Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (797 page)

Woolley , Sir Charles Leonard
(1880–1960)
[Bi].

British archaeologist with a background in classics educated at New College, Oxford. In 1905 he became assistant director at the Ashmolean Museum, learning archaeological methods at the Roman site of Corbridge in Northumberland. Later he transferred his interests to the Near and Middle East. Between 1911 and 1914, and again in 1919, he directed excavations on the
HITTITE
city of Carchemish in Syria, assisted by T. E. Lawrence . During WW1 he served as an intelligence officer before being captured by Turkish forces and spending two years as a prisoner of war. In 1922 he began a twelve-year project as the director of a joint British Museum/University Museum of Pennsylvania expedition to excavate
UR
and Eridu in southern Mesopotamia. Alongside his detailed technical publications, Woolley also provided popular accounts of his results, recognizing the importance of public relations and the high level of interest in archaeological matters amongst the general public.
[Abio.: 1953,
Spadework in archaeology
. New York: Philosophical Library. Bio.: H. V. Winstone , 1992,
Woolley of Ur, the life of Sir Leonard Woolley
. London: Heinemann]

 
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Large thick-skinned and hairy plant-eating ungulate (Coelodonta antiquitatis) with one or more horns on the nose and plated or folded hairy skin that was adapted to cold-climate regions. Now extinct, the species was present in the northern hemisphere during the
RISS
and
WÜRM
phases of the
PLEISTOCENE
, and was hunted by human communities. Woolly rhinos disappeared as part of the
MEGAFAUNA EXTINCTION
around 10000 bc.

 
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Defended site of square or rectangular plan, up to 0.5ha in extent and typical of the later Iron Age (1st–2nd century
bc
) of the south midlands of England. The defences generally comprise a single bank and ditch, an elaborate gateway, and timber stockades. These small farmsteads contained one or more round houses and four-posted storage structures.

 
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See ACROSTIC.

 
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In Britain, a house maintained by the parish authorities after the Poor Law Act 1722 or by the Poor Law Union after 1834, in which the poor were housed and set to work where they were capable of it.

 
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A scatter of debitage, spent raw material, cores, broken tools, and equipment associated with the production of flint or stone tools forming a definable surface or spread. When fully analysed it is sometimes possible to recognize the places where workers sat and something of the reduction sequences used.

 
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