| 3. Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan, Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (New York: Random House, 1992).
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| 4. David Bakan, The Duality of Human Existence (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966), p. 15.
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| 5. Peachtree Morning (Atlanta, GA: WXIA television, 13 April 1999).
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| 6. R. Robin McDonald, "The Happenstance Heroes," Atlanta Journal-Constitution , 30 April 1999, p.C1.
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| 7. R. Robin McDonald, "Despite Heroic Rescue, Heartache," Atlanta Journal-Constitution , 2 May 1999, p.E9.
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| 8. Joseph A. Blake, "Death by Hand Grenade: Altruistic Suicide in Combat," Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , Vol. 8 (1978), pp.4659.
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| 9. These and other examples of helping behavior come from David Rosenhan, "The Natural Socialization of Altruistic Autonomy," in Altruism and Helping Behavior , eds. Jacqueline Macaulay and Leonard Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press, 1970), pp.251268.
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| 10. Perry London, "The Rescuers: Motivational Hypotheses about Christians Who Saved Jews from the Nazis," in Altruism and Helping Behavior , eds. Jaqueline R. Macaulay and Leonard Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press, 1970), pp.241250.
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| 11. Eva Fogelman and Valerie Lewis Wiener, "The Few, The Brave, The Noble," Psychology Today , August 1985, pp.6166.
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| 12. Carol Gilligan,. "Remapping the Moral Domain: New Images of Self in Relationship," in Mapping the Moral Domain: A Contribution of Women's Thinking to Psychological Theory and Education , eds. Carol Gilligan, Janie V. Ward, Jill M. Taylor, and Betty Bardige (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), pp.319.
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| 13. The letters of John Quincy Adams Dabbs are in the Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina.
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| 14. Daniel Goleman, "Brutal Sports and Brutal Fans," New York Times , 13 August 1985, p.19.
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