Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (119 page)

150. "Ruble's" informational telegrams; "Vadim was informed," 27 April 1945;
Moscow Center to "Vadim," 29 May 1945, KGB file 43072, v.1, pp. 84, 86, 134-54,
Vassiliev, White #3, 57-58, 61-65. "To S, M, B-memorandum," 17 June 1945; "To
S, M, B," 29 June 1945, KGB file 49701, v.1, pp. 54-67, Vassiliev, Yellow #4, 123.
Moscow Center to "Vadim," 23 November 1945, KGB file 70545, P. 405, Vassiliev,
White #2, 30.

151. Ladd to Director, 1 May 1947, serial 2380; FBI Washington Field Office to
Director, Re: Harold Glasser, 13 May 1947, serial 2429, FBI Silvermaster file 6556402.

152. Testimony of Harold Glasser, 14 April 1953, U.S. Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee, Interlocking Subversion, part z, 53-100; Testimony of Harold Glasser,
zo October 1953, U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Hearings, Transfer of Occupation Currency Plates-Espionage Phase, Part 1 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1953), 17.

153. Testimony of Charles Kramer, 6 May 1953, U.S. Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee, Interlocking Subversion, part 6, 327-81; Patterson had been discreetly allied to the CPUSA since the late 1930s. Klehr, Heyday, 271-72, 403.

154. Nathaniel \Veyl, Encounters with Coniniunisnn (Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2004),
31; "Raid" report on "Mole," 23 February 1945, KGB file 55302, v.1, p. 24, Vassiliev,
White #3, 86; Hope Hale Davis, Great Day Conning: A Memoir of the 1930s (South
Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 1994), 68-74.

155. Berle, "Underground Espionage Agent"; Bentley, Deposition 1945, 51-52,
54-56, 105; Hoover to George Allen, 31 May 1946, serial 116o; Ladd to Director, 5
September 1947, serial 2787, FBI Silvermaster file 65-56402; Testimony of Charles
Kramer, 12 August 1948, U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities, Hearings Regarding Communist Espionage, 818-35. Venona 588 KGB New York to
Moscow, 29 April 1944; Venona 687 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 May 1944;
Venona 1015 KGB New York to Moscow, 22 July 1944; Venona 1163 KGB New
York to Moscow, 1,5 August 1944; Venona 3612 KGB Washington to Moscow, 22
June 1945; Venona 3640 KGB Washington to Moscow, 23 June 1945; Venona 3655
KGB Washington to Moscow, 2,5 June 1945; Venona 3706 KGB Washington to
Moscow, 29 June 1945; Venona 3709 KGB Washington to Moscow, 29 June 1945;
Venona 371o KGB Washington to Moscow, 29 June 1945.

156. "Mer" memo, 29 April 1944; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 13 May
1944, KGB file 70545, pp. 83-84, Vassiliev, White #2, 4. Bentley, Deposition 1945,
51; Moscow Center to KGB New York, i June 1944; "Mole" autobiography, received
25 March 1945, KGB file 55302, v.1, pp. 14, 35-46, Vassiliev, White #3, 86, 88-go.

157. KGB Washington to Moscow Center, 1o April 1945; "Raid" report on meeting with "Mole," 14 April 1945; Moscow Center to KGB Washington, 14 April 1945;
Moscow Center to KGB Washington, 8 May 1945, KGB file 55302, V.1, PP. 49-53'
Vassiliev, White #3, 90-91.

158. "X" report on meeting with "Mole," 13 May 1945, KGB file 55302, v.1,
pp. 55-6o, Vassiliev, White #3, 91-93.

159. Fitin to Vyshinsky, "Background on the new U.S. secretary of state, Byrnes,"
25 August 1-945, KGB file 40935, v.1, pp. 158-65; "To S, M, B-memo from "Mole"
on the activities of a group of liberal Democratic senators," 16 August 1945; "To S,
M, B Memo re the domestic polit. situation in the U.S., prepared by `Mole,"' 13 September 1945; "To S, M, B The domestic political situation in the U.S. from `Mole,"'
21 September 1945, KGB file 49701, v.1, pp. 133-42, 228, 248, Vassiliev, Yellow #4,
40, 126-27, 130. "Bogdan" report on meeting with Kramer, 6 July 1945; " Vadim reported," 5 July 1945; Moscow Center to KGB Washington, 27 October 1945, KGB
file 55302, v.1, pp. 74-75, 82, 84-85, 88, Vassiliev, White #3, 96, 98. Moscow Center to "Vadim," 23 November 1945, KGB file 70545, p. 405, Vassiliev, White #2, 30.

16o. "Record of conversations between the 1st Secretary of the Soviet Embassy
in Washington, M. S. Vavilov, and Kramer on i and 5 July 1947," KGB file 55302,
v.1, pp. 103-14, Vassiliev, White #3, 99-101•

161. Moscow Center to "Grigory," 16 July 1947, KGB file 55302, v.1, p. 98, Vassiliev, White #3, 99. "Pepper Lauds Kramer's Work," New York Times, 13 August
1948. As Pepper feared, his reputation as pro-Soviet became an electoral liability. In
1950 he lost the Democratic primary for renomination to the Senate to George
Smothers, a Cold War Democrat.

162. Note by "X," 11 January 1945; Report, 21 August 1g5o, KGB file 40623, v.1,
pp. 22, 45, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 66-67; Bentley, Deposition 1945, 51, 54, 56; Klehr,
Haynes, and Firsov, Secret World, 312-15; Magdoff appeared in the Venona decryptions under his over names "Kant" and "Tan," but FBI/NSA analysts were only able to
identify "Kant" as Magdoff. Appendix A, Haynes and Klebr, Verona (2000).

163. "Report by "Ted," 17 February 1945; "List of materials from `Ted,'" KGB
file 40624, v.1, pp. 31, 36, 37, 50, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 63, 65.

164. Report, 21 August 1950, KGB file 40624, v.1, P-51, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 64.
Bentley, Deposition 1945-51,53-54, 56, 8o; Appendix A, Haynes and Klehr, Verona
(2000); Klehr, Haynes, and Firsov, Secret World, 312-15. Testimony of Edward J.
Fitzgerald, I May 1953, U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Interlocking
Subversion, part 5, 241-86. U.S. v. Fitzgerald 235 F.2d 453 (2d cir.) cert. denied 352
U.S. 842 (1956).

165. On the "Brown scare" of the 1930s, see Leo Ribuffo, The Old Christian
Right: The Protestant Far Right fi-oni the Great Depression to the Cold War
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983), and chapter z of John Earl Ha}nnes,
Red Scare or Red Menace?: American Communism and Anticonmmnism in the Cold
War Era (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996).

166. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 20 July 1937, KGB file 15428, pp. 5465, Vassiliev, White #2, 82-85.

167. KGB New York to Moscow Center, with Slutsky annotation, 14 December
1937; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 25 May 1938, KGB file 15428, pp. 1-2, 913, Vassiliev, White #2, 83-85.

168. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 25 May 1938; "Gennady" to Moscow
Center, 5 November 1939; Memo on "Crook," 13 August 1939, KGB file 15428,
pp. 13-14, 122-26, 147, Vassiliev, White #2, 86, 97-99.

169. "Judith Coplon: The Spy Who Got Away with It," in Haynes and Klehr, Early Cold War Spies, and Marcia Mitchell and Thomas Mitchell, The Spy Who Seduced America: Lies and Betrayal in the Heat of the Cold War: The Judith Coplon
Story (Montpelier, VT: Invisible Cities Press, zooz).

170. A number of deciphered KGB cables deal with Coplon and her recruitment. Venona 1014 KGB New York to Moscow, 20 July 1944; Verona io5o KGB
New York to Moscow, 26 July 1944; Venona 1385 KGB New York to Moscow, i October 1944; Venona 1587 KGB New York to Moscow, 12 November 1944; Venona
1637 KGB New York to Moscow, to Victor, 21 November 1944; Venona 1714 KGB
New York to Moscow, 5 December 1944; Venona 1845 KGB New York to Moscow,
31 December 1944; Venona 27 KGB New York to Moscow, 8 January 1945; Venona
55 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 January 1945; Venona 76 KGB New York to
Moscow, 17 January 1945; Venona 992 KGB New York to Moscow, 26 June 1945;
Venona 1053 KGB New York to Moscow, 5 July 1945; Venona 268 KGB Moscow to
New York, 24 March 1945; Venona 284 and 286, KGB Moscow to New York, 28
March 1945.

171. "Bergey met with Sima," 4 January 1945; KGB New York to Moscow Center, 27 July 1945, KGB file 35112, v.9, pp. 5, 62-63, Vassiliev, White #1, 77-79.

172. KGB New York to Moscow Center, i March 1945; KGB New York to
Moscow Center, 17 October 1945, KGB file 35112, v.9, pp. 13, 131, 138, Vassiliev,
White #1, 66, 78-79. Memo on "Sound," KGB file 70994, PP. 37-38, Vassiliev, White
#1, 154. "Letter from `Sergey,"' 9 October 1945, KGB file 55298, p. 291; KGB New
York to Moscow Center, 27 December 1948, KGB file 45100, v.1, p. 16o, Vassiliev,
White #3, 33, 84. "Source-Sima," 26 October 1945, KGB file 82702, v.1, p. 320,
Vassiliev, Yellow #1, 24.

1. Henry Lewis Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace
and War (New York: Harper, 1948), 188. In 1940 Stimson became secretary of war.
By that point he recognized that the world had changed and supported the Army's
increasingly effective code-breaking operations.

2. Robert Hayden Alcorn, No Bugles for Spies: Tales of the OSS (New York: D.
McKay, 1962), 134; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press [Nota Bene], 2000), 194.

3. When the KGB found out about the arrangement, via the Comintern, it ordered the CPUSA to shut do,, n7 the effort, mistakenly fearing that Donovan might attempt to use the arrangement to develop sources in the Commtmist tmdergrotmd. Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov, The Secret World of
American Communism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 260-80; John Earl
Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "The Myth of `Premature Antifascism,"' New Criterion 21,
no. i (September 2002); Peter N. Carroll, The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade:
Americans in the Spanish Civil War (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994),
254. There were other International Brigade veterans who served with the OSS, such
as Irving Fajans and Manuel Jiminez, but it is not clear they came via Wolff.

4. Zarubin to Merkulov, "Memorandum (on the station's work in the country)," 30 September 1944, KGB file 35112, v.1, p. 383, Alexander Vassiliev, White Notebook #1 [2007 English Translation ], trans. Steven Shabad (1993-96), 1.

5. Semenov to P. Fitin, 29 November 1944, KGB file 40129, v.3a, p. 215, Vassiliev, White #1, 113.

6. "Report on Americans," 27 September 1937, RGASPI 545-3-453. Pavel
Fitin to Georgi Dimitrov, 23 February 1943; Dimitrov to Fitin, 27 March 1943,
RGASPI 495-74-485.

7. Report, g February 1945, KGB file 40457, v.1, pp. 49-50; "List of OSS employees," circa September 1944, KGB file 40457, v.2, p. 16, Alexander Vassiliev,
White Notebook #3 12007 English Translation], trans. Steven Shabad (1993-96),
106-7, iio. One KGB cable partially deciphered by the Venona project likely was
about Goff. The June 1943 cable refers to a letter received by the wife of a KGB
agent with a cover name Venona cryptanalysts could never decode and that was simply listed as "UCN/6" (unidentified cover name #6). In the portions of the cable
cryptanalysts could read it appears that "UCN/6" was writing from Algeria and made
a reference to Milton Felsen. Felsen was also an International Brigades veteran,
Communist, and OSS officer. He had been part of Goffs OSS unit in North Africa,
but by the time of the cable he had been wounded in combat and captured by German forces. Very likely "UCN/6" was "Tyazh"/Goff. Venona 884 New York KGB to
Moscow, 8 June 1943.

8. On the OSS's investigation of Goff's use of OSS assets to assist Italian Communists, see Klehr, Haynes, and Firsov, Secret World, 279-80.

9. "Jung" to Moscow Center, 1 March 1939, KGB file 59264, v.1, p. 28a,
Alexander Vassiliev, Yellow Notebook #2 12007 English Translation], trans. Philip
Redko (1993-96), 72. Murray Illson, "8 Teachers Are out for Balking Query on Communist Ties," New York Times, i February 1952; Murray Illson, "7 Teachers Ousted
at Stormy Session," New York Times, 9 January 1953•

10. "Brothers' Timing Varies but Result Is the Same," New York Times, 14 October 1952; "Lie Acts on 12 in U.N. Silent on Red Link," New York Times, 23 October 1952; Testimony of Stanley Graze, 13 October 1952, U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Activities of United States Citizens Employed by the United
Nations (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1952), 52. Meeting, 1o August
1955, KGB file 61512, v.2, p. 46 (in envelope), Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 54.

ii. "Mer" to Moscow Center, 7 June 1943; "Vadim" to Moscow Center, 20
March 1945, KGB file 61512, v.i, pp. 13-14, 40, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 40, 44.

12. "Vadim" to Moscow Center, 6 August 1945, KGB file 61512, v.i, p. 1g, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 41.

13. "Vadim" to Moscow Center, 4 September 1945, KGB file 61512, v.1, p. 22,
Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 41.

14. "Vadim" to Moscow Center, 4 September 1945; Report on the meeting with
"Dan," 23 September 1945, KGB file 61512, v.1, pp. 22, 27-29, Vassiliev, Yellow #2,
41-43.

15. Reports on meetings on 23, 24, and 29 September, 3 and io October 1945;
"Vadim" to Moscow Center, 29 October 1945, KGB file 61512, v.1, pp. 27, 32-48,
Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 43-45.

16. Report on "Dan," 8 June 1948, KGB file 43173, v.6, pp. 73-83, Alexander
Vassiliev, Black Notebook [2007 English Translation], trans. Philip Redko (199396), 89-go. "In 1948, there"; Vladimirov report, November 195o; KGB New York to
Moscow Center, 1 March 1951; "Jour" report on 20 and 26 February, 19 and 26
March 1951 meetings; Moscow Center to KGB New York, 13 June 1951; "Jour" report, 15 June 1951, KGB file 61512, v.1, pp. 51, 82-83, 99, 104, 1o6-8, 110, 123-25,
Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 45-49.

17. KGB New York to Moscow Center, 7 October 1952; Report on "Dan," 30
July 1953, KGB file 61512, V.1, pp. 225, 291, Vassiliev, Yellow #2_50-51.

18. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 2 April 1955; "'Alan's' account," 22 June
1955; meeting report, 1o August 1955, KGB file 61,512, v.2, pp. 24, 33-39, 46 (in
the envelope), Vassiliev, Yellow #2_51-54.

i9. Moscow Center to KGB New York, 16 November 1955, KGB file 61512,
v.2, p. 6i, Vassiliev, Yellow #2_56.

20. "Draft of an appeal to the CC CPSU (April-May 1959)"; "At the end," KGB
file 61512, v.2, pp. 97-98, 122-25, Vassiliev, Yellow #2, 57-59.

z1. Robert A. Hutchison, Vesco (New York: Praeger, 1974), 247-49.

22. Ibid., 255-56, 26o-61, 272, 280, 298.

23. Ibid., 310; Scott Schmedel, "SEC Files Against," Wall Street Journal, 28 November 1972; "Vesco Trial Witness," Wall Street Journal, 21 March 1973; "Vesco Is
Indicted," Wall Street Journal, 15 January 1976.

24. "Malov" to Moscow Center, 3 October 1976, KGB file 61512, v.2, pp. 13132, Vassiliev, Yellow #2_59.