adjective in parentheses.
Beispiel: 1. Der Rhein und die Elbe sind kürzer als die Wolga
.
1. Der Rhein und die Elbe sind (kurz) als die Wolga
.
2. Ist Köln (schön) als Nürnberg?
3. Der Winter ist (kalt) in Kanada als in den Vereinigten Staaten
.
4. Karl ist (alt) als Wilhelm
.
5. Ist Frankfurt (groß) als Hamburg?
6. Mein Bruder ist (jung) als ich
.
7. Was finden Sie (interessant), das Theater oder das Kino?
8. Im Sommer sind die Tage (lang) als im Winter
.
9. Er isst (viel) Fleisch als ich
.
10. Das Essen ist (gut) zu Hause als im Restaurant
.
3. CASE ENDINGS IN THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
a
. Das kleine Kind
ist mein Bruder
.
Das kleinere Kind
ist mein Bruder.
Das kleinste Kind
ist mein Bruder.
b
. Mein alter Freund
kommt heute
.
Mein älterer Freund
kommt heute.
Mein ältester Freund
kommt heute.
c. Ich trage
den schweren Koffer
.
Sie tragen
den schwereren Koffer
.
Er trägt
den schwersten Koffer
.
d. Er arbeitete in
dem großen Zimmer
.
Sie arbeitete in
dem größeren Zimmer
.
Wir arbeiteten in
dem größten Zimmer
.
The comparative and superlative of adjectives take the same case endings as the positive.
Exercise 151
In each sentence substitute the comparative of the adjective in place of the positive.