Discourse and Defiance Under Nazi Occupation: Guernsey, Channel Islands, 1940-1945 (79 page)

167
. Lewis, July 31, 1941.

168
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 83 (July 1941).

169
. Lewis, August 13, 1941.

170
. Lewis, August 1–3, 1941.

171
. Archeologist Gillian Carr argues convincingly that the V-campaign went into a “more ephemeral phase.” Based on artifacts, she traces its continuance in the camps to which Channel Islanders were deported in September 1942 and February 1943; Gillian Carr, “The Archaeology of Occupation and the V-sign Campaign in the Occupied British Channel Islands,”
International Journal of Historical Archaeology
, published online at DOI 10.1007/sJ0761–010–0119–5 (June 24, 2010).

172
. Alinsky,
Rules for Radicals
, 128.

173
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 88 (July 23, 1941).

174
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 83 (July 1941).

175
. Gillian Carr and Richard Heaume, “Silent Resistance in Guernsey: The V-Sign Badges of Alf Williams and Roy Machon,”
Channel Islands Occupation Review
32 (2004): 52.

176
. Private interviews with Alf Williams, Guernsey, 2003 and 2004.

177
. Ord, 397 (November 16, 1942).

178
. Alice Evans, ed.,
Guernsey under Occupation: The Second World War Diaries of Violet Carey
(Chichester, UK: Phillimore, 2009), 107.

179
. Ord, 537 (June 30, 1943). Gillian Carr has uncovered instances of Islanders also making badges and rings out of Island coins bearing the three lions
passant guardant
of the Guernsey Crest. Because the Germans stamped this crest on a number of items to prove their ownership of the Island, the wearing of the crest was an additional means for Islanders to reclaim their heritage; Carr, “A Campaign of Silent Resistance,”
Research Horizons
, no. 5 (Spring 2008), 21, available at
http://www.research-horizons.cam.ac.uk/images/fileupload/370.pdf
.

180
. Robin, July 2, 1943.

181
. Lewis, July 1, 1943.

182
. Alf Williams, personal interview, June 2003.

183
. Alf Williams, personal interview, June 2003.

184
. Warry, June 8, 1942.

185
. Warry, June 15, 1942. Bert Williams was unique in having it affect his income as well. He was in the habit of copying down the words and melodies of the latest dance tunes, performing them with his band or selling them as sheet music to Guernsey musicians; Williams, 59 (June 28, 1942).

186
. Ord, 121 (December 18, 1940).

187
. Ord, 305 (June 8, 1942).

188
. Ord, 586–87 (August 15, 1943).

189
. Ord, 426 (January 18, 1943).

190
. Ord, 422 (January 22, 1943).

191
. Williams, 107 (September 8, 1943).

192
. Lewis, September 8, 1943.

193
. Robin, November 30, 1940.

194
. Ord, 522 (June 10, 1943).

195
. Ord, 798 (June 21, 1944).

196
. Ord, 864 (August 29, 1944).

197
. Lewis, July 30–August 18, 1944.

198
. Corbin, August 1944.

199
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 53 n. 14.

200
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 41 (April 11, 1944) and 44 (June 22, 1944).

201
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 197 (October 20, 1944).

202
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 278–79 (April 26, 1945).

203
. Ord, 500–501 (May 13, 1943).

204
. Ord, 558 (July 16, 1943).

205
. Ord, 353 (September 3, 1942); Robin, September 2, 1942.

206
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 197 (October 20, 1944).

207
. Ord, August 11, 1942.

208
. Lewis, April 12, 1943.

209
. Lewis, December 11, 1944.

210
. Lewis, August 17, 1944.

211
. Williams, 177 (December 3, 1944).

212
. Warry, February 12, 1944.

213
. Williams, 122 (February 15, 1944).

214
. Lewis, January 11, 1943.

215
. Bell,
Guernsey Occupied
, 277.

216
. Ord, 396 (November 11, 1942).

217
. Ord, 444 (February 15, 1943).

218
. A pseudonym.

219
. Lewis, June 29, 1944.

220
. Ord, 419 (December 27, 1942).

221
. Ord, 426 (January 18, 1943).

222
. Ord, 981 (February 17, 1945).

223
. Smith, “Violence,” 202–3.

224
. Ord, 395–96 (November 11, 1942).

225
. Ord, 1009–10 (March 29, 1945).

226
. Scott,
Domination
, 119 and 124.

227
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 222–23 (March 26, 1945).

228
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 265 (November 29, 1944).

229
. Falla,
Silent War
, 98–100.

230
. Bell,
Guernsey Occupied
, 274–75.

231
. Falla,
Silent War
, 100–108.

232
. Williams, 136–37 (June 25, 1944).

233
. “Channel Island's World War II Forgotten Heroes Revealed,” Channel 4 News,
http://www.channel4.com/news/channel-islands-world-war-ii-forgotten-heroes-revealed
, November 18, 2010; “WWII Prison Camp Archives Discovered in Guernsey,” BBC News,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-guernsey-11779963
; Stephen Bates, “Guernsey Files Reveal How Islanders Defied Nazi Occupation,”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/nov/18/guernsey-files-islanders-nazi-occupation
.

234
. Bell,
Guernsey Occupied
, 275–77.

235
. Ord, 601 (August 31, 1943).

236
. Scott,
Weapons of the Weak
, 301.

237
. Scott,
Weapons of the Weak
, 29.

238
. Yu Shi, “Chinese Immigrant Women Workers: Everyday Forms of Resistance and ‘Coagulate Politics,’”
Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies
5, no. 4 (December 2008): 377.

CONCLUSION

1
. Diary of the Rev. R. Douglas Ord, vol. 6, 1 May 1944–25 October 1944, M0007071GY, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Ord], 778–79 (June 6, 1944).

2
. Jack C. Sauvary,
Diary of the German Occupation of Guernsey, 1940–1945
, ed. K. A. Sauvary (Upton-upon-Severn: Self Pub. Association, 1990), 228 (June 6, 1944).

3
. K. M. Bachmann,
The Prey of an Eagle
(Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1972), 180 (June 11, 1944).

4
. Winifred Harvey,
The Battle of Newlands: The Wartime Diaries of Winifred Harvey
, ed. Rosemary Booth (Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1995), 219 (June 5 and 6, 1944).

5
. Diary of Herbert Williams, States of Guernsey Island Archives Service, AQ 380/03–2 [hereafter Williams], 130 (June 6, 1944); Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 219 (June 6, 1944).

6
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 219 (June 5 and 6, 1944).

7
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 232 (June 20, 1944).

8
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 228 (June 6, 1944).

9
. Ord, 780 (June 6, 1944).

10
. Diary of William Arthur Warry, University of Virginia, Special Collections, Microfilm 1688 MSS8138 [hereafter Warry], June 7, 1944.

11
. Ord, 796 (June 19, 1944); Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 223 (June 19, 1944); Warry, June 19, 1944; Sauvary,
Diary
, 231 (June 19, 1944); Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 185 (June 19, 1944).

12
. Diary of Kenneth G. Lewis, Guernsey Island Archives, G06/10 W, 1–1-8–10, AS/LC 16–01 [hereafter Lewis], June 17, 1944.

13
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 183 (June 11, 1944).

14
. Diary of Mrs. Elizabeth Doig, Bib Id. 298904, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Doig], July 23, 1944.

15
. Doig, November 5, 1944.

16
. Ord, 865–66 (August 31, 1944).

17
. Diary of Ambrose Collas Robin, 17 June 1940 to 18 May 1945, Control No. M0005622GY, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Robin], November 7, 1944.

18
. Dorothy Pickard Higgs,
Life in Guernsey under the Nazis, 1940–45
(Guernsey: Toucan Press, 2000), 48 (August 28, 1944).

19
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 44 (June 22, 1944).

20
. Lewis, September 25, 1944.

21
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 258–60 (November 9–11, 1944).

22
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 250 (November 19–30, 1944).

23
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 247 (October 21, 1944).

24
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 252 (November 26–December 6, 1944); Corbin, November 1944; Sauvary,
Diary
, 262–64 (November 26–27, 1944).

25
. Doig, November 5, 1944.

26
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 247 (October 21, 1944).

27
. Williams, 170 (November 4, 1944).

28
. Williams, 171 (November 12, 1944).

29
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 207 (December 14, 1944).

30
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 52 (December 17, 1944).

31
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 217 (January 18, 1945).

32
. Ord, 946–47 (December 30–31, 1944).

33
. Ord, 948 (December 31, 1944); Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 53 (December 31, 1944); Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 217 (January 18, 1945).