The Blackwell Companion to Sociology (138 page)

non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 62,

parent±child relationships

175, 333

effects of immigration on 131±2

human rights 97±8

intimacy 114

Index

603

parenting

environmental 47±8

definitions of ``good'' 119

of increased blood donation from

non-marital 116, 125

blacks 220

shared 118, 121, 123

racialized 173

single 116

political, and social 254, 261, 439

parents

political action, and interorganizational

immigrant 130±2

networks 333±7

socioeconomic status of 303±4, 306

political alignments

participant observation 425

and middle-class voters 255

participation

and party cleavages 256

of citizens and globalization 161

social bases of 253

conventional repertoire of 286

political authority, and state versus civil

democratic 17, 68, 81

society 76±7

levels of political 35, 262

political capital 396

public and individual difference 83±4

political economy 254

reasons for social movement 276±81

and the elderly 376

particularism, and universality 63±4, 77

political field, new 263±6

path analysis 302±3

political independence, as means to achieving

peace movements 101, 108

human rights 93

peer group, influences on student

political leaders, personalization of 29

outcomes 365±6

political movements 251±94

pensions

political opportunities, structural and

employer-based 383±5

conjunctural 274±5

gender and racial differences 384±5

political parties 253, 259, 275, 333

Pentecostalism 101, 106, 111

cleavages and political alignments 256

performance expectations 411±13

political process model 284

periphery, center versus 68, 270±1, 318±19

political rights 35, 95

perquisites 297

political science 215

personal experience, and social structure 98,

political sociology 31, 253±67, 448

118

classical ``social base'' paradigm 254±60

personal networks, and social structure 325

new directions 260±3

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity

and social movements 263±6

Reconciliation Act, US (1996) 206

political stability, and legal protection of human

personality, ``copyright of' 27

rights 96

phenomenology 254

political will, role of civil society and social

Philippines 108

movements in upholding of human

philosophes 229

rights 89±90, 95

philosophy

politicization 7, 233

and psychologism 245

politics

and theology 248

consumerist and reflexive approach 259

Pilluseri, asset building strategy for poverty

gender-focused approach 257

reduction for women of 174±6

and globalization 64±6, 257

place

institutionalist approaches 256±7

and ethnicity 13

and political movements 251±94

myths of 11±12

state-centered accounts 256±7

and search for roots 8±9

urban 7

sociology of 9±15

poor, age composition of the 164±5

places

population pyramid 377±8

gendered 13

positivism 230, 231, 449

``third'' (Oldenburg) 14

post traumatic stress disorder, in

planned behavior, theory of 277

immigrants 129

pluralism 39±40, 42, 145

postcolonial world 92±5, 96

American 395, 398, 403±6

postcommunist societies 80, 81

and individualism 83

post-Fordism 8, 50, 258

and wholeness in civil society 73±85

post-industrial society 33, 441

Poland 83

post-Marxism 9, 81

Solidarity 101, 108, 438, 456

postmaterialism 47±8, 50, 57

police, and use of DNA testing 226

postmodern condition 34

policy

postmodern sociology 34

changes in family structure and social 126

postmodernism 13, 50, 442

domain 333±6

postmodernity 31, 34

604

Index

poststructuralism 233, 242

social psychology of 276±7

poverty 61, 166, 447

violence in 290

culture of 165±6

Protestantism

defining and measuring 161, 162±3, 169

differentiation of groups in 109

in developing regions and countries 167±71

in Latin America 111

and the elderly 164±5, 381, 383

liberal 112

incidence of extreme 167±9 Table 12.1

see also conservative Protestantism (CPs)

income 171

psychological capital 193

life expectancy and relative 353±4

psychologism 245

long-term rural in the USA 199±200

psychology

persistence of 161±77, 201±2

discipline invented 114

relative and absolute 162±3

German empirical and psychologism 245

in rural America 196±210

psychosomatic medicine 345±6

in the USA 163±7

public assistance, in rural America 206±7

women in 163, 388

public discourse 29, 272

poverty level, net financial assets (NFA) 173

public opinion 84, 109

poverty reduction

public provisioning, and inequality 152

asset building strategy for 171±6

public schools, funding in rural America 205,

policies in the USA 166

209

power 68, 329, 333, 448

public sphere 68±70

absolute 444

debates in the 77, 291, 443

and dependence relationships 408±11

discursive (Habermas) 84

in dyadic exchange 117±18

and diversity 68±70

gendered strategies 123±4

framing of environmental knowledges 53±4

hierarchies of 232, 411

participation 81

measurement of 297

and private sphere 74±5

and perceptions of fairness 417±19

state withdrawal from 80

relations in academia 248±9

see also civil society

relations and cultural values 91±5

public±private dichotomy, inadequacy of 84

relations and human rights 87, 98

Puerto Ricans, in USA 179

relations and organizational networks

341

qualitative research, in religion 110±11

praxis 443, 444

quality of life 48, 50

prejudice, and tolerance 107±8

quantitative research, in religion 110±11

prestige 297±8

quantum physics 10±11

privacy 82, 94

quantum society 10

and genetic databases 215

private sphere, and public sphere 74±5

race

privatization 21, 65

American Anthropological Association

privilege 297±8

statement on 222±3

pro-choice movement 290

authentication of typologies via forensic

probleÂmatiques 37, 39, 40±2

DNA testing 225±6

production

biological and social aspects 220±2

collectivization of 59

and codependence 66±7

and consumption 27

and forensics 225±6, 233±6

Professional Assistance for Professional Action

and inequalities 66±7

(PRADAN) 175±6

phenotypical stereotypes via blood

professional associations 333

groups 218±20, 223

progress

and rural poverty 201±2, 207±9

assumptions about the inevitability of 44

as a social construction 222±3

without moralism (Huxley) 230

and stratification studies 234

property

taxonomy 220

enforcement of rights 158

racial earnings gap

justness and equality 147±9

and residential segregation thesis 192

recognition of rights necessary for

skills mismatch thesis 191±2

democracy 81

spatial mismatch hypothesis 191

social relations of 448

unmeasured effort effect 193

protest

racial prejudice see racism

movements (1960s) 33

racialization 66, 173

and organization 289±90

racism 66±7, 134±5

policing of 286

institutionalized 173, 194

Index

605

persistence of 66±7

relationships 425±7

and religiosity 107±8

research and development, cooperative

radicalism 229

networks 332

radio 21, 23, 27

``reservations'' 90

rational action, within social structures

resistance

408±13

against global monopolies 59

rational choice theory 277

cultures of 14, 104, 443

and church attendance 102

selective to modernity 107

rationality 229, 233, 239

to the state 78±9

``reading'' the social text 232

resource dependence theory 332

realism, sociological and civil society 79±84

resource mobilization theory 272±4, 281,

rebellions 438

438

reciprocity 60, 73

resources 297, 329, 333

the ethics of 426±8

access to basic 169±70, 174±6

and research 424, 425±6, 436

responsibility

recording industry 26, 28

ethics of 59, 69, 70, 438

reference group theory 102

sharing domestic and financial 122

reflection 442

retirement

reflexive modernization 36, 50, 55

income 383±5

Reformation 31

programs and elderly poverty 164±5

refugees 108, 132, 395, 397±8

and work 386±8

Convention (1951) 89

revolution 230, 257, 442±3

regression analysis 159

marginalist 231

Regulation School 258

and social change 253

relational approach 234, 319, 407, 448

rewards 297

relational spaces 58±9

right to work 93±4

relative deprivation theory 270, 271

rights

relativism 233

of children 89, 94

and universality in human rights 91±5, 98

of Man 229

religion

social construction of 89

adaptations of 100, 102±3, 112

of women 98

freedom of 98, 108

see also civil rights; collective rights; human

globalizing 111±13

rights; immigrant rights; political rights;

and health 105±6

social rights

measures of 109±11

risk society 50

pluralization 102±5

risk-taking 58, 59, 65

religious economies theory (Finke) 102

romanticism 115, 228, 229

and social justice 108±9

rule of law 96

sociology of 100±13

rural America 196±210

subcultural identity theory 102

economic development strategies 209±10

religions

women, children and families 202±7

`ìmported'' 112

rural poverty

indigenous 112

distinctive character of 207±8

see also new religious movements (NRMs)

explanations 199±200

religiosity

legacy of race 201±2, 207±9

American 107±8, 110

in the South 197±210

effects of immigration on 103±5

rural±urban contrasts 5±6, 68, 271

and health 105

and racial prejudice 107±8

sacred 108, 113, 453, 460

religious congregational studies 103, 111

salon, eighteenth-century French 239

immigrants 104±5

salvation, theology of universal 112

religious groups, gender roles in

same-sex relationships, conflation of gender

immigrant 104

and power 124

religious identification, national survey 104

Sanctuary movement 108

religious traditions, diversity within 109,

savings

110±11

and poverty 153±4

representative democracy 440

rate by color 180

repression, and facilitation 275

and women's poverty reduction

research

strategies 175±6

activism and theory 433±5

skepticism 229, 241

and reciprocity 425±6

Schedule of Recent Experiences 355

606

Index

school

skepticism 229, 241

conceptual models of organization 361±3

skills mismatch hypothesis 190, 191±2

effects of climate on student outcomes

slavery 108, 201, 389

367±8

Convention (1956) 89

effects of organizational context on

small group theories of social action 317±18,

outcomes 363±5, 366±7, 373±4

328, 412

enrollments 62±3

smoking, and stress 355±6

models of effects 362

SNiPs 216±18, 226

organizational analysis of 361±8

sociability 18, 83±4, 85

peer group influences on student

and citizenship 77

outcomes 365±6

social

transition from to work 368±73

the economic and the 254

schooling, and fertility decisions 157

erosion of the idea of the 258

science

the political and the 254, 261, 439

credibility in 243±4, 247, 248

social capital 74, 80, 82, 171±2, 176, 307±8

historical development of 233

Bourdieu on 262, 266

knowledge and ideas 211±49

disadvantageous 193

male hegemony in 232

and organizational networks 337±40, 341

sociology of 213±26, 236, 237, 239±40,

Putnam's definition 261

242

and social networks 324

and universal laws 228

social change 30±42