Restless Empire (78 page)
Authors: Odd Westad
military supplies from,
197–198
as model for China,
300–304
Northern Expedition and,
165
North Korea and,
349–350
North Vietnam and,
348
pact with Germany,
262–263
as power in Southeast Asia,
283
Tibet and,
342
urban planning theory,
311–312
,
313–314
US and China allied against,
369–370
,
374
,
377
Xinjiang and,
150
Special economic zone (SEZ),
377–379
Spencer, Herbert,
109
Der Spiegel
(magazine),
231
Spratly Islands,
422
Chinese Communist Party and,
164
,
199
,
254
,
255
,
272
,
287
,
303
,
304
Guomindang and,
160
,
197
,
258
,
284
Korean War and,
294
Mao and,
292–293
nationality policy and,
315
,
317
urban planning and,
312
Yalta Conference and,
280
,
281
,
282
Standard Oil,
184
State
Chinese conception of,
3
,
13–14
,
107–108
regulatory role in economy,
445–446
Stennes, Walter,
196
Stern, Manfred (Emilio Kléber),
199
Stilwell, Joseph,
267–268
Stravinsky, Igor,
203
Strong, Anna Louise,
199–200
Studd, C. T.,
190
Sun Mei,
240–241
Sun Yat-sen
Chinese revolution and,
139
,
140
,
141
,
142
as Christian,
190
Communists and,
159
final days and death of,
160–161
as foreign-trained student,
72
Germany and,
134
on Japan and China,
119
life abroad and,
240–241
martyrdom of,
161–162
Nanyang Chinese and,
218
republicanism and,
108
return to China,
154–156
Zhongshan suit and,
179
Sun Zi,
6
Suvorov, Alexander,
34
Taiping Tianguo,
47–48
Taisho era,
93
Taiwan
foreigners and,
172–173
Fujianese emigration to,
217
government control of economy in,
445–446
Japan and,
87
,
92–93
,
103
,
112–114
PRC and,
321
,
325
,
358–359
,
370
,
373
,
375
,
376
,
389–393
,
441
,
443–444
Russia and,
428
Taiwan aboriginals,
70
Taiwan Relations Act,
391
Taiwan Straits crisis,
337
Tajikistan,
430
Tan Cheng Lock (Chen Zhenlu),
221
Tang Shaoyi,
72
Tang Wensheng (Nancy Tang),
244
Tan Kah Kee (Chen Jiageng),
221
Taylor, Bayard,
224
Technological advancement, military and,
307–308
Technology transfers, from US to China,
372–373
,
395
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre,
190
Thailand,
418
Chinese emigration to,
27
,
213
,
217
,
219–220
reorganization of tribute trade,
80–81
Thatcher, Margaret,
381
Third Line,
358
Third World, China and,
320–321
,
325–326
,
333
,
334
,
341–343
,
346
,
350–353
US and,
369–370
Three Principles of the People,
155
Tian’anmen Square crackdown,
382–383
,
384
,
393–394
,
415
Tianjin Convention,
98–99
Tibet
China and,
146
,
148–149
,
342
,
396
,
400
,
429
,
451–452
,
463
civil war and,
291
Cultural Revolution and,
359
Qianlong and,
22
semi-autonomous status of,
253
Tibetans,
29
Tito, Josip Broz,
303
Tokutomi Soho,
109
Tolstoy, Leo,
201
Tong, Anote,
229
Tonghak,
99
Tongmenghui (League of Common Alliance),
108
,
109
Tongzhi Restoration,
54
,
89
,
90–91
Asia and Western,
55
attacks against China to force concessions in,
50–51
,
56–57
between China and Central Asia,
431–432
between China and India,
434
,
435
between China and Japan,
88
,
414–415
between China and US,
369
concessions and,
60–63
intra-Asian,
459
in Qing China,
35–41
with Russia,
429
Translations,
201–202
Transnationalism,
220–221
Treaty of Friendship, between China and Soviet Union,
293
Treaty of Ganghwa,
97
Treaty of Nanjing,
43–44
Treaty of St. Petersburg,
84
Triads,
215
Tributary states,
10
,
20–21
,
35–36
reorientation to West,
79–81
Tropics, Chinese emigrants to,
226
Trotsky, Lev,
160
True Jesus Church,
192
Turgenev, Ivan,
201
Turkmenistan,
431–432
Twenty-One Demands,
115–116
,
193
Uigurs,
451
U Nu,
321
United States
as ally with China,
264–265
,
266–269
,
373–377
China’s strategic rivalry with US in Asia,
412
,
413
Chinese economic reform and,
378–379
Chinese embassy bombing and American spy plane incidents,
396–398
Chinese immigrants in,
27
,
223–226
Chinese relations with,
365–367
Chinese students in,
72
,
237
,
239
Chinese travelers to,
77–78
condemnation of Japanese war with China,
257–258
contemporary Chinese view of,
395
,
399–400
,
403–404
,
457
,
463–464
future treatment of China,
462–464
Indonesia and,
424–425
military advisers from,
197
as model for technological needs,
372–373
policy toward China,
325
political reform in China and,
381
reaction to Communist China,
324
sanctions imposed on China,
382
,
394
Southeast Asia and,
283
Taiwan and,
389–392
Tian’anmen Square crackdown and,
393–394
foreign influence on,
205
reform of,
387
University of Nottingham, in Ningbo,
455
Urbanization in China,
63–65
,
145
,
270
Urban life, 20th-century,
179
Urban planning,
311–315
Urban radical groups, CCP and,
158
Vajpayee, Atal Bihari,
434
Vakhreva, Faina (Jiang Fangliang),
209
Vattel, Emerich,
81
Vietnam
ASEAN and,
420
CCP and,
319–320
Chinese-Vietnamese in,
219
France and,
57–58
relations with China,
407–409
as tributary state,
21
Violence of Maoist years,
15
Vollmer, August,
197
von Falkenhausen, Alexander,
135
,
196
,
199
Vo Nguyen Giap,
320
von Ketteler, Clemens,
128
Waiwubu,
136
Walsh, James E.,
326
Wang Dan,
242
Wang Ganchang,
244
Wang Guangmei,
356
Wang Hairong,
244
Wang Jiaxiang,
340
Wang Jingwei,
159
,
161
,
163
,
274–277
,
283
,
440
Wang Jisi,
458
Wang Tao,
76–77
War, China and,
15
,
19
.
See also individual wars
Ward, Frederick Townsend,
48
Wartime mistreatment, Japan and China and,
417–418
Washington Naval Conference,
132
