After Tamerlane (88 page)

B. Berman and J. Lonsdale,
Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa, book 2: Ethnicity and Violence
(London, 1992) brilliantly explores the tensions within a colonized African society. G. L. Weinberg,
A World at War: A Global History of World War Two
(Cambridge, 1994) is the best modern one-volume study.

For the Cold War setting in Europe and beyond, J. L. Gaddis,
We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History
(Oxford, 1997), O. A. Westad,
Cold War and Revolution: Soviet–American Rivalry and the Origins of the Chinese Civil War
(New York, 1993) and O. A. Westad,
The Global Cold War
(Cambridge, 2005). For a general account of decolonization, R. F. Holland,
European Decolonisation 1918–1981
(London, 1985) and J. Darwin,
Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World
(London, 1988). The underlying strategy behind the transfer of power in colonial states is exposed in Wm Roger Louis and Ronald Robinson, ‘The Imperialism of Decolonisation',
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 22, 3
(1994). For the Chinese Revolution and after,
Westad, Cold War and Revolution, Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power
(Stanford, 1962) and two books by S. Schram,
Mao Tse-tung
(London, 1967) and
The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung
(London, 1971). The Cultural Revolution is the subject of a trilogy by R. MacFarquhar,
The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, vol 1: Contradictions among the People 1956–57
(London, 1974); vol 2:
The Great Leap Forward 1958–1960
(London, 1983); vol 3:
The Coming of the Cataclysm 1961–1966
(London, 1999). For Japan, John Dower,
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Aftermath of World War Two
(Harmondsworth, 1999) is essential.

For the Middle East, W. R. Louis,
The British Empire in the Middle East 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism
(Oxford, 1984) is a detailed study of the policy and planning in the two Western powers most involved in the region. M. J. Cohen,
Palestine and the Great Powers 1945–1948
(Princeton, 1982) explains the geopolitical circumstances in which Israel came into existence. R. McNamara,
Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East 1952–1967
(London, 2003) and K. Kyle, Suez (London, 1991) examine the rise and fall of Nasser and the Arab nationalism he championed. E. Abrahamian,
Iran between Two Revolutions
(Princeton, 1982) analyses the post-war turbulence in Iran and the consolidation of the shah's power in the 1950s and '60s. M. E. Yapp,
The Near East since the First World War
(London, 1991) remains invaluable.

A. Sampson,
The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made
(London, 1975) is an accessible account of the international oil industry.

D. Anderson,
Histories of the Hanged
(London, 2005) is a forensic examination of the realities behind the Mau Mau emergency in Kenya, and reveals in the process the stresses that helped wreck the late colonial state. P. Chabal and J.-P. Daloz,
Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument
(Oxford, 1999) and J.-F. Bayart, S. Ellis and B. Hibou,
The Criminalization of the State in Africa
(Oxford, 1999) are a fascinating discussion of the post-colonial state. For the growth of America's ‘empire', D. Lake,
Entangling Relations: American Foreign Policy in its Century
(Princeton, 1999) and G. Lundestad,
The American ‘Empire'
(London, 1990).

The sources of Soviet economic power are explained in D. Filtzer,
Soviet Workers and Late Stalinism: Labour and the Restoration of the Stalinist System after World War Two
(Cambridge, 2002). The international economy in its ‘pre-globalization' phase is described in H. van der Wee,
Prosperity and Upheaval: The World Economy 1945–1980
(London, 1986). Some of the debate over the use and abuse of American power can be followed in Robert J. Art,
A Grand Strategy for America
(London, 2003) and Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy and the End of the Republic (New York, 2004).

Abadan
432
,
461

Abbas Shah
80
–81

‘Abd al-Latif, historian
203

Abduh, Muhammad
334

Abyssinia,
see
Ethiopia Aden
38
,
222
,
256
,
454

al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din
334
–5

Afghanistan
153
,
258
,
292
,
478

Afghans
148

Africa
52
,
106
,
261
,
304
–18,
310
–11,
311
–12,
317
–18,
463
–7

partition of
304
–18

Agha Mohammed Shah
214

Agra
144

Ahmad Shah Durrani
151
–3,
263

Akbar, Mughal emperor
56
,
83
–7,
144

Alamein
429

Albuquerque, Afonso
51
,
53

Alexander I, tsar
184

Alexander II, tsar
233

Algeria
251
,
467

Algiers
257

Alma Ata, Treaty of
479

America
22
,
56
–65,
97
,
98
,
106
,
107
,
163
–4,
173
,
209
,
224
,
240
–49; see also United States

Ankara, Battle of
4

Angola
464

Appalachians
107
,
163
,
172

Arab League
453

Arabi, Colonel
308
–9

Arabs
36
,
384
–6,
387
,
459

Aragon
57

Archinard, Louis
310
–11

Argentina
251
,
299

Armenians
204
,
400

Asian–African Conference (1955)
444

Astrakhan
70
,
128

Atahualpa, Inca emperor
61

Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal)
386
,
389

Atlantic economy
19
,
21
–2,
245

Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor
146

Australia
174
,
224
,
254
,
255

Azerbaijan
214
,
261

Azores
51
,
57

Aztecs
57
,
59
–60

Babis
292

Babur, Timurid prince
82
–3

Bacon, Nathaniel
113

Baghdad
74
,
385

Bandung, conference
444

Barbados
108

Bayazet I, Ottoman Sultan
4

Beijing,
see
Peking Belgrade
39
,
141

Bengal
148
,
176
–8,
193
,
264

Bentham, Jeremy
210
,
230

Bering Strait
106

Bismarck, Otto von
226
,
236

Black Death
31
,
39

Black Sea
115
, 139,
141
–2,
163
,
175
,
225
,
292

Blyden, Edward Wilmot
349

Bombay 222,
332

Boxer Rebellion
352

Braddock, General Edward
114

Brazil
54

Britain
167
–9,
170
,
172
,
185
,
194
–8,
251
–2,
262
,
323
–6,
415
–16,
431
–2,
436

Bryce, James
303

Byzantine Empire
75
–6

Byzantium
28
–30

Burma
215
,
258
,
431
,
434

Caesar, Julius
28

Cairo
16
,
142
,
204
,
431
,
453

Calcutta
149
,
177
,
248
–9,
265

Calicut
17
,
52

California
106
,
255

Canary Islands
57

Canton
89
,
161
,
179
,
270

Caribbean,
57
–9,
107
–8,
197
,
320

Caspian Sea
152

Catherine the Great, empress of Russia
171
,
180

Catholic Church
63
–4,
68
,
94
,
120

Charlemagne
29

Charles V, Habsburg emperor (Charles I of Spain)
50
,
94

Charles XII, King of Sweden
122

Cheng-ho, admiral
44
,
88

Chiang Kai-shek
396
,
407
,
437
–8

Ch'ien-lung emperor
128
,
199
,
201

China
40
–45,
87
–91,
92
–3,
130
–32,
193
–4,
199
–
201
,
270
–76,
349
–54,
383
,
395
–9,
406
–8,
411
,
419
–21,
438
–9,
445
–7

Ch'ing dynasty,
see
Manchus Choshu
278
–9

Chou En-lai
444
,
446

Churchill, Winston
433
,
435
,
437

Clive, Robert
150
,
177
–80

coal
191
,
195
–6

cod fishery
96

Columbus, Christopher
56
–7

Confucianism
43
,
87
,
89
–90,
92
,
131
,
135
,
199
–
201
,
354

Congo
310
,
312
,
314
,
316
,
466
–7

Constant, Benjamin
229
–30

Constantinople
73
,
142
,
372

Cook, James
106
,
161
,
173
–4,
208

Corteés, Hernando
50
,
51
,
57
,
59

cotton
136
,
193
,
196
,
224

Crimea
70
,
163
,
225

Cuba
57
–8,
320
, 196

Cultural Revolution
447

Cyprus
30
,
285
,
461

da Gama, Vasco
17
,
52
–3

Damascus
35
,
39
,
385

Danube
28
,
39

decolonization
441
–3,
464
–8

Defoe, Daniel
197

Delhi
266
–8

Deshima
92
,
134
,
278

Dien Bien Phu, Battle of
451

Dutch East India Company
111
,
154

dynasticism
94
,
113
,
116

East India Company (British)
149
–50,
177
–8,
179
–80

Edo
133
,
135
,
279

Egypt
16
,
32
,
74
,
192
,
214
, 288–91,
305
,
307
–10,
345
,
383
–4,
453
–4,
456
–9

Elmina
52

Ethiopia
260

Europe:

meaning
20
–22

thought in
32
,
93
–4,
99
,
117
–18,
154
,
161
,
198
–9,
206
–10,
229
–31, 339–43

Fath Ali Shah
214

Feisal, Arab statesman
384
–5

France 112,
114
,
166
–7,
180
–81,
328
–9,
463

Frederick the Great, King of Prussia
116
,
165
,
169
–70

Galdan, Kalmyk ruler
127
–8

Gandhi, Mahatma
346
–7,
391
–4,
463

Genghis Khan
4
,
36
,
66

Genoa
31
,
56
,
96

Georgia
400

Germany
326
–8,
372
–3,
417
–19

globalization
477
–8,
480
,
482
,
485
,
501
–5

meaning
8
–11

debate
7
–8

gold
58
–9,
108
–9,
255
–6

Golden Horde
4
–5,
65

Gorbachev, Mikhail
478
–9

Great Wall
44
,
88

Gujarat
38
,
193

Gulistan, Treaty of 222