The Knight in History (43 page)

25.
Barber,
Trial of the Templars
, p. 255.

26.
Curzon,
La Règle du Temple
, p. 114.

27.
Ibid., p. 124.

28.
Ibid., p. 315.

29.
Ibid., p. 329.

30.
Ibid., pp. 296–297.

31.
Melville,
La Vie des Templiers
, p. 239.

32.
Ibid., pp. 288–289.

33.
Ibid., pp. 109–111.

34.
Riley-Smith,
The Knights of St. John
, p. 323.

35.
Melville,
La Vie des Templiers
, pp. 113–115.

36.
Ibid., p. 115; Bordonove,
La Vie quotidienne des Templiers
, pp. 170–173.

37.
Jean de Joinville,
Vie de St. Louis
, in
Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades
, trans. by M. R. B. Shaw, Harmondsworth, Eng., 1963, pp. 308–309.

38.
Curzon,
La Règle du Temple
, pp. 125–126.

39.
Joinville,
Vie de St. Louis
, p. 211.

40.
Ibid., p. 214.

41.
Recueil des historiens des Croisades: Historiens occidentaux
, Vol. II, Paris, 1859,
Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (MS de Rothelin)
, pp. 604–605.

42.
Joinville,
Vie de St. Louis
, pp. 218–219.

43.
Ibid., p. 226.

44.
Ibid., pp. 231–232.

45.
Ibid., p. 236.

46.
Ibid., pp. 258–259.

47.
Ibid., p. 267.

48.
Ibid., pp. 277–278.

49.
Ibid., pp. 293–294.

50.
Riley-Smith,
The Knights of St. John
, p. 197.

51.
Olivier the Templar, quoted in Melville,
La Vie des Templiers
, pp. 260–261.

1.
Simeon Luce,
Histoire de Bertrand du Guesclin et de son époque, La jeunesse de Bertrand (1320–1364)
, Paris, 1876. Other modern biographers include D. F. Jamison,
Bertrand du Guesclin et son époque
, trans. from the English by J. Baissac, Paris, 1866; Roger Vercel,
Du Guesclin
, trans. as
Bertrand of Brittany
, London, 1934; Rene Maran,
Bertrand du Guesclin, l’epée du roi
, Paris, 1960.

2.
On the Hundred Years War in the fourteenth century: Edouard Perroy,
The Hundred Years’ War
, trans. by W. B. Wells, London, 1962; K. A. Fowler, ed.,
The Hundred Years War
, New York, 1971; A. H. Burne,
The Crécy War
, London, 1955; Philippe Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société à la fin du Moyen Age
, Paris, 1972; Contamine,
La Guerre de Cent Ans
, Paris, 1968.

3.
On the French nobility of the fourteenth century: Edouard Perroy, “Social Mobility among the French
Noblesse
in the Later Middle Ages,”
Past and Present
21 (1962), pp. 25–38; Philippe Contamine, “The French Nobility and the War,” in Fowler, ed.,
The Hundred Years War;
P. S. Lewis,
Later Medieval France, the Polity
, London, 1968.

4.
Chronique de Bertrand du Guesclin, par
[Jean]
Cuvelier, trouvère du XIVe siècle
, ed. by E. Charrière, 2 vols., Paris, 1839, Vol. I, beginning p. 6, line 75, with variants given in footnote.

5.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 10–13, lines 154–272.

6.
Chronique (anonynyme) de sire Bertrand du Guesclin
, Paris, 1842, p. 2, cited in Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, p. 11.

7.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 20–24, lines 420–540.

8.
Blair,
European Armour
, pp. 38–39, 54–55.

9.
Ibid., pp. 40–41, 53.

10.
Perroy,
The Hundred Years’ War
, pp. 69–76; Perroy considers the quarrel over Aquitaine more substantive than the dynastic question in causing the war.

11.
E. Russell, “The Societies of the Bardi and Peruzzi and Their Dealings with Edward III 1327–45,” in
Finance and Trade Under Edward III
, ed. G. Unwin, Manchester, Eng., 1918, cited by Joseph and Frances Gies,
Merchants and Moneymen
, New York, 1972, pp. 170–171.

12.
Contamine,
La Guerre au Moyen Age
, pp. 416–417.

13.
Chroniques de J[ean] Froissart
, ed. by Simeon Luce, 10 vols., Paris, 1849, cited by Luce,
Du Guesclin
, Vol. III, p. 31.

14.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, p. 28, lines 657–663.

15.
Ibid., pp. 29–31, lines 291–771; Jamison, citing the
Chronique (anonyme)
, gives a slightly different version.

16.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 31–32, lines 789–809.

17.
Ibid., pp. 34–40, lines 865–1040.

18.
Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 80–81, citing P. H. Morice,
Histoire écclésiastique et civile de Bretagne
, 2 vols., Paris, 1750, Vol. I, pp. 283–284.

19.
For data on pay scales, see Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société
, pp. 95–121, 250. On the indenture system: A. E. Prince, “The Indenture System Under Edward III,” in
Historical Essays in Honor of James Tait
, ed. by J. G. Edwards, V. H. Galbraith, and E. F. Jacob, Manchester, Eng., 1933, pp. 283–298; P. S. Lewis, “Decayed and Non-feudalism in Later Medieval France,”
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
37 (1964), pp. 156–184; J. W. Sherborne, “Indentured Retinues and English Expeditions to France, 1369–1380,”
English History Review
79 (1964), pp. 727–730; N. B. Lewis, “The Organization of Indentured Retinues in Fourteenth-Century England,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 4th Ser., 27 (1945).

20.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 45–47, lines 1180–1238.

21.
Ibid., pp. 82–96, lines 2235–2606.

22.
R. Delachenal,
Histoire de Charles V
, 5 vols., Paris, 1916, Vol. II, pp. 113, 294, Vol. I, p. 383; Luce,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 120, 247–248.

23.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 130–132, lines 3617–3660; Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. II, pp. 117–118.

24.
Vercel,
Bertrand of Brittany
, p. 89.

25.
Ibid., p. 90.

26.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 121–122, lines 3431–3459. Tiphaine Raguenel’s eminence as an astrologer was preserved in the writings of Simon de Phares, court astrologer of Charles VIII a century later, according to E. Charrière (Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Introduction, p. lv).

27.
Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. II, p. 353, note 1.

28.
Chronique des quatre premiers Valois, 1327–1343
, ed. by Simeon Luce, Paris, 1862, p. 140.

29.
Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. III, pp. 359–361;
Chronique des quatre premiers Valois
, p. 138. Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 163–166, citing Froissart’s somewhat different account (Froissart,
Chronique
, Vol. VI, pp. 102–105.)

30.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, pp. 158–182, lines 4292–4905; Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. III, pp. 36–44, citing variant Froissart versions and Christine de Pisan,
Livre des faits et bonnes moeurs du sage roy Charles;
Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 168–180, citing several sources.

31.
Froissart,
Chronique
, ed. by Luce, Vol. VI, pp. 157–171.

32.
Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 239–247.

33.
Ibid., pp. 246–247.

34.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. I, p. 265, lines 7303–7321.

35.
Vercel,
Bertrand of Brittany
, p. 142.

36.
On the changing composition of the companies: Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société
, pp. 12–25. On horse and foot soldiers of this period: Sherborne, “Indentured Retinues.”

37.
Froissart, Cuvelier, and other sources give varying figures and kinds of coin for Du Guesclin’s huge ransom, but 100,000 doubloons of fine gold is specified in Du Guesclin’s letter to Charles V: Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, p. 402, “Obligation de Du Guesclin envers Charles V.”

38.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, p. 12, lines 13645–13648.

39.
Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 28–35, lines 14095–14300; Vercel,
Bertrand of Brittany
, p. 183.

40.
Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. III. 469–492.

41.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, p. 132, lines 17165–17228.

42.
Vercel’s rendition (p. 196) of a cryptic passage in Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, p. 135, lines 17227–17228.

43.
Perroy,
The Hundred Years’ War
, p. 159.

44.
Ibid., pp. 162–163.

45.
Christine de Pisan,
Livre des faits
, p. 256, cited in Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, p. 403.

46.
Froissart,
Chroniques
, ed. by Luce, Vol. VII, p. 255.

47.
Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, p. 157, lines 17900–17910.

48.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 136, lines 17257–17267.

49.
Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, pp. 409–412; Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, pp. 168–178, lines 18130–18505; Froissart,
Chroniques
, ed. by Luce, Vol. VIII, pp. 1–5.

50.
Delachenal,
Charles V
, Vol. IV, pp. 416–417.

51.
J. C. d’Orronville,
Vie de Louis de Bourbon
, p. 181, cited in Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, p. 429; Cuvelier,
Chronique
, Vol. II, pp. 216–217, lines 19666–19690.

52.
Froissart,
Chroniques
, ed. by Luce, Vol. VIII, pp. 33–115.

53.
Ibid., Vol. VIII, pp. 161–162.

54.
Morice,
Histoire de Bretagne
, Vol. I, p. 374, cited by Jamison,
Du Guesclin
, p. 572, credits Du Guesclin with a son named Michel who served in the war; Du Chastelet,
Preuves de Du Guesclin
, p. 466, also cited by Jamison, gives him, by a Spanish servant woman, two sons who became members of the Castilian nobility.

55.
Vercel,
Bertrand of Brittany
, p. 236.

56.
Ibid., p. 240.

57.
Ibid., pp. 240–241; Cuvelier, Froissart, and Jamison, citing several sources, give variant forms of Du Guesclin’s alleged last words.

58.
Froissart,
Chroniques
, ed. by Luce, Vol. IX, pp. 232–233; Vercel,
Bertrand of Brittany
, p. 243.

59.
Contamine,
Guerre, état, et société
, gives extensive information on pay scales from 1200 to 1500 in Annexe VI, pp. 619–636, and Annexe VII, pp. 637–638.

1.
K. B. McFarlane,
The Nobility of Later Medieval England
, Oxford, 1973, p. 45; McFarlane, “The Investment of Sir John Fastolf’s Profits of War,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 5th Ser., 7 (1957), pp. 104, 114. Fastolf’s father’s will is printed in
Norfolk Archaeology
4 (1855), pp. 319–320.

2.
McFarlane,
Nobility
, p. 83.