Jefferson and Hamilton (77 page)

75
. Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 216–17; TJ to J. P. G. Muhlenberg, January 31, 1781,
PTJ
4:487.

CHAPTER 5: “OUR AFFAIRS SEEM TO BE APPROACHING FAST TO A HAPPY PERIOD”: GLORY FOR HAMILTON, MISERY FOR JEFFERSON

Chernow,
AH
, 154–66; Miller,
AH
, 62–79; Flexner,
Young AH
, 330–74; Mitchell,
AH
, 1:222–61; Malone,
TJ
, 1:330–69; Peterson,
TJ
, 203–40.

1
. James Lovell to JA, January 2, 1781,
LDC
16:537; John Ferling,
Almost a Miracle: The American Victory in the War of Independence
(New York, 2007), 468–69, 476.

2
. AH to Robert Morris, April 30, 1780,
PAH
2:605, 633.

3
. AH to Laurens, September 12, 16, 1780,
PAH
2:428, 431.

4
. AH to Laurens, February 4, 1781,
PAH
2:550; AH to Duane, September 6, 1780, ibid., 2:421.

5
. AH to Schuyler, February 18, 1781,
PAH
2:565–67, 566n; AH to James McHenry, February 18, 1781, ibid., 2:569.

6
. AH to Schuyler, February 18, 1781,
PAH
2:563–68; AH to Greene, April 19, 1781, ibid., 2:595.

7
. AH to GW, April 27, 1781,
PAH
2:600–601; GW to AH, April 27, 1781, ibid., 2:601–3.

8
. Greene to TJ, February 15, 1781,
PAH
4:615.

9
. Lawrence E. Babit,
A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1998).

10
. Greene to TJ, February 15, 28, March 10, 1781,
PTJ
4:615–16; 5:23, 111–12.

11
. GW to TJ, February 6, 1781,
PTJ
4:543–44; TJ to Steuben, January 14, February 7, 12, 16, March 10, 1781, ibid., 4:357–58, 555, 592–93, 633; 5:117–20; Michael Kranish,
Flight from Monticello: Thomas Jefferson at War
(New York, 2010), 224–26.

12
. GW to TJ, February 6, 1781,
PTJ
5:543.

13
. TJ to Huntington, January 15, 1781,
PTJ
4:399; TJ, Circular Letter to the Members of the Assembly, January 23, 1781, ibid., 4:433–34; TJ to Steuben, January 29, 1781, ibid., 4:477; TJ, Proclamation, February 2, 1781, ibid., 4:505.

14
. TJ to Huntington, January 15, 1781,
PTJ
4:370.

15
. GW to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 20, 1781, in Stanley J. Idzerda, ed.,
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers
(Ithaca, N.Y., 1977), 3:333–34.

16
. GW to TJ, February 21, 1781,
PTJ
4:683; TJ to Lafayette, March 2, 1781, ibid., 5:43; Lafayette to TJ, March 3, 1781, ibid., 5:49–51; Steuben to TJ, March 5, 1781, ibid., 5:66.

17
. Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 502–3; Lafayette to TJ, March 26, 1781,
PTJ
5:261; Lafayette to GW, March 26, 1781, Idzerda,
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution
, 3:417–18.

18
. Greene to TJ, March 10, 16, 1781,
PTJ
5:112, 156; Lawrence E. Babit and Joshua B. Howard,
Long, Obstinate, and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Court house
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2009).

19
. Greene to TJ, March 23, 31, 1781,
PTJ
5:215, 301–2.

20
. Steuben, Proposal for an Expedition Against Cornwallis, March 27, 1781; Idzerda,
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution
, 3:419–20; Lafayette on Steuben’s Proposed Expedition, March 27, 1781, ibid., 420–21; Lee to TJ, March 27, 1781,
PTJ
5:252; George Weedon to TJ, March 27, 1781, ibid., 5:267; Harry M. Ward,
Duty, Honor or Country: General George Weedon and the American Revolution
(Philadelphia, 1979), 177–82.

21
. Greene to TJ, April 6, 1781,
PTJ
5:361. The Weedon quotation is in Peterson,
TJ
, 226. Greene’s “lifeless” quotation is in Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 204.

22
. TJ to Chevalier la Luzerne, April 12, 1781,
PTJ
5:421–22.

23
. For a general account of Greene’s war in the South, see Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 463–66, 477–500, 505–16.

24
. TJ to Speaker of the House of Delegates, May 10, 1781,
PTJ
5:626; Selby,
Revolution in Virginia
, 272–74; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 233, 240–51.

25
. TJ to James Wood, October 5, 1780,
PTJ
4:14–15; TJ to the Virginia Delegates to Congress, October 27, 1780, ibid., 4:76–77; TJ to Lee, September 13, 1780, ibid., 3:642.

26
. See David Ramsay,
The History of the American Revolution
(reprint, Indianapolis, 1990), 2:27; and Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 386–87.

27
. TJ to la Luzerne, April 12, 1781,
PTJ
5:421.

28
. Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 508–9.

29
. TJ to Those Appointed by Lafayette to Remove Horses out of the Route of the Enemy, [May 15, 1781],
PTJ
5:655; TJ to GW, May 9, 1781, ibid., 5:623.

30
. The quotations can be found in James Haw,
John and Edward Rutledge of South Carolina
(Athens, Ga., 1997), 123–24.

31
. TJ to GW, May 28, 1781,
PTJ
6:33.

32
. Lafayette to TJ, April 25, 1781,
PTJ
5:554.

33
. Baron Ludwig von Closen,
The Revolutionary Journal of Baron Ludwig von Closen, 1780–1783
, ed. Evelyn Acomb (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1958), 86; Conference with Rochambeau, May 23, 1781,
WW
22:105–7; GW to Greene, June 1, 1781, ibid., 22:146; Edward G. Lengel,
General George Washington
(New York, 2005), 329–30. The quotations are in James T. Flexner,
George Washington and the American Revolution, 1775–1783
(Boston, 1968), 429, 430.

34
. AH to ESH, July 10, 1781,
PAH
2:647; AH to GW, May 2, 1781, ibid., 2:636–38.

35
. TJ to the Members of Assembly for Fluvanna and Certain Other Counties, May 1, 1781,
PTJ
5:585. The “unmolested” quotation is in Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 269.

36
. Lafayette to GW, May 24, 1781, Idzerda,
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution
, 4:130–31; Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 511–12.

37
. TJ, Diary of Arnold’s Invasion [The 1796? Version],
PTJ
4:260–61; TJ, Speech to Jean Baptiste Ducoigne, June 1, 1781, ibid., 6:60–63; TJ to François de Barbé-Marbois, March 4, 1781, ibid., 5:58.

38
. TJ to the Speaker of the House of Delegates, May 10, 1781, ibid., 5:627; Michael A. McDonnell,
The Politics of War: Race, Class, and Conflict in Revolutionary Virginia
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2007), 462.

39
. TJ to Joseph Reed, June 3, 1781,
PTJ
6:74; TJ to the Surveyor of Monongalia County, June 3, 1781, ibid., 6:76.

40
. TJ, Diary of Arnold’s Invasion [The 1796? Version],
PTJ
4:261.

41
. Annette Gordon-Reed,
The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family
(New York, 2008), 138–39.

42
. Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 283–84.

43
.
JMB
1:510, 510–11n; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 286.

44
.
JMB
1:511; Kranish,
Flight from Monticello
, 284; TJ to William Gordon, July 16, 1788,
PTJ
13:363.

45
. TJ to Edmund Randolph, September 16, 1781,
PTJ
6:118.

46
. John Beckley to TJ [Enclosing a Resolution of the House of Delegates], June 12, 1781,
PTJ
6:88; Archibald Cary to TJ, June 19, 1781, ibid., 6:97; TJ to George Nicholas, July 28, 1781, ibid., 6:105.

47
. Huntington to TJ [Enclosing a Resolution of Congress Appointing Peace Commissioners], June 15, 1781,
PTJ
6:94–95.

48
. George Nicholas to TJ, July 31, 1781,
PTJ
6:105–6; Charges Advanced … with Jefferson’s Answers [After July 31, 1781], ibid., 6:106–8.

49
. AH to ESH, July 10, 13,
PAH
2:647, 652–53; GW, General Orders, July 31, 1781, ibid., 2:658.

50
. AH to ESH, July 13, 1781,
PAH
2:652.

51
. AH, “The Continentalist,” nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 [July– August 1781],
PAH
2:649–52, 654–57, 660–65, 669–74. The quotes can be found in ibid., 2:651, 652, 661, 663, 673.

52
. Lengel,
General George Washington
, 332; GW to Rochambeau, June 13, 1781,
WW
22:208; Conference at Dobbs Ferry, July 19, 1781, ibid., 22:396–97; Donald Jackson et al., eds.,
The Diaries of George Washington
(Charlottesville, Va., 1976–1979), 3:397, 399, 404–5.

53
. Jackson,
Diaries of George Washington
, 3:406, 407, 409, 413, 414–16; Richard M. Ket-chum,
Victory at Yorktown: The Campaign That Won the Revolution
(New York, 2004), 151, 159; Lengel,
General George Washington
, 333, 335; Ferling,
Almost a Miracle
, 523–30; Flexner,
George Washington and the American Revolution
, 441, 444; Douglas Southall Freeman,
George Washington: A Biography
(New York, 1948–1957), 5:314, 525–28; GW to Lafayette, August 21, September 10, 1781,
WW
23:11, 34; Lafayette to GW, August 25, 1781, Idzerda,
Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution
, 4:357.

54
. AH to ESH, August 16, 22, September 6, 15–18, October 12, 1781,
PAH
2:666, 667, 675, 678.

55
. AH to ESH, September 6, 1781,
PAH
2:675.

56
. AH to GW, April 27, 1781,
PAH
2:601.

57
. AH to ESH, October 12, 1781,
PAH
2:678.

58
. AH to ESH, October 16, 1781,
PAH
2:682.

59
. AH to Lafayette, October 15, 1781,
PAH
2:679–82. For GW’s laudatory comments about AH’s bravery, see Mitchell,
AH
, 1:259.

60
. TJ to Thomas Mann Randolph Jr., July 13, 1806, Ford,
WTJ
8:459.

61
. TJ to Lafayette, August 4, 1781,
PTJ
6:111–12; TJ to Isaac Zane, December 24, 1781, ibid., 6:143.

62
. TJ, Diary of Arnold’s Invasion [The 1796? Version],
PTJ
4:262; Resolution of Thanks to Jefferson by the Virginia General Assembly, December 12, 1781, ibid., 6:135–36.

63
. TJ to Lafayette, August 4, 1781,
PTJ
6:112.

64
. AH to GW, March 1, 1782,
PAH
3:4, 5.

CHAPTER 6: “THE INEFFICACY OF THE PRESENT CONFEDERATION”: GRIEF AND INTRIGUE

Brodie,
TJ
, 184–232; Cunningham,
TJ
, 84–89; Peterson,
TJ
, 241–96; Malone,
TJ
, 1:373–423; Chernow,
AH
, 167–84; McDonald,
AH
, 43–48.

1
. TJ to James Monroe, May 20, 1782,
PTJ
6:184–86.

2
. TJ to McKean, August 4, 1781,
PTJ
6:113; TJ to the Speaker of the House of Delegates, May 6, 1782, ibid., 6:179; TJ to Monroe, May 20, 1782, ibid., 6:184–86; TJ, Autobiography, in Padover,
CTJ
, 1156–57.

3
. TJ to Marbois, December 20, 1781,
PTJ
6:141–42.

4
. Quoted in Kevin J. Hayes,
The Road to Monticello: The Life and Mind of Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 2008), 240.

5
. Thomas Jefferson,
Notes on the State of Virginia
, ed. William Peden (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955), 87, 137–40.

6
. JA to TJ, May 22, 1785,
AJL
1:21.

7
. TJ,
Notes on the State of Virginia
, 157–61. The quotation can be found on page 159.

8
. Ibid., 118–29, 209–22; TJ, Draft of a Constitution for Virginia, [May– June 1783],
PTJ
6:294–308. On TJ’s three constitutional drafts in 1776, ibid., 1:337–65. Some in this paragraph draw on Peter S. Onuf, “Jefferson and American Democracy,” in Francis D. Cogliano, ed.,
A Companion to Thomas Jefferson
(Chichester, England, 2011), 397–418.

9
. TJ to Mr. Lithgrow, January 4, 1805, L & B,
WTJ
11:55–56.

10
. TJ to Thomas Pleasants, May 8, 1786,
PTJ
9:473.

11
. TJ,
Notes on the State of Virginia
, 117–29, 164–65. My section on TJ and manufacturing draws on the insightful section in Jean M. Yarbrough,
American Virtues: Thomas Jefferson on the Character of a Free People
(Lawrence, Kans., 1998), 71–77.

12
. TJ,
Notes on the State of Virginia
, 121.

13
. Howard C. Rice Jr., ed.,
Travels in North America in the Years 1780, 1781 and 1782 by the Marquis de Chastellux
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1963), 1:2–24; 2:389–96.

14
. TJ to Monroe, May 20, 1782,
PTJ
6:186; TJ to Chastellux, November 26, 1782, ibid., 6:203. The accounts left by Randolph and TJ’s daughter Martha can be found in ibid., 6:186–87n. On Martha Jefferson’s health and final illness, see Jon Kukla,
Mr. Jefferson’s Women
(New York, 2007), 78–85; and Virginia Scharff,
The Women Jefferson Loved
(New York, 2010), 142–50.