| 45. Ullmann, Law and Politics , p. 77.
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| 46. Vinogradoff, Roman Law in Medieval Europe , pp. 5657.
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| 47. Ullmann, Law and Politics , pp. 47, 4950.
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| 48. Ullmann, Law and Politics , p. 41.
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| 49. One of the continuing problems between the East and West was that these letters did not have binding force at Constantinople, which did not acknowledge the legal sovereignty of the papacy. See Ullmann, Law and Politics , p. 122.
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| 50. Ullmann, Individual and Society , p. 38.
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| 51. Gregory I, Moralia xxi. 15.22 ( Patrologia Latina lxxvi 203): Omnes namque homines natura aequales ... omnes homines natura aequales genuit, sed variante meritorum ordine, alios aliis dispensatio occulta postponit .
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| 52. Ullmann, Individual and Society , p. 14.
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| 53. Peter N. Riesenberg, Inalienability of Sovereignty in Medieval Political Thought (New York: Columbia University Press, 1956), p. 3.
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| 54. Riesenberg, Inalienability of Sovereignty , p. 47.
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| 55. Ullmann, Law and Politics , p. 78.
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| 56. Wenley, Stoicism and Its Influence , p. 139.
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