Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty (55 page)

violence of, 295
n
–96
n

West’s importations from, 76

Islamic Liberalism
(Binder), 80, 203

Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS), 18, 240

Islamic Socialism
(Sibai), 217

Islamism, Islamists, 18, 217, 244, 252, 267, 314
n

Abdülhamid II’s reforms and, 158–59

authoritarian regimes and, 190–91

decline of, 231

global caliphate goal of, 253–54

Islamist state sought by, 253–54

mindset of, 216–17

in Ottoman Empire, 158–59

as political ideology, 193, 198, 200

political Islam and, 256–57

reactionary ideology of, 190–91

and retreat from God, 200–202

totalitarianism of, 199, 201–2, 243, 257

triumphalism of, 259–60, 284–85

U.S. as perceived by, 195–97

world conquest aim of, 243, 284–85

Zealots as model for, 190–91, 192

Israel, 80, 160, 175, 195

Roman Empire and, 190–91

Istanbul University, 206

istihsan
(legal preference), 18, 89, 144

Italy, 173, 174, 184, 273

I·zmirli, I·smail Hakkı, 164

Jabriyyah school, 19

free will rejected by, 85–86

Jadidism, 19, 23, 172, 174

jahiliyah,
19, 48, 50

Jahmiya, 19, 97

Jamaat-e-Islami, 19, 200

Jawed, Nasim A., 175

Jerusalem, 74, 192

Jesus Christ, 21, 23, 46, 59, 60, 66, 92, 283

Jews, 17, 24, 72, 87, 108, 122, 236, 261, 285, 294
n

Abbasid dynasty and, 110–11

in Balkans-Ottoman conflict, 156

Dreyfus affair and, 171

and empowerment of individual, 51

European anti-Semitism and, 171, 316
n

Hadiths and, 105

Haggadah of, 17

Halakha of, 17, 257

Hellenized, 191

Islam and, 60–61, 66–67

Karaite, 19, 23, 92

of Medina, 56, 57–58

milhemet mitsva
doctrine of, 295
n

Orthodox, 257

in Ottoman Empire, 143–44

Pharisee sect of, 23, 191–92, 197

Jews (
continued
)

and punishment for blasphemy, 281

Rabbanite, 23, 92

in Roman Empire, 190–92

Second Temple of, 192

Sephardic, 143

in Spain, 113

wealth tax and, 226–27

Zealots of,
see
Zealots

jihad,
19, 65–66, 193–95, 295
n

bin Laden’s definition of, 194

Hadiths and doctrine of, 105

Kharijites and, 120

Western colonialism and, 174–75

Zealots as model for, 190–91, 192

John, Gospel of, 92

Jonathan (Jewish high priest), 192

Jordan, 80

Josephus, 192

Judgment Day, 50

justice, 88, 90–91

Mutazilites’ interpretation of, 90–91

in Qur’an, 52–53

in Shariah, 54, 68–69, 103–4

Justice and Development Party (AKP), Turkish,
see
AKP

Justice Party (JP), Turkish, 215, 217

just war, theory of, 72–73

Jyllands-Posten,
31, 280

Ka’ba (sanctuary), 19, 20, 141

pantheon of idols in, 43–44, 60

Kamali, Mohammad, 54–55, 281, 293
n

kanun
(secular laws), 19, 144

Kaplan, Hilal, 205

Kaplan, Robert, 218

Karabekir, Kazım, 182

Karabell, Zachary, 311
n

Karaites, 19, 23, 92

Karaman, Hayrettin, 236, 294
n
–95
n

Karatepe, S¸ükrü, 229

Karbala massacre of 686, 86

Karpat, Kemal, 153–54, 312
n

Kashmir, 194

Kayseri, Turkey, 228–30

Kazım Efendi, Musa, 139, 142–43

Keddie, Nikki R., 174, 193–94

Kemal, Mustafa,
see
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

Kemal, Namık, 154–55, 207

Kemalism, Kemalists, 19, 184, 187, 210, 220

AKP opposed by, 223–24

business elite and, 227

Muslim world and, 188

secularism of, 214

wealth tax and, 226–27

Kemalist Revolution, 19

caliphate abolished in, 180, 187, 252

and cult of Atatürk, 186

and cult of Turkishness, 185–86, 317
n

domination of, 206–7

European liberalism as model for, 180–81

excessive secularism of, 185–87

Gregorian calendar in, 180

Hat Reform in, 17, 178, 180

Kurds and, 186

reforms of, 185

Shah of Iran influenced by, 188–89

women and, 185

Kemalist Turkey
(
La Turquie Kemaliste
), 184

Khadija, 43, 44–45, 53

Khalid (Muslim commander), 67

Khamenei, Grand Ayatollah, 274–75

Kharijites (Dissenters), 19–20, 82, 120

Bedouin culture and, 120–21

communalism of, 121–22

contemporary militant Islam and, 122

as first terrorist movement, 120

jihad and, 120

religious pluralism rejected by, 84

rise of, 81–82

tribalism of, 121–22

Khilafat Movement, 20, 187

Khilji, Ala-ud-din, 69

Khomeini, Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah, 249–50

Rushdie
fatwa
of, 280

Khwarizmi, al-, 108

Kindi, al- (Alkindus), 95, 108

Kitab as-Siyasah al-Madaniyah
(
The Book of Civil Politics
) (al-Farabi), 94

Korean War, 210, 213

Kosovo, 195

kufr
(blasphemy), concept of, 20, 280

see also
blasphemy

Kuleli incident of 1859, 314
n

Küng, Hans, 50

Kuran, Timur, 298
n,
303
n

Kurdish language, 218

Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), 36

Kurds, 36, 185–86, 205, 210, 219, 223, 224

1925 revolt of, 209

laiklik
(secularism), 20, 184

Lambton, Ann K. S., 105

Lammens, Henri, 52

Landes, David, 132

land grant (
iqta
), 18, 126, 134, 153

Lane, Rose Wilder, 61–62

Lapidus, Ira M., 310
n