A Peace to End all Peace (88 page)

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______,
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______,
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______,
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______,
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“The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.”

Aaronsohn, Aaron: his pro-Allied position; his achievements; his espionage activities

Aaronsohn, Sarah

Abbas II (Abbas Hilmi Pasha), Khedive of Egypt

Abd el Kader, Emir;

Abd el Kader, Said

Abdul Hamid II, Sultan

Abdullah, son of Hussein of Mecca: meets with Kitchener and Storrs in Cairo before the war; corresponds with Kitchener on his father’s behalf; meets Storrs and Lawrence in Jeddah, and permits Lawrence to go up country; leads postwar expedition against Ibn Saud; his candidacy for the throne of Mesopotamia; in Transjordan

Abdul Said Mir Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara

Addison, Dr Christopher

Aden: administered by British India; included by Storrs in his plan for a new British Vice-Royalty

Afghanistan: British-Russian rivalry in; becomes a British protectorate; German wartime expeditions to; Ottoman designs on; the Third Afghan War and its settlement; and communist Russia; and Enver’s revolt in Bukhara; current conflicts in

Ahd, al-

Ahmed Mirza, Shah of Persia

Aitken, Sir Max, later 1st Baron Beaverbrook

Albania: revolts against Ottoman rule; occupied by Habsburg Empire

Aleppo
see
“Damascus, Homs, Hama and Aleppo”

Alexander, King of Greece

Alexandretta (Iskenderun): plans to use as British base in the postwar Middle East

Ali, son of Hussein of Mecca

Ali, Mehemet

Allenby, Sir Edmund, later 1st Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and Felixstowe: appointed to command Egyptian Expeditionary Force in invasion of Palestine; approves Lawrence’s plan for use of Arab irregulars in Palestine campaign; leads Palestine campaign; plans attack on Syria; and plans for administration of territories taken from the Ottoman Empire; leads Syrian campaign; and the question of French or Arab rule in Syria and Lebanon; dines with Feisal in Damascus; and French claims to Syria; statement at Peace Conference; and location of Dan (“Dan to Beersheba”); sent to take charge in Egypt (1919); warns superiors not to disregard Feisal and Syrian Congress; and administration of Palestine 445: his policy as British High Commissioner in Egypt

Allenby Declaration (1922)

Amanullah Khan, King of Afghanistan

Amery, Leopold S.: at War Cabinet secretariat; his British imperial vision and the question of a Jewish Palestine; and the Imperial War Conference; quoted on importance of a Jewish Palestine; helps draft Balfour Declaration; evaluates his accomplishments in 1917; discusses Sykes-Picot Agreement with Sykes; sees a war for Asia at hand; seeks immediate British possession of the Middle East before a cease-fire; fears US may accept trusteeship of Palestine

Amet, Vice-Admiral Jean F. C.: and armistice negotiations with the Ottoman Empire

Amritsar Massacre

Anglo-French Declaration (1918)

Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1922)

Anglo-Persian Agreement (1919)

Anglo-Russian Agreement (1907)

Angora Accord (1921)

Antonius, George

Aqaba expedition

Arab Bulletin
: described; quoted; reports Hussein threatened by Ibn Saud; and Lowell Thomas

Arab Bureau, the: creation of; opposes Sykes; aids in talks at Kut; views on Hussein’s revolt; and the
Arab Bulletin
; views; and Allenby’s use of Feisal’s forces; reports quoted; asked by Sykes to arrange meeting with Arab leaders; and the Foreign Office’s policy; and Arab independence; and Hussein as Caliph; reports (1919) on plans for a Pan-Islamic revolt against Britain; charged with “endangering world peace”
see also
Clayton; Herbert; Hogarth; Lawrence; Walrond

Arab Club, the (Syria)

Arab Executive, the (Palestine)

Arab Legion, the (Transjordan)

Arabia
see specific headings

Arabian Report
(Sykes)

Armenia: proposed US Mandate

Armenian Massacres (1915)

Armenian Revolutionary Federation

Armstrong Whitworth

Askari, Jaafar al-

Asquith, Herbert Henry: cruises with Churchill and others aboard
Enchantress
(1912); and the modern Middle East; harbors no designs on the Middle East; and Churchill; quoted on the Turkish war; and appointment of Kitchener as War Minister; quoted; favors conceding Constantinople to Russia; and Britain’s Middle East goals; appoints de Bunsen committee; and the Dardanelles campaign; quoted on the perils of attacking Gallipoli; forms Coalition Cabinet; and the questions of what to do about Kitchener and Gallipoli; orders study of “an Islamic Bureau” his faltering war leadership attacked; overthrown as Prime Minister; and Churchill; on Herbert Samuel’s plan for a Jewish Palestine and Lloyd George’s support of it; defeated in the elections (1918); and Russia’s grievances in the Middle East; leads his party to defeat in the elections (1922); his underestimation of the Ottoman Empire; and Churchill

Asquith, Margot

Asquith, Violet

Auda abu Tayi

Australia: role in the British imperial system; and the Chanak crisis;
see also specific wartime campaigns

Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Empire): and annexation of portions of the Ottoman Empire; and outbreak of First World War; vulnerable, says Lloyd George; and the Armenian Massacres; US delays declaration of war against; prisoners of war in Russia; Allied offensive against (1918); and the Peace Conference; dissolved

Auto-Emancipation
(Pinsker)

Azerbaijan: Enver’s forces fight for; British occupy; Russians recapture

Bagehot, Walter

Baghdad Railway project

Bailey, Colonel Frederick Marshman

Baku: campaigns; congress

Baldwin, Stanley

Balfour, Arthur James, later 1st Earl of Balfour

Balfour Declaration (1917)

Balkan Confederation

Balkan League

Balkan Wars

Barrow, Major-General Sir George

Beaverbrook, Lord
see
Aitken, Sir Max

Bedford, A. C.

Beha-ed-Din

Belgium: German invasion of

Bell, Gertrude

Ben-Gurion, David

Ben Zvi, Itzhak

Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor Theobald von

Bey, Halil

Bey, Rauf

Birdwood, General William

Birkenhead, Lord
see
Smith, F. E.

Bismarck, Prince Otto von

Boer War

Bonaparte, Napoleon, Egyptian expedition

Bonar Law, Andrew

Borden, Robert

Bosnia: annexation of by Austria-Hungary

Botha, Louis

Brandeis, Justice Louis D.

Bray, Major N. N. E.

Brazil: and the Turkish battleships

Breasted, James Henry

Brémond, Lieutenant-Colonel Edouard

Breslau
(ship)

Brethren (Ikhwan)

Briand, Aristide

Britain/British Empire
see specific headings

British East Africa

Bronstein, Lev Davidovich
see
Trotsky, Leon

Brunton, Captain C. D.

Bryant, Louise

Bryce, James

Buchan, John

Bukhara

Bulgaria

Bunsen, Sir Maurice de 142
see also
de Bunsen Committee

Cadman, Sir John

Caillard, Vincent

Cairo
see
Egypt/Cairo

Cairo Conference (1921)

Caix, Robert de

Calthorpe, Vice-Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough

Calwell, General Sir Charles

Cambon, Jules

Cambon, Paul

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry

Canada: role in the British imperial system; and Chanak crisis

Canning, George

Capitulations

Carasso, Emmanuel
see
Karasu, Emmanuel

Carden, Admiral Sackville

Carnegie Endowment: survey of changes resulting from the war

Carson, Sir Edward

Carter, Howard

Cartwright, Joanna and Ebenezer

Cavour, Count Camillo di

Cecil, Lord Robert

Chamberlain, Austen

Chamberlain, Joseph

Chanak (Canakkale) crisis

Chauvel, General Harry

Cheetham, Sir Milne

Chelmsford 3rd Baron (Frederic John Napier Thesiger)

Chicago
Daily News

Chicago, University of

Chile: and the Turkish battleships

Churchill, Winston Spencer: his character and characteristics; his earlier political career; becomes First Lord of the Admiralty (1911); cruises with the Prime Minister and others aboard
Enchantress
(1912); his role in creating the modern Middle East; and Turkish entry into the war; his role in the appointment of Kitchener as War Minister; initial views on postwar division of Middle East; plans to end stalemate in the war by flanking attack; and the Dardanelles campaign; and Sykes; and the Other Club; and Gallipoli campaign; loses position at the Admiralty in the Fisher resignation crisis; serves in the army; quoted on Clemenceau; and the importance of oil; returns to office as Minister of Munitions; aware of concerns of Jewish constituents; and Young Turk ideology; and France and Syria; and 1918 elections; becomes both War Minister and Air Minister (1919); demobilization and his warning of its effects on the peace negotiations; and the Russian civil war; quoted on the death of King Alexander; and the problem of Palestine; and troop withdrawals from Asia; views on and policy towards Bolshevik Russia; dissents from Lloyd George’s Middle East policy; appointed Colonial Secretary (1921); his policy as Colonial Secretary; the Cairo Conference; his White Paper for Palestine (1922); dissents from Lloyd George’s Turkish policy; and French support for Kemal; comes to the rescue of Lloyd George’s Turkish policy; defeated in the 1922 elections; his subsequent career

Cilicia

Clayton, Gilbert: his military career and official positions; his abilities and his outlook; his views and plans for Britain in relationship to the Arab world during and after the war; the al-Faruqi episode, the McMahon negotiations, and the Arab Revolt; policy differences with Sykes; and T. E. Lawrence; policies as chief political officer to Allenby; urges British annexation of Egypt; his policies attacked; on Richmond’s role in the Palestine administration

Clemenceau, Georges

Colby, Bainbridge

Colonial office
see
Churchill

Columbia University

Comité de l’Afrique Française

Comité de l’Asie Française

Committee of Imperial Defence

Committee of Union and Progress (C.U.P.)
see
Young Turkey Party

Congreve, General W. N.

Conjoint Committee

Conolly, Arthur

Constantine I, King of Greece

Constantinople Agreement (1915)

Cornwallis, Captain Kinahan

Council of Four

Cox, Sir Percy

Crane, Charles

Crewest Marquess of (Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes)

Cromer, Earl (Evelyn Baring)

C.U.P.
see
Young Turkey Party

Curtis, Lionel George

Curzon of Kedlestonest Marquess of (George Nathaniel Curzon)

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia: French postwar relations with

Daily Express

Daily Mail

Damascus: falls to the Allies (1918)

“Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo”

Damascus Protocol, the

Daniel Deronda
(Eliot)

D’Annunzio, Gabriele

Dardanelles and the Dardanelles campaign

Dardanelles Committee

Dashnaktsutium (Armenian Revolutionary Federation)

Dawnay, Colonel Alan

Dawnay, Guy

de Bunsen Committee (on Britain’s goals in Middle East)

Declaration to the Seven (1918)

Deedes, Wyndham

Delcassé, Theophile

Denikin, General Anton Ivanovich

Derbyth Earl of (Edward Stanley)

Dhawu-’Awn clan

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield

Djavid, Mehmed

Djemal Pasha, Ahmed (Djemal Bey)

Dodge, Cleveland

Dulles, Allen

Dunsterville, Major-General L. C.

Eastern Committee

Egypt/Cairo;
see also
Cairo Conference

El Arish

Eliot, George

Emir of Mecca
see
Hussein ibn Ali

Enver Pasha: and 1908 revolt; British information about his ethnic origins incorrect; as a Young Turk triumvir; a nationalist without a nation; seeks German alliance; personally known to Churchill; negotiates German alliance; offers
Osman
to Germany; invites sending of
Goeben
and
Breslau
to Constantinople; pushes for Turkish entry into the war on Germany’s side; and al-Masri; becomes Turkey’s “vice-generalissimo” leads Caucasus campaign; failings as War Minister; turns over command at the Dardanelles to Liman; and British capitulation at Kut; wary of German influence; and the Armenian Massacres; and Djemal’s offer to the Allies; his political position in 1917; secret talks with Lloyd George’s emissary; his new offensive against Russia; al-Masri offers to overthrow; campaigns in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan; his views in 1918; Cabinet colleagues turn against and blame; flees Constantinople; War Office still controlled by his followers; rivalry with Kemal; blamed by British for Middle East disorders; dealings with Germany and Bolshevik Russia; Bukhara campaign; death of

Enzeli (Persia): Soviet Russian attack on the Caspian port of

Faruqi, Muhammed Sharif al-

Fatat, al-

Feisal, son of Hussein of Mecca, later King of Syria, and later still, King of Iraq: deputy from Jeddah in the Ottoman Parliament; mission to Constantinople and Damascus (1915); and al-Faruqi; believes 100,000 men will join Hejaz revolt (June 1916); should be field commander of the Hejaz revolt, says Lawrence; informed of British plans to recreate a Jewish homeland in Palestine (1917); campaigns in Arabia 309 and Transjordanian Palestine; expresses sympathy for Jews and Zionism; and Hussein; and the administration of liberated Syria; and the Damascus campaign; his dinner conversation with Allenby; importance of his contribution to Allenby’s campaigns deliberately exaggerated by Lloyd George; and the peace negotiations; and the Arab leadership of independent Syria; and France; caught between the Syrian General Congress and the French; proclaimed King of Greater Syria; defeated, deposed, and exiled by the French; and Iraq disorders; and Lowell Thomas; and Churchill’s plan to make him ruler of Iraq; his coronation; Churchill fears Turks, aided by France, will attack; Churchill and colleagues come to regard as “treacherous”